CN1059662A - The preparation method of health nutrient - Google Patents
The preparation method of health nutrient Download PDFInfo
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- CN1059662A CN1059662A CN90107490A CN90107490A CN1059662A CN 1059662 A CN1059662 A CN 1059662A CN 90107490 A CN90107490 A CN 90107490A CN 90107490 A CN90107490 A CN 90107490A CN 1059662 A CN1059662 A CN 1059662A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001669 calcium Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000001008 Dimocarpus longan Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000000235 Euphoria longan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001619461 Poria <basidiomycete fungus> Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014666 liquid concentrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000009636 Huang Qi Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000019580 granularity Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000222336 Ganoderma Species 0.000 description 5
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000857 drug effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003124 biologic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019658 bitter taste Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009758 senescence Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 206010016654 Fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000060234 Gmelina philippensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000577951 Hydnum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000599 Lentinula edodes Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001715 Lentinula edodes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001446509 Psoralea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000545442 Radix Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000000231 Sesamum indicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003434 Sesamum indicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002605 anti-dotal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004761 fibrosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013402 health food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- AXONCVPTTFHNOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N kairine Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=C2N(C)CCCC2=C1 AXONCVPTTFHNOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The preparation method of the comprehensive health nutrient that one class is mixed by trace element such as fungal preparation, medicinal food extract (or Chinese medicine extract) and activated calcium and selenium, germanium, it is characterized in that: prepare fungi preparation with the biological engineering fermentation technique, trace element such as activated calcium and selenium, germanium can join in the fungus strain biological fermentation process, adopt ethanol secondary back method effective component extracting from Chinese medicine or medicinal food, this law has that cost is low, extraction ratio is high, with short production cycle, product quality advantages of higher.
Description
The present invention relates to the preparation method of nutriment, particularly a class has and improves one's physical development, the preparation method of enhancing human body immunity power, slow down aging, the health nutrient of eliminating disease and prolong life.
At present, enhancing human body immunity power, antidotal medicine generally can be divided three classes, and promptly traditional Chinese medicine comprises patent medicine, secret recipe, folk prescription etc.; Western medicine and biological preparation.Simultaneously correspondingly developed three class health nutrients,, still lacked according to popular causes of senescence now the health food that comprehensive study forms with multiple efficacies though respectively have certain effect.Aspect its preparation method, generally prolong with traditional method, seldom adopt modern scientific and technical result.
The objective of the invention is causes of senescence according to the traditional Chinese medical science " energy loss say " and modern age as " free radical theory ", adopt modern science and technology, Mycophyta, Chinese medicine and food with drug effect are combined, proposed to produce have improve one's physical development, the cost of the health nutrient of enhancing human body immunity power, slow down aging, the multiple efficacies such as suitable year that get rid of illness is low, with short production cycle, the extraction ratio height, the preparation method of good product quality.
Health nutrient of the present invention divides two classes, one class is by fungal preparation, medicinal food (Fructus Crataegi 10%, Ziziphi Spinosae 15%, Fructus Lycii 10%, Fructus Hordei Germinatus 10%, Poria 5%, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens 10%, Fructus Jujubae 10%, Cortex cinnamomi japonici (Ramulus Cinnamomi) 15%, anti-chrysanthemum 10%, longan 5%) trace element such as extract and activated calcium and selenium, germanium, by (weight) 25-45%:50-70%:2-10%(wherein trace element such as selenium, germanium account for 5-30ppm) mix and bias toward edible health nutrient; Another kind of is by fungal preparation, Chinese medicine (Radix Ginseng 10%, the Radix Astragali 10%, Caulis Spatholobi 8%, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi 8%, Fructus Corni 8%, Fructus Psoraleae 8%, Radix Et Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi 6% Cortex Cinnamomi 6%, the Cortex Eucommiae 6%, Herba Epimedii 8%, the Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae 8%, Radix Glycyrrhizae 14%) trace element such as extract and activated calcium and selenium, germanium, by (weight) 25-45%:50-70%:2-10%(wherein trace element such as selenium, germanium account for 5-30ppm) mix and bias toward medicinal health nutrient, its preparation method is characterised in that:
Fungal preparation adopts the biotechnology preparation, is about to fungus strain and is placed on and carries out biological submerged fermentation in the cultivation, forms mycelium, then mycelium and fermentation liquid concentrate drying (or smash mycelium after spray drying) final powder is broken to granularity≤0.15mm;
The preparation technology of medicinal food extract and Chinese medicine extract is identical, it is spilling in the essence of 50-70 degree that certain proportion raw material (medicinal food or Chinese medicine) mixing is soaked in concentration, spill the liquid level that the seminal fluid face did not have medicinal food mixture or Chinese medicine mixture, in temperature is under 70-85 ℃, reflux, extract, secondary (2 hours for the first time, 1 hour for the second time), concentrated then, dry extract, final powder is broken to granularity≤0.15mm;
Trace element such as activated calcium and selenium, germanium can be crushed to directly to add in the health nutrient or with it behind granularity≤0.074mm and join in the submerged fermentation process of Mycophyta strain.
As everyone knows, in China's traditional medicine, to Ganoderma, hedgehog hydnum, Lentinus Edodes, the existing deep understanding of fungis such as JINZHENGU, its health care, medicinal efficacy has obtained abundant affirmation, extraction with regard to its effective ingredient, adopted the artificial cultivation method of sporophore in the past, artificial culture as Ganoderma sporophore, this method needs 3-6 month, and sporophore is because the fibrosis height, bitterness is too dense to be unsuitable for doing medicine, raw-food material adopts biotechnology to make Ganderma lucidum strain submerged fermentation aerial mycelium only need two time-of-weeks, and, its mycelial nutritive value and drug effect all are better than sporophore and chew agreeable to the taste, bitterness is suitable, and is nutritious, is suitable for doing medicine, the raw material of food.
For the extraction of effective ingredient in Chinese medicine or the medicinal food, adopted water cooking and extraction method in the past, effective component extraction rate is low, can extract effective ingredient wherein after the employing reflow of alcohol extraction method to greatest extent, and ethanol is recyclable.Among the present invention, Chinese medicine extract accounts for the heavy 14-18% of raw material, and the medicinal food extract accounts for the heavy 18-25% of raw material.
Activated calcium in the health nutrient preferably adopts
Oyster class material, it can replenish the child and the middle-aged and elderly people health is required calcareous, easily be absorbed, trace element such as selenium, germanium can be pure the formation of element add, it can strengthen drug effect, particularly antitumaous effect, when in the fungi sweat, adding trace element such as activated calcium and selenium, germanium fashionable, by Fermentation, make its enrichment under biological agent, help changing into Organic substance, be more conducive to absorption of human body, bring into play due curative effect.
The present invention has following advantage and effect:
1, adopt biotechnology to produce fungal preparation, production cost is low, and the cycle is short, and product nutrient is abundanter, is more suitable for medicine, edible;
2, smart circumfluence method extraction method is spilt in employing, can extract effective ingredient and the recyclable utilization of ethanol in Chinese medicine or the medicinal food to greatest extent;
3, when joining trace element such as activated calcium and selenium, germanium in the fungi sweat, can make its enrichment and change organic compound under biological agent, easier is absorption of human body, brings into play due effect;
4, trace element such as fungi preparation, Chinese medicine extract (or medicinal food extract) and activated calcium and selenium, germanium are mixed after, can play the effect of comprehensive health care medicine, food.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
1, the preparation of fungal preparation
With the Ganderma lucidum strain is example, and it is clear that culture medium is that 10% wheat juice adds 10% soyabean milk,
Cultivation temperature: 28-31 ℃, each incubation time: 72-96 hour, adopt four fermentations step by step
Earlier 5 kairine sesame strains are placed the 250ml triangular flask, add 100ml wheat juice and the 150ml soyabean milk is clear, carrying out the first time cultivates, move to then and add 200ml wheat juice and 300ml soyabean milk in the triangular flask of 500ml and carry out the second time clearly and cultivate, move to again and add 40 liters of wheat juice in 100 liters the seed tank and 60 liters of soyabean milk are cultivated clearly for the third time, move to subsequently in 2000 liters the fermentation tank, it is clear and to add 50 kilograms of granularities be 0.074mm's to add 800 liters of wheat juice and 1200 liters of soyabean milk
Oyster powder and 0.9 gram particle degree are that pure selenium, the germanium of 0.074mm carries out fermentation culture the 4th time, and concentrated at last, dry fermentation liquid are crushed to granularity≤0.5mm and get 650 kilograms of Ganoderma preparations.
2, the preparation of Chinese medicine extract
With 100 gram Radix Ginsengs, the 100 gram Radixs Astragali, 80 gram Caulis Spatholobis, 80 gram Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, 80 Keshan Fructus Corni, 80 gram Fructus Psoraleaes, 60 gram Radix Et Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosis, 60 gram Cortex Cinnamomis, the 60 gram Cortexs Eucommiae, 80 gram Herba Epimedii, the 80 gram Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalaes, 140 gram Radix Glycyrrhizae mix homogeneously place the alembic of reflux, the ethanol that adds 2 liters of concentration, 60 degree, 75 ℃ of following backflow secondaries (2 hours for the first time, 1 hour for the second time) concentrated then, dry extraction liquid recovered alcohol, and obtain the solid-state Chinese medicine extract of 165 grams, at last it is crushed to granularity≤0.15mm.
3, the preparation of medicinal food extract
With 100 Keshan short, bristly hair or beards, 150 gram Ziziphi Spinosaes, 100 gram Fructus Lycii, 100 gram Fructus Hordei Germinatus, 50 gram Poria, 100 gram Rhizoma Zingiberis Recenss, 100 gram Fructus Jujubaes, 150 gram Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, the anti-chrysanthemum of 100 grams, 50 gram longan mixed the alembic place reflux, and adding 1.5 liters of concentration simultaneously is the ethanol of 60 degree, 75 ℃ of following backflow secondaries (2 hours for the first time, 1 hour for the second time), concentrate dry extraction liquid then, recovered alcohol obtains 200 gram solids extraction things, at last it is crushed to granularity≤0.15mm.
At last with Ganoderma preparation and medicinal food extract by 3:7(weight) mix promptly to make and bias toward edible health nutrient; With Ganoderma preparation and Chinese medicine extract by 3:7(weight) mix promptly to make and bias toward medicinal health nutrient.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of by fungal preparation, medicinal food (Fructus Crataegi 10%, Ziziphi Spinosae 15%, Fructus Lycii 10%, Fructus Hordei Germinatus 10%, Poria 5%, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens 10%, Fructus Jujubae 10%, skin 15% short of money, anti-chrysanthemum 10%, longan 5%) trace element such as extract and activated calcium and selenium, germanium is characterized in that by the preparation method that (weight) 25-45%: 50-70%: 2-10% (wherein trace element such as selenium, germanium accounts for 5-30ppm) mixes the health nutrient of forming:
A. adopt biotechnology to prepare fungal preparation: fungus strain to be placed on the culture medium, to carry out the deep layer biofermentation, form mycelium, then, with mycelium and fermentation liquid concentrate drying (or after smashing mycelium, spray drying), final powder is broken to granularity≤0.15mm;
B. the preparation technology of medicinal food extract is: the medicinal food of certain proportioning is mixed and be soaked in the ethanol that concentration is 50～70 degree, the ethanol liquid level did not have medicinal food, in temperature is 70～85 ℃ of following reflux, extract, secondaries (2 hours for the first time, 1 hour for the second time), concentrated then, dry extract, final powder is broken to granularity≤0.15mm;
C. trace element preparation methods such as activated calcium and selenium, germanium are: directly be crushed to add in the health nutrient or with it behind granularity≤0.074mm and join in the deep layer biological fermentation process of Mycophyta strain.
2, a kind of by fungal preparation, Chinese medicine (Radix Ginseng 10%, the Radix Astragali 10%, Caulis Spatholobi 8%, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi 8%, Fructus Corni 8%, Fructus Psoraleae 8%, Radix Et Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi 6%, Cortex Cinnamomi 6%, the Cortex Eucommiae 6%, Herba Epimedii 8%, the Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae 8%, Radix Glycyrrhizae 14%) trace element such as extract and activated calcium and selenium, germanium by (weight) 25%-45%:50-70%:2-10%(wherein trace element such as selenium, germanium be 5-30ppm) preparation method of health nutrient that mix to form, it is characterized in that:
A. adopt biotechnology to prepare fungi preparation; Fungus strain is placed on the culture medium, carries out the deep layer biofermentation and form mycelium, then, with mycelium and fermentation liquid concentrate drying (or after smashing mycelium, spray drying), final powder is broken to granularity≤0.05mm;
B. the preparation technology of Chinese medicine extract is: the Chinese medicine of said ratio is mixed and be soaked in the ethanol that concentration is the 50-70 degree, the ethanol liquid level did not have the Chinese medicine mixture, in temperature is under 70-85 ℃, reflux, extract, secondary (2 hours for the first time, 1 hour for the second time), concentrated then, dry extract, final powder is broken to granularity≤0.15mm;
C. trace element preparation methods such as activated calcium and selenium, germanium are: directly be crushed to add in the health nutrient or with it behind granularity≤0.074mm and join in the deep layer biological fermentation process of fungus strain.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN90107490A CN1059662A (en) | 1990-09-10 | 1990-09-10 | The preparation method of health nutrient |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN90107490A CN1059662A (en) | 1990-09-10 | 1990-09-10 | The preparation method of health nutrient |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1059662A true CN1059662A (en) | 1992-03-25 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN90107490A Pending CN1059662A (en) | 1990-09-10 | 1990-09-10 | The preparation method of health nutrient |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1059662A (en) |
Cited By (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1995018626A1 (en) * | 1994-01-08 | 1995-07-13 | Lushan Lin | A tonic drug made from basidiomycetes, algae, chinese herbal medicine and the method thereof |
| CN1044684C (en) * | 1993-08-09 | 1999-08-18 | 张经济 | Compound Chinese caterpillar fungus extract and prepn. therefor |
| CN1045524C (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1999-10-13 | 叶世平 | Edible fungus nutrient oral liquid and its preparing method |
| CN1046092C (en) * | 1993-09-06 | 1999-11-03 | 廖宗全 | Ox penis ointment |
| CN102132918A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-07-27 | 毕跃峰 | Heart-nourishing and nerve-soothing herbal drink and preparation method thereof |
| CN101366750B (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2012-07-04 | 北京冠五洲生物科学研究院 | Medicament composition for preventing birth defect and improving memory |
| CN101366776B (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2012-07-04 | 北京冠五洲生物科学研究院 | Medicament composition for preventing birth defection and improving memory |
| CN108651162A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-10-16 | 山东老来寿生物工程有限公司 | A kind of preparation method and products thereof of Antialcoholic liver-protecting Agricus blazei zymotic fluid |
| US10533155B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 | 2020-01-14 | Sustainable Bioproducts, Inc. | Filamentous fungal biomats, methods of their production and methods of their use |
| CN110841014A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-02-28 | 天津健康美生物科技有限公司 | Formula and preparation method of medicinal combined acupoint plaster for enhancing immunity |
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| US11297866B2 (en) | 2017-08-30 | 2022-04-12 | The Fynder Group, Inc. | Bioreactor system for the cultivation of filamentous fungal biomass |
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- 1990-09-10 CN CN90107490A patent/CN1059662A/en active Pending
Cited By (46)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1044684C (en) * | 1993-08-09 | 1999-08-18 | 张经济 | Compound Chinese caterpillar fungus extract and prepn. therefor |
| CN1046092C (en) * | 1993-09-06 | 1999-11-03 | 廖宗全 | Ox penis ointment |
| CN1045524C (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1999-10-13 | 叶世平 | Edible fungus nutrient oral liquid and its preparing method |
| WO1995018626A1 (en) * | 1994-01-08 | 1995-07-13 | Lushan Lin | A tonic drug made from basidiomycetes, algae, chinese herbal medicine and the method thereof |
| US11932584B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2024-03-19 | Ecovative Design Llc | Method of forming a mycological product |
| CN101366750B (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2012-07-04 | 北京冠五洲生物科学研究院 | Medicament composition for preventing birth defect and improving memory |
| CN101366776B (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2012-07-04 | 北京冠五洲生物科学研究院 | Medicament composition for preventing birth defection and improving memory |
| CN102132918A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-07-27 | 毕跃峰 | Heart-nourishing and nerve-soothing herbal drink and preparation method thereof |
| CN102132918B (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2012-07-04 | 毕跃峰 | Heart-nourishing and nerve-soothing herbal drink and preparation method thereof |
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| US10787638B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 | 2020-09-29 | The Fynder Group, Inc. | Filamentous fungal biomats, methods of their production and methods of their use |
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| US10590379B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 | 2020-03-17 | Sustainable Bioproducts, Inc. | Filamentous fungal biomats, methods of their production and methods of their use |
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| US11505779B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 | 2022-11-22 | The Fynder Group, Inc. | Filamentous fungal biomats, methods of their production and methods of their use |
| US12503576B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2025-12-23 | Ecovative Llc | Solution based post-processing methods for mycological biopolymer material and mycological product made thereby |
| US11359074B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2022-06-14 | Ecovative Design Llc | Solution based post-processing methods for mycological biopolymer material and mycological product made thereby |
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