CN1059542C - Preparation of microbial fermented stalk feed for reducing methane discharge of ruminant - Google Patents
Preparation of microbial fermented stalk feed for reducing methane discharge of ruminant Download PDFInfo
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 210000004767 rumen Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 8
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 6
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 6
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- QBKSWRVVCFFDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N gossypol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=C(O)C(O)=C(C=O)C2=C(O)C(C=3C(O)=C4C(C=O)=C(O)C(O)=C(C4=CC=3C)C(C)C)=C(C)C=C21 QBKSWRVVCFFDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194032 Enterococcus faecalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000199885 Lactobacillus bulgaricus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013960 Lactobacillus bulgaricus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000192001 Pediococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- QHOPXUFELLHKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thespesin Natural products CC(C)c1c(O)c(O)c2C(O)Oc3c(c(C)cc1c23)-c1c2OC(O)c3c(O)c(O)c(C(C)C)c(cc1C)c23 QHOPXUFELLHKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010006025 bovine growth hormone Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229930000755 gossypol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229950005277 gossypol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940004208 lactobacillus bulgaricus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007269 microbial metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000021243 milk fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020939 nutritional additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/22—Methane [CH4], e.g. from rice paddies
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Abstract
Description
本发明涉及畜牧用饲料，特别提供了一种可有效地减少反刍动物甲烷排放、用微生物发酵处理秸秆饲料的技术。The invention relates to feed for animal husbandry, and in particular provides a technology capable of effectively reducing methane emission of ruminants and treating straw feed with microorganism fermentation.
一头牛每天约排放甲烷200～300升，全球反刍动物每年约向大气排放65～85Tg(1Tg＝109吨)甲烷，是全球甲烷排放量的15～25％，因此，反刍动物是甲烷的一个重要的人为发生源。反刍动物排放甲烷和它们特有的消化方式有关，甲烷产量与饲料成份及营养平衡程度有关，低质粗饲料甲烷产生量大。因此，控制反刍动物秸秆消化过程中的甲烷排放具有经济和环境的双重意义。减少反刍动物甲烷排放措施大致有六种：①使用化学药品减少瘤胃甲烷生成量，这种方法目前仅适合在发达国家中使用；②补充营养元素提高瘤胃微生物生长率，但需额外购买营养添加剂；③控制瘤胃原生虫，目前还没有可行的方法；④使用生长和性能促进剂，牛生长素(bST)和类固醇等物质，加速生长，改善动物性能，但对肉用牛、奶牛品质的影响值得考虑；⑤改变日粮成份，选用过瘤胃蛋白，避免在瘤胃中发酵，解决不了粗饲料在瘤胃中发酵所产生的甲烷；⑥处理秸秆提高消化率，这是目前被认为最适合我国国情，充分利用饲料资源的方法。处理秸秆的方法一般分物理加工法、化学加工法、微生物发酵法三大类，微生物发酵法是目前在秸秆饲料上开发研究的重点方向。专利检索到几种用微生物发酵复合菌处理秸秆的方法，但无一考虑减少反刍动物甲烷排放问题。A cow emits about 200-300 liters of methane per day, and ruminants around the world emit about 65-85 Tg (1 Tg = 10 9 tons) of methane into the atmosphere every year, which is 15-25% of the global methane emissions. Therefore, ruminants are a part of methane important anthropogenic sources. The methane emission of ruminants is related to their unique digestion methods, the methane production is related to the feed composition and nutritional balance, and the low-quality roughage produces a large amount of methane. Therefore, controlling methane emissions during ruminant straw digestion has both economic and environmental significance. There are roughly six measures to reduce methane emissions from ruminants: ① Use chemicals to reduce rumen methane production, which is currently only suitable for use in developed countries; ② Supplement nutrients to increase the growth rate of rumen microorganisms, but additional nutritional additives need to be purchased; ③There is currently no feasible method to control rumen protozoa; ④Use growth and performance promoters, bovine growth hormone (bST) and steroids to accelerate growth and improve animal performance, but the impact on the quality of beef cattle and dairy cattle is worthwhile Consider; ⑤ Change the composition of the diet, choose rumen-passed protein, avoid fermentation in the rumen, and can not solve the methane produced by the fermentation of roughage in the rumen; ⑥ Treat straw to improve digestibility, which is currently considered to be the most suitable for China's national conditions and make full use of it. Feed resource method. Straw processing methods are generally divided into three categories: physical processing, chemical processing, and microbial fermentation. Microbial fermentation is currently the key direction for the development and research of straw feed. The patent retrieved several methods of treating straw with microbial fermentation compound bacteria, but none of them considered reducing methane emissions from ruminants.
本发明的目的在于提供一种微生物发酵秸秆饲料的生产技术，其产品可以显著地减少反刍动物甲烷排放量，并且生产成本不高，牲畜食用后肉、奶的品质不受影响。The object of the present invention is to provide a production technology of microbial fermentation straw feed, the product of which can significantly reduce the methane emission of ruminants, and the production cost is not high, and the quality of meat and milk after livestock eating is not affected.
本发明提供了一种可减少反刍动物甲烷排放的微生物发酵秸秆饲料的制备方法，采用一般的微生物发酵处理秸秆技术，其特征在于：在微生物处理前，向秸秆中添加0.5～1.5％重量的丙酸；为进一步减少甲烷排放，经微生物发酵处理后的微化饲料可再与棉籽饼混配，棉籽饼所占比例为25～35％重量。The invention provides a method for preparing microbially fermented straw feed that can reduce methane emissions from ruminants. It adopts the general microbial fermentation technology for treating straw. acid; in order to further reduce methane emissions, the micronized feed after microbial fermentation treatment can be mixed with cottonseed cake, and the proportion of cottonseed cake is 25-35% by weight.
本发明所涉及的微生物发酵处理选用了吉林农业大学动物科学系提供的″新一代干秸秆饲料生物调制剂″，它是由植物乳秆菌、乳酸片球菌、粪链球菌和保加利亚乳秆菌组成，这四种菌都是已认明可直接饲喂的微生物，且属于益生素类微生态制剂，进入动物胃肠后，能抑制有害微生物生长，促进有益微生物生长，这在微生物的作用方式上属优势种群学说，从微生物代谢方式上看，产生乳酸，特别对新生仔畜非常有益。一般来说，每单位可消化饲料在瘤胃中产生甲烷受两个因素影响，即瘤胃中丙酸盐的生成量和瘤胃中微生物的生长率。提高瘤胃中丙酸盐的生长量和瘤胃中微生物的生长率都可有效地降低每单位饲料的甲烷生成量。选用丙酸处理秸秆首先是为保持饲料品质，不使发生霉变损失，因为霉菌生长繁殖要消耗饲料中最容易利用的营养物质；其次是增加丙酸盐的含量。The microbial fermentation process involved in the present invention selects the "New Generation Dry Straw Feed Biological Modulator" provided by the Animal Science Department of Jilin Agricultural University, which is composed of plant Lactobacillus, Pediococcus lactis, Streptococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus bulgaricus , these four kinds of bacteria are all microorganisms that have been recognized as direct feeding, and belong to probiotic microecological preparations. After entering the gastrointestinal tract of animals, they can inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms and promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms. It belongs to the dominant population theory. From the perspective of microbial metabolism, the production of lactic acid is very beneficial to newborn animals. In general, the production of methane per unit of digestible feed in the rumen is affected by two factors, namely, the amount of propionate produced in the rumen and the growth rate of microorganisms in the rumen. Increasing the growth of propionate in the rumen and the growth rate of microorganisms in the rumen were effective in reducing the amount of methanogenesis per unit of feed. The use of propionic acid to treat straw is firstly to maintain the feed quality and prevent mildew loss, because the growth and reproduction of mold consumes the most easily available nutrients in the feed; secondly, it increases the content of propionate.
如果丙酸添加量小于0.5％，则达不到抑制霉菌效果，对降低甲烷产生量也不起作用。丙酸添加量达到2～5％，微化处理秸秆，并补充棉籽饼，制成粗饲料可降低甲烷至350公斤以下，但这样一是增加了成本，二是丙酸浓度和乳汁的乳脂率有相当大的关系，随丙酸浓度增高，乳脂率下降，所以增加丙酸浓度得不偿失。If the amount of propionic acid added is less than 0.5%, the effect of inhibiting mold cannot be achieved, and the reduction of methane production is also ineffective. The amount of propionic acid added reaches 2-5%. The straw is treated micronized and cottonseed cake is supplemented to make roughage, which can reduce methane to less than 350 kg. There is a considerable relationship, as the concentration of propionic acid increases, the milk fat rate decreases, so increasing the concentration of propionic acid is not worth the candle.
如果过瘤胃蛋白棉籽饼的含量超过35％重量，棉籽饼中的游离棉酚会对黄牛造成毒害。如果棉籽饼添加量小于25％，黄牛增重慢，产甲烷也相应增加到450～500公斤。If the content of the rumen-passing protein cottonseed cake exceeds 35% by weight, the free gossypol in the cottonseed cake will cause poisoning to cattle. If the amount of cottonseed cake added is less than 25%, the weight gain of the cattle will be slow, and the methane production will increase to 450-500 kg accordingly.
下面通过实施例详述本发明。The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples.
实施例1Example 1
秸秆微贮前，每吨铡短秸秆添加1％的丙酸；选用吉林农业大学动物科学系提供的″新一代干秸秆饲料生物调制剂″进行干秸秆微生物发酵处理；发酵处理具体步骤：①菌种复活，干秸秆生物调制剂每袋8克(含活菌数20亿以上)，可处理干秸秆(玉米秸、稻草、麦秸)1吨。用400毫升1％白糖水充分溶解菌剂，在常温下放置2～3小时，使菌种复活。②装窑：从窑底分层进行装料(每层装粉碎秸秆30厘米厚)，分层喷洒菌液(复活后的菌种加入到含0.77％的食盐水中)，喷洒量使秸秆含水量达到60～70％，分层压实，给发酵菌繁殖造成厌氧环境。③封窑：秸秆分层压实后直到高出窑口30～40厘米，再充分压实，在最上面一层均匀洒上食盐粉(每平方米250克确保上部不发生霉变)，盖上塑料布，再撒20～30厘米厚干秸秆，覆土15～20厘米，密封，保证窑内呈厌氧状态。一般在20℃左右15天可完成发酵过程，0℃左右需21天，最终制得饲料(I)。实施例2饲料(I)补充30％的过瘤胃蛋白，制成饲料(II)。下面为实际饲养黄牛的结果。采食不进行处理(仅铡短)的秸秆，黄牛体重每增加1吨产甲烷1200公斤。采食经氨化处理的秸秆，黄牛每增加体重1吨，产甲烷低于700公斤。采食经微化处理的秸秆，每增体重1吨，产甲烷600公斤。采食饲料(I)，每增体重1吨，产甲烷低于500公斤。采食饲料(II)，甲烷生成量可降至400公斤以下。Before micro-storage of straw, add 1% propionic acid per ton of short straw; select the "New Generation Dry Straw Feed Biomodulator" provided by the Department of Animal Science of Jilin Agricultural University to carry out microbial fermentation treatment of dry straw; specific steps of fermentation treatment: ① Bacteria Seed resurrection, 8 grams per bag of dry straw biomodulator (containing more than 2 billion viable bacteria), can process 1 ton of dry straw (corn straw, rice straw, wheat straw). Fully dissolve the bacterial agent with 400 ml of 1% sugar water, and place it at room temperature for 2 to 3 hours to revive the bacterial species. ② Loading the kiln: loading materials from the bottom of the kiln in layers (each layer is filled with crushed straw 30 cm thick), spraying the bacterial solution layer by layer (the revived bacteria are added to the salt water containing 0.77%), and the amount of spraying makes the moisture content of the straw Reaching 60-70%, layered compaction creates an anaerobic environment for the reproduction of fermentation bacteria. ③ Sealing the kiln: After the straw is layered and compacted until it is 30-40 cm higher than the kiln mouth, it is fully compacted, and the top layer is evenly sprinkled with salt powder (250 grams per square meter to ensure that the upper part does not go moldy), and the cover Cover with plastic cloth, sprinkle 20-30 cm thick dry straw, cover with soil 15-20 cm, and seal to ensure that the kiln is in an anaerobic state. Generally, the fermentation process can be completed in about 15 days at about 20°C, and it takes 21 days at about 0°C to finally obtain the feed (I). Example 2 Feed (I) was supplemented with 30% rumen-passed protein to prepare feed (II). The following is the result of actually raising cattle. Feed the straw that is not treated (only shortened), and the weight of cattle will produce 1200 kg of methane per ton. When feeding on ammoniated straw, cattle will produce less than 700 kg of methane for every 1 ton of body weight gained. Feed the micro-treated straw, and for every ton of weight gain, 600 kg of methane will be produced. Feed (I), for every 1 ton of weight gain, the methane production is less than 500 kg. Feed (II), methane production can be reduced to below 400 kg.
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| CN97117252A CN1059542C (en) | 1997-09-05 | 1997-09-05 | Preparation of microbial fermented stalk feed for reducing methane discharge of ruminant |
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| FR2933191B1 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2010-06-25 | Valorisation Par Extrusion | METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE QUANTITY OF METHANE PRODUCED BY A DAIRY RUMINANT AND METHOD FOR DECREASING AND CONTROLLING SUCH QUANTITY |
| US8784871B2 (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2014-07-22 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Nitrooxy alkanoic acids and derivatives thereof in feed for reducing methane emission in ruminants, and/or to improve ruminant performance |
| FR2961907B1 (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2012-07-27 | Valorex Sa | METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE QUANTITY OF METHANE PRODUCED BY A RUMINANT SAID "A MEAT" |
| FR2966603B1 (en) * | 2010-10-21 | 2012-11-16 | Valorex Sa | METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE QUANTITY OF METHANE PRODUCED BY A DAIRY RUMINANT |
| US8673219B2 (en) * | 2010-11-10 | 2014-03-18 | Invention Science Fund I | Nasal passage insertion device for treatment of ruminant exhalations |
| EP2644038A1 (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2013-10-02 | DSM IP Assets B.V. | Use of para nitro amino derivatives in feed for reducing meth-ane emission in ruminants |
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| JPS4927791B1 (en) * | 1969-12-03 | 1974-07-20 |
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| JPS4927791B1 (en) * | 1969-12-03 | 1974-07-20 |
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