CN105885097A - 一种硬质交联防火保温纳米纤维素泡沫 - Google Patents
一种硬质交联防火保温纳米纤维素泡沫 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种硬质交联防火保温纳米纤维素泡沫，属于材料领域，该泡沫至少通过纳米纤维素晶体、交联剂、增强纤维制备获得，该泡沫各向同性，纳米纤维素晶体自组装到球形结构中排列，该泡沫强度为1.2～2.7MPa，密度为140～230Kg/m3，泡沫中纳米纤维素晶体所占质量百分比为55％～93％，交联剂所占质量百分比为1％～3％，增强纤维所占质量百分比为6％～42％。本发明以纳米纤维素为主体材料，制备的泡沫可降解、可再生、绿色环保；泡沫保温性能优异，且防火等级高；制备纳米纤维素的原料来自自然界，来源广泛，且可再生，从而使得整个泡沫的生产成本较低，易于实现工业化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及材料领域，具体地说涉及一种具有防火保温特性的硬质交联防火保温纳米纤维素泡沫。
背景技术
纳米纤维素是一种新型的生物质基纳米材料，可在水中分散形成稳定悬浮液，也被称为纤维素微晶、纤维素晶须、纤维素纳米晶体或纳米纤维素晶体。具有诸多优良性能，如较大的化学反应活性、高纯度、高聚合度、高结晶度、高亲水性、高杨氏模量、高强度、超精细结构和高透明性等。其次，由于NCC尺寸达纳米级别，故还能产生量子尺寸效应，界面效应，宏观量子隧道效应等。因纳米纤维素具有上述优异特性，加之具有生物材料的轻质、可降解、生物相容及可再生等特性，故其具有巨大的应用前景。目前，针对纳米纤维素的应用开发，主要还集中于将其作为复合材料的增强相，制备高性能的复合材料。
现有的纳米纤维泡沫技术仅仅添加少量、单一的纳米纤维素，没有充分利用到纳米纤维素本身的优异性能。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明的目的是提供一种具有防火保温特性的硬质交联防火保温纳米纤维素泡沫。
技术方案：为了实现上述发明目的，本发明的一种硬质交联防火保温纳米纤维素泡沫，其特征在于：至少通过纳米纤维素晶体、交联剂、增强纤维制备获得，该泡沫各向同性，纳米纤维素晶体自组装到球形结构中排列，该泡沫强度为1.2～2.7MPa，密度为140～230Kg/m3，泡沫中纳米纤维素晶体所占质量百分比为55％～93％，交联剂所占质量百分比为1％～3％，增强纤维所占质量百分比为6％～42％。
所述纳米纤维素晶体包括细菌纤维素晶体、动物纳米纤维素晶体、植物纳米纤维素晶体中的任意一种或多种的组合。
所述纳米纤维素晶体形貌为棒状、针状、片状、球形、微纤维丝的任意一种，晶体长度为150～400nm，直径为5～25nm；纳米纤维素晶体表面经疏水性基团化学改性，基团取代度为0.6～1。
所述交联剂包括三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物乳液、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的任意一种或多种的组合。
所述增强纤维包括玻璃纤维、植物微纤丝、聚乳酸纤维、聚己内酯纤维中的任意一种或多种的组合。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
(1)以纳米纤维素为主体材料，制备的泡沫可降解、可再生、绿色环保；
(2)泡沫保温性能优异，且防火等级高；
(3)制备纳米纤维素的原料来自自然界，来源广泛，且可再生，从而使得整个泡沫的生产成本较低，易于实现工业化。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明，应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定。
实施例1
一种硬质交联防火保温纳米纤维素泡沫，通过纳米纤维素晶体、交联剂、增强纤维通过冰模板法制备获得，该泡沫各向同性，纳米纤维素晶体所占质量百分比为55％，交联剂所占质量百分比为3％，增强纤维所占质量百分比为42％。纳米纤维素晶体为细菌纤维素，其晶体形貌为微纤维丝，晶体长度为200nm，直径为25nm，晶体表面经疏水性基团化学改性，基团取代度为1。交联剂为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物乳液，增强纤维为玻璃纤维。最终制得的泡沫的压缩强度为2.5MPa，密度为210Kg/m3。
实施例2
一种硬质交联防火保温纳米纤维素泡沫，通过纳米纤维素晶体、交联剂、增强纤维通过冰模板法制备获得，该泡沫各向同性，纳米纤维素晶体所占质量百分比为74％，交联剂所占质量百分比为2％，增强纤维所占质量百分比为24％。纳米纤维素晶体为动物纳米纤维素，其晶体形貌为棒状，晶体长度为300nm，直径为15nm，晶体表面经疏水性基团化学改性，基团取代度为0.8。交联剂为三聚氰胺甲醛树脂，增强纤维为植物微纤丝。最终制得的泡沫的压缩强度为2.0MPa，密度为180Kg/m3。
实施例3
一种硬质交联防火保温纳米纤维素泡沫，通过纳米纤维素晶体、交联剂、增强纤维通过冰模板法制备获得，该泡沫各向同性，纳米纤维素晶体所占质量百分比为93％，交联剂所占质量百分比为1％，增强纤维所占质量百分比为6％。纳米纤维素晶体为植物纳米纤维素晶体，其晶体形貌为棒状，晶体长度为400nm，直径为5nm，晶体表面经疏水性基团化学改性，基团取代度为0.6。交联剂为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，增强纤维为聚乳酸纤维。最终制得的泡沫的压缩强度为1.65MPa，密度为165Kg/m3。
上述仅为本发明的三个具体实施方式，但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此，凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动，均应属于侵犯本发明保护的范围的行为。但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何形式的简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种硬质交联防火保温纳米纤维素泡沫，其特征在于：至少通过纳米纤维素晶体、交联剂、增强纤维制备获得，该泡沫各向同性，纳米纤维素晶体自组装到球形结构中排列，该泡沫强度为1.2～2.7MPa，密度为140～230Kg/m3，泡沫中纳米纤维素晶体所占质量百分比为55％～93％，交联剂所占质量百分比为1％～3％，增强纤维所占质量百分比为6％～42％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的硬质交联防火保温纳米纤维素泡沫，其特征在于：所述纳米纤维素晶体包括细菌纤维素晶体、动物纳米纤维素晶体、植物纳米纤维素晶体中的任意一种或多种的组合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的硬质交联防火保温纳米纤维素泡沫，其特征在于：所述纳米纤维素晶体形貌为棒状、针状、片状、球形、微纤维丝的任意一种，晶体长度为150～400nm，直径为5～25nm；纳米纤维素晶体表面经疏水性基团化学改性，基团取代度为0.6～1。
4.根据权利要求3所述的硬质交联防火保温纳米纤维素泡沫，其特征在于：所述交联剂包括三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物乳液、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的任意一种或多种的组合。
5.根据权利要求3所述的硬质交联防火保温纳米纤维素泡沫，其特征在于：所述增强纤维包括玻璃纤维、植物微纤丝、聚乳酸纤维、聚己内酯纤维中的任意一种或多种的组合。
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