CN105861135A - 绿色金属切削液及其制备方法 - Google Patents
绿色金属切削液及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105861135A CN105861135A CN201610231379.6A CN201610231379A CN105861135A CN 105861135 A CN105861135 A CN 105861135A CN 201610231379 A CN201610231379 A CN 201610231379A CN 105861135 A CN105861135 A CN 105861135A
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- Prior art keywords
- metal cutting
- cutting fluid
- ether
- agent
- surfactant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000013556 antirust agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- -1 polyol ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- WVRNUXJQQFPNMN-VAWYXSNFSA-N 3-[(e)-dodec-1-enyl]oxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C1CC(=O)OC1=O WVRNUXJQQFPNMN-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- AMZKGJLFYCZDMJ-WRBBJXAJSA-N [2,2-dimethyl-3-[(z)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxypropyl] (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C)(C)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC AMZKGJLFYCZDMJ-WRBBJXAJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCO JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- COBPKKZHLDDMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCO COBPKKZHLDDMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 3
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- SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound COCCOCCO SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CGKQZIULZRXRRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylone Chemical compound CCC(NC)C(=O)C1=CC=C2OCOC2=C1 CGKQZIULZRXRRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PCHPORCSPXIHLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenhydramine hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCC[NH+](C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 PCHPORCSPXIHLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/048—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M2207/28—Esters
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- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
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- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/401—Fatty vegetable or animal oils used as base material
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M2215/226—Morpholines
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- C10M2215/26—Amines
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- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种绿色金属切削液及其制备方法。一种绿色金属切削液,基于所述金属切削液的重量,按重量百分比计算,其含有以下组分:基础油18%‑30%非离子表面活性剂30%‑45%阴离子表面活性剂5.0%‑10.0%复合防锈剂6%‑11%耦合剂3.6%‑5%极压剂4.5%‑7%消泡剂0.1%‑0.2%杀菌剂0.8%‑2.5%余量为水。本发明的绿色金属切削液不含亚硝酸盐、重金属、有毒溶剂等组分,属于绿色环保产品,表现出优异的清洗性、防锈性、乳化稳定性和良好的消泡性,同时在润滑、抑菌方面也有独特的优势,并且其废液易于处理,可通过破乳后按一般工业废水处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及金属切削加工技术领域,尤其涉及一种绿色金属切削液及其制备方法。
背景技术
环境资源问题是当前人类面临的一个重要问题。切削液广泛使用在现代金属切削加工中,成为机械加工不可或缺的重要配套材料。传统的金属切削液大多以矿物油为基础油,其生物降解性差,能长期滞留在水和土壤中,会对环境造成不良影响,不宜作为绿色切削液基础油。此外金属切削液的添加剂对环境的影响也是多方面的,如短链氯化石蜡是海水污染物之一,防锈剂亚硝酸钠会对人体产生致癌性,磷酸盐是水基切削液常用的防锈剂,但研究证明磷酸盐的积累会使河流、湖泊因富营养化而发生赤潮。因此,研制开发并推广应用对环境无污染、使用过程不损害人体健康、具有生物降解性的绿色切削液,减少切削液的环境污染指数等问题已经成为绿色制造领域的研究热点之一。然而在制备绿色微乳化金属切削液时,本发明人发现微乳化液的防锈性是配方实现的难点。一般对于乳化剂来讲,只要本身不具有防锈作用,对水溶性防锈剂的防锈作用就会存在一定的干扰。除此之外,配方的实现还需满足亲水亲油平衡(HLB)、酸碱平衡、辅助添加剂不破坏体系的平衡、防锈防腐平衡等。因此,微乳化金属切削液的研制还得多靠实践去摸索和检验。
发明内容
发明的目的
本发明的目的是提供一种对环境无污染、使用过程不损害人体健康、具有生物降解性的绿色金属切削液及其制备方法。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明提供一种绿色金属切削液,基于所述金属切削液的重量,按重量百分比计算,其含有以下组分:
基础油18%-30%,优选20%-30%
非离子表面活性剂30%-45%,优选35%-45%
阴离子表面活性剂5.0%-10.0%,优选5.5%-9.5%
复合防锈剂6%-11%,优选6%-9%
耦合剂3.6%-5%,优选4%-5%
极压剂4.5%-7%,优选4.5%-6%
杀菌剂0.8%-2.5%,优选0.8%-2.0%
消泡剂0.1%-0.2%,余量为水
其中所述基础油为多元醇酯、棕榈酸甲酯和环氧大豆油中的一种或几种。
所述非离子表面活性剂为聚氧乙烯醚类表面活性剂和特殊醇表面活性剂EH-9中的一种或几种。
所述阴离子表面活性剂为石油磺酸钠。
所述复合防锈剂为硼酸单乙醇胺酯与胺盐按质量比1:1~1:3组成的混合物,其中所述胺盐通过将十二烯基琥珀酸酐或直链烯基二羧酸酐科莱恩Genapur ASA与三乙醇胺或二甘醇胺按质量比1:1~1:3混合而获得。
所述耦合剂为多元醇醚类与异构十六醇组成的混合物。
所述极压剂为阴离子改性聚醚。
所述消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂或聚醚消泡剂。
所述杀菌剂为吗啉衍生物、碘代丙炔基氨基甲酸丁酯和1,3,5-三(2-羟乙基)-六氢-三嗪中的一种或几种。
另外,本发明还提供上述绿色金属切削液的制备方法,其包括:在基础油中,加入阴离子表面活性剂、极压剂并加热到50-60℃,搅拌均匀后停止加热,加入消泡剂、杀菌剂与复合防锈剂的组合物和水并搅拌,再依次加入非离子表面活性剂和耦合剂,并搅拌直至外观澄清透明,即得绿色金属切削液。
本发明相对于现有技术的有益效果是:
本发明所使用基础油、复合防锈剂、表面活性剂等材料都属于生物降解类型的材料,不含亚硝酸盐、重金属、有毒溶剂等组分,所制备的切削液产品属于国家支持的绿色环保产品,产品零排放,对环境无污染;
进一步,本发明配方科学合理,通过调整各种添加剂的含量使得各组分进行特殊复配,最大限度发挥作用,并使所得制备的切削液表现出优异的清洗性、防锈性、乳化稳定性和良好的消泡性,同时在润滑、抑菌方面也有独特的优势,可广泛应用于各种加工材料。另外其废液易于处理,可通过破乳后按一般工业废水处理。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
本发明提供一种绿色金属切削液,其含有以下组分:基础油、非离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、复合防锈剂、耦合剂、极压剂、消泡剂、杀菌剂和水。以下详细描述本发明绿色金属切削液的上述组分的具体实例、作用效果和优选含量。需要说明的是,涉及含量的“%”是指“重量%”。
基础油
传统的金属切削液大多以矿物油为基础油,其生物降解性差,会对环境造成不良影响。本发明中使用的基础油属于生物降解类型的材料,对环境无污染。具体地,本发明的基础油为多元醇酯、棕榈酸甲酯和环氧大豆油中的一种或几种。其中多元醇酯比其他酯类基础油具有较高的黏度,优异的氧化安定性、热稳定性、极压抗磨、润滑性能等,其应用广泛。植物油分子中含有大量的碳碳双键,具有较差的植物油氧化稳定性。环氧大豆油经改性后,氧化稳定性显著提高。所述多元醇酯优选包括季戊四醇油酸酯(PETO-A)、三羟甲基丙烷羧酸酯和新戊二醇二油酸酯。所述三羟甲基丙烷羧酸酯优选包括三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三硬脂酸酯和三羟甲基丙烷椰子油酸酯。
基于金属切削液的重量,本发明的基础油的含量为18%-30%,优选20%-30%。如果基础油的含量小于18%,则体系减磨效果不佳;如果基础油的含量大于30%,则体系较难乳化。
非离子表面活性剂
本发明中使用的非离子表面活性剂为聚氧乙烯醚类表面活性剂和特殊醇表面活性剂EH-9中的一种或几种。上述聚氧乙烯醚类表面活性剂和特殊醇表面活性剂易溶于水,对基础油均有较好的乳化、分散、润湿性能,无特殊气味,无污染。上述特殊醇表面活性剂具有优异的渗透、润湿、乳化性能,低泡沫,无特殊气味,具有优异的配伍性。所述聚氧乙烯醚类表面活性剂优选包括脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚。其中,所述脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚优选包括直链脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚AEO-7和AEO-9。所述烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚优选包括TX-9、TX-10(TX-9、TX-10为商品名,江苏海安石化有限公司生产)。
基于金属切削液的重量,本发明的非离子表面活性剂的含量为30%-45%,优选35%-45%。如果非离子表面活性剂的含量小于30%,则体系较难形成微乳化液;如果非离子表面活性剂的含量大于45%,则体系泡沫增多,对机床的侵蚀性加重。
阴离子表面活性剂
本发明所使用的阴离子表面活性剂为石油磺酸钠。石油磺酸钠使用广泛,不但有助于油水体系平衡,还有防锈效果。基于所述金属切削液的重量,本发明的阴离子表面活性剂的含量为5.0%-10.0%,优选5.5%-9.5%。如果阴离子表面活性剂的含量小于5.0%,则乳化颗粒大小难以达到0.05微米以下;如果阴离子表面活性剂的含量大于10.0%,则由于阴离子表面活性剂易起泡,易造成切削液冷却性下降。尽管阴离子表面活性剂乳化性能好,并有一定的渗透和润湿性,但因抗硬水性差、易起泡,不宜添加过多阴离子表面活性剂。因此,通常把非离子表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂两者复配使用,以获取最佳的分散、乳化效果。
非离子表面活性剂聚氧乙烯醚类表面活性剂或上述特殊醇表面活性剂(HLB值均在12~14之间)与阴离子表面活性剂石油磺酸钠(HLB值在11.0左右)两者合理复配。当复合乳化剂的HLB值与被乳化的体系中其余组分的HLB值相匹配时,即所得金属切削液的HLB值达到10~13时,体系亲水亲油平衡。浓缩物无分层,无相变,高低温性能稳定,其5%稀释液放置7天后仍均匀透明。
复合防锈剂
传统的金属切削液通常使用亚硝酸钠作为防锈剂,而亚硝酸钠会对人体产生致癌性。磷酸盐是水基切削液常用的防锈剂,但磷酸盐会使河流、湖泊发生赤潮。在本发明的绿色金属切削液中,使用的防锈剂不含亚硝酸盐和磷酸盐。具体地,本发明的复合防锈剂为硼酸单乙醇胺酯与胺盐按质量比1:1~1:3,优选1:1~1:2,更优选质量比为1:1组成的混合物,其中所述胺盐优选为十二烯基琥珀酸酐或直链烯基二羧酸酐科莱恩Genapur ASA与三乙醇胺或二甘醇胺按质量比1:1~1:3,优选质量比为1:2.5的混合物。此处三乙醇胺或二甘醇胺稍过量,一方面是为了使反应充分进行,另一方面确保反应产物为碱性,避免后续体系为酸性或中性,需再次添加醇胺以达到PH为8~10。优选将上述十二烯基琥珀酸酐或直链烯基二羧酸酐与三乙醇胺或二甘醇胺在50℃-60℃下搅拌获得,搅拌时间优选0.5h以上,更优选1h。胺盐防锈剂分子中不但有起防锈作用的极性基团,而且具有一定的水溶性。硼酸单乙醇胺酯不但具有优良的防锈性能,而且油膜强度高,摩擦系数低,具有优良的减摩抗磨功能。二者合理复配,在提高防锈能力的同时也有效减少了试剂用量。
基于金属切削液的重量,本发明的复合防锈剂的含量为6%-11%,优选6%-9%。如果复合防锈剂的含量小于6%,则导致防锈效果不良;如果复合防锈剂的含量大于11%,则影响防锈-润滑性能的平衡。
耦合剂
本发明中使用的耦合剂为多元醇醚类与异构十六醇组成的混合物。多元醇醚类耦合剂泡沫低,具有更好的冻融稳定性。异构十六醇生物稳定性好,与添加剂具有较好的配伍性,二者复配使用可有效保持体系稳定性,降低表面活性剂用量。所述多元醇醚类优选为乙二醇丁醚、二乙醇丁醚、二乙二醇甲醚、三乙二醇甲醚、二乙二醇乙醚、三乙二醇乙醚、二乙二醇丁醚、三乙二醇丁醚、二乙二醇己醚中的任意一种。其中,优选使用乙二醇丁醚或二乙醇丁醚与异构十六醇组成的混合物。多元醇醚与异构十六醇的混合比以质量比计为1:1至1:3。
基于金属切削液的重量,本发明的耦合剂的含量为3.6%-5%,优选4.0%-5%。如果耦合剂的含量小于3.6%,则体系透明度不佳;如果耦合剂的含量大于5%,则会使各组分无法充分发挥原有的功能,影响切削液的性能。
此外,通过阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂和耦合剂复配,三者协同作用,可以达到体系亲水亲油平衡,降低表面活性剂用量,具有更好的乳化稳定性的技术效果。进一步,选用阴离子表面活性剂与非离子表面活性剂复配可保证体系电荷平衡,避免发生中和反应,产生沉淀而失效。
极压剂
本发明中使用的极压剂为阴离子改性聚醚(例如PAG,PAG为商品名)。基于金属切削液的重量,本发明的极压剂的含量为4.5%-7%,优选4.5%-6%。如果极压剂的含量小于4.5%,则极压润滑性效果不佳,摩擦系数较大;如果极压剂的含量大于7%,则产品成本增加。
消泡剂
本发明中使用的消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂或聚醚消泡剂(例如DF-103,DF-103为商品名)。基于金属切削液的重量,本发明的消泡剂的含量为0.1%-0.2%。如果消泡剂的含量小于0.1%,则消泡效果不良;如果消泡剂的含量大于0.2%,则影响体系平衡。
杀菌剂
本发明使用的杀菌剂为吗啉衍生物MBM、碘代丙炔基氨基甲酸丁酯和1,3,5-三(2-羟乙基)-六氢-三嗪中的一种或几种。其中,优选使用吗啉衍生物MBM、碘代丙炔基氨基甲酸丁酯。杀菌剂MBM为专门针对水基金属加工液开发的新一代广谱低毒性杀菌剂,是金属加工液中广泛使用的一种杀菌剂,其化学结构为吗啉衍生物。
基于金属切削液的重量,本发明的杀菌剂的含量为0.8%-2.5%,优选0.8%-2.0%。如果杀菌剂的含量小于0.8%,则杀菌效果不良;如果杀菌剂的含量大于2.5%,则产品成本增加,影响与其他组分兼容性。
通过将上述性能良好的各组分进行组合并调整它们的含量,使所得切削液具有优异的清洗性、防锈性、乳化稳定性,并且在润滑、抑菌方面也有独特的优势。另外,由于上述组分均为生物降解类型的材料,所以其废液易于处理,对环境无污染。
以下描述本发明的绿色金属切削液的制备方法。
本发明的绿色金属切削液的制备方法包括:在基础油中,加入阴离子表面活性剂、极压剂并加热到50-60℃,搅拌均匀后停止加热,加入消泡剂、杀菌剂与复合防锈剂的组合物和水并以60r/min的转速连续搅拌,再依次加入非离子表面活性剂和耦合剂,并搅拌直至外观澄清透明,即得绿色金属切削液。
实施例
实施例1
本实施例的绿色型金属切削液的组成及含量如表1所示。
本实施例的绿色型金属切削液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将季戊四醇油酸酯(PETO-A)20g(聊城瑞捷化学有限公司,下同)、阴离子表面活性剂石油磺酸钠5.5g(上海渤大化工有限公司,下同)、极压剂阴离子改性聚醚PAG 4.5g(南京古田化工有限公司,下同)加入玻璃杯,加热到50℃,搅拌均匀后停止加热。
(2)加入硼酸单乙醇胺酯(上海振威化工有限公司,下同)与胺盐的按质量比1:1组成的混合物6g,杀菌剂吗啉衍生物MBM 1g(苏州凯美斯化学材料有限公司,下同),聚醚消泡剂(DF-103)0.2g(南京古田化工有限公司,下同)及水13.8g,并以60r/min的转速连续搅拌;其中所述胺盐通过将十二烯基琥珀酸酐(南京古田化工有限公司,下同)与三乙醇胺(上海德茂化工有限公司,下同)按质量比1:2.5,在50℃下搅拌1h获得。
(3)边搅拌边依次加入乙二醇丁醚(南京古田化工有限公司,下同)与异构十六醇(上海紫邦化工有限公司,下同)的以质量比为1:3组成的混合物4g及直链脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-7)45g(江苏海安石化有限公司,下同),直至外观澄清透明,即得绿色金属切削液。
实施例2
本实施例的绿色型金属切削液的组成及含量如表1所示。
本实施例的绿色金属切削液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯24g(聊城瑞捷化学有限公司,下同)、阴离子表面活性剂石油磺酸钠9.5g、极压剂阴离子改性聚醚PAG 6.0g加入玻璃杯,加热到50℃,搅拌均匀后停止加热。
(2)加入硼酸单乙醇胺酯与胺盐的按质量比1:1组成的混合物9g,杀菌剂碘代丙炔基氨基甲酸丁酯1.0g(苏州凯美斯化学材料有限公司,下同),有机硅消泡剂0.2g(上海索凯实业有限公司,下同)及水8.7g,并以60r/min的转速连续搅拌;其中所述胺盐通过将直链烯基二羧酸酐科莱恩Genapur ASA(上海索凯实业有限公司,下同)与三乙醇胺按质量比1:2.5,在50℃下搅拌1h获得。
(3)边搅拌边依次加入二乙二醇丁醚(南京古田化工有限公司,下同)与异构十六醇的以质量比为1:1.3组成的混合物4.6g及直链脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-9)37g(江苏海安石化有限公司,下同),直至外观澄清透明,即得绿色金属切削液。
实施例3
本实施例的绿色型金属切削液的组成及含量如表1所示。
本实施例的绿色型金属切削液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将环氧大豆油30g(上海酶联生物科技有限公司,下同)、阴离子表面活性剂石油磺酸钠9.5g、极压剂阴离子改性聚醚PAG 5.0g加入玻璃杯,加热到50℃,搅拌均匀后停止加热。
(2)加入硼酸单乙醇胺酯与胺盐的按质量比1:1组成的混合物7g,杀菌剂吗啉衍生物MBM 2g,有机硅消泡剂0.1g及水7.4g,并搅拌均匀;其中所述胺盐通过将直链烯基二羧酸酐科莱恩Genapur ASA与三乙醇胺按质量比1:2.5,在50℃下搅拌1h获得。
(3)边搅拌边依次加入乙二醇丁醚与异构十六醇的以质量比为1:1组成的混合物4g和特殊醇表面活性剂(EH-9)35g(南京古田化工有限公司,下同),直至外观澄清透明,即得绿色金属切削液。
实施例4
本实施例的绿色型金属切削液的组成及含量如表1所示。
本实施例的绿色型金属切削液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将三羟甲基丙烷椰子油酸酯22g(聊城瑞捷化学有限公司,下同)、阴离子表面活性剂石油磺酸钠9.0g、极压剂阴离子改性聚醚PAG 5.5g加入玻璃杯,加热到50℃,搅拌均匀后停止加热。
(2)加入硼酸单乙醇胺酯与胺盐的按质量比1:1组成的混合物8g,杀菌剂吗啉衍生物MBM 1.0g,有机硅消泡剂0.2g及水9.3g,并以60r/min的转速连续搅拌;其中所述胺盐通过将十二烯基琥珀酸酐与三乙醇胺按质量比1:2.5,在50℃下搅拌1h获得。
(3)边搅拌边依次加入二乙二醇丁醚与异构十六醇的以质量比为2:3组成的混合物5g及烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(TX-10)40g(江苏海安石化有限公司,下同),直至外观澄清透明,即得绿色金属切削液。
对比例1
(1)将三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯20g、阴离子表面活性剂石油磺酸钠9.5g、极压剂阴离子改性聚醚PAG 7.0g加入玻璃杯,加热到50℃,搅拌均匀后停止加热。
(2)加入硼酸单乙醇胺酯与胺盐的按质量比1:1组成的混合物9g,杀菌剂吗啉衍生物MBM 1.5g,聚醚消泡剂(DF-103)0.1g及水20.9g,并以60r/min的转速连续搅拌;其中所述胺盐通过将直链烯基二羧酸酐科莱恩Genapur ASA(上海索凯实业有限公司,下同)与三乙醇胺按质量比1:2.5,在50℃下搅拌1h获得。
(3)边搅拌边依次加入乙二醇丁醚与异构十六醇的以质量比为1:1组成的混合物5.0g及直链脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-9)27g,直至外观澄清透明,即得绿色金属切削液。
对比例2
(1)将季戊四醇油酸酯(PETO-A)26g、阴离子表面活性剂石油磺酸钠7.0g、极压剂阴离子改性聚醚PAG 7.0g加入玻璃杯,加热到50℃,搅拌均匀后停止加热。
(2)加入硼酸单乙醇胺酯与胺盐的按质量比1:1组成的混合物4g,杀菌剂碘代丙炔基氨基甲酸丁酯1.0g,有机硅消泡剂0.2g及水11.8g,并以60r/min的转速连续搅拌;其中所述胺盐通过将直链烯基二羧酸酐科莱恩Genapur ASA与三乙醇胺按质量比1:2.5,在50℃下搅拌1h获得。
(3)边搅拌边依次加入二乙二醇丁醚与异构十六醇的以质量比为1:1组成的混合物5g及直链脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-7)38g,直至外观澄清透明,即得绿色金属切削液。
对比例3
(1)将季戊四醇油酸酯20g、极压剂阴离子改性聚醚PAG 4.5g加入玻璃杯,加热到50℃,搅拌均匀后停止加热。
(2)加入硼酸单乙醇胺酯与胺盐的按质量比1:1组成的混合物6g,杀菌剂吗啉衍生物MBM 1g,聚醚消泡剂(DF-103)0.2g及水18.3g,并以60r/min的转速连续搅拌;其中所述胺盐通过将十二烯基琥珀酸酐(南京古田化工有限公司,下同)与三乙醇胺按质量比1:2.5,在50℃下搅拌1h获得。
(3)边搅拌边依次加入乙二醇丁醚与异构十六醇的以质量比为1:3组成的混合物5g及直链脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-7)45g,直至外观澄清透明,即得绿色金属切削液。
对比例4
(1)将三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯22g、阴离子表面活性剂石油磺酸钠5.0g、极压剂阴离子改性聚醚PAG 6.0g加入玻璃杯,加热到50℃,搅拌均匀后停止加热。
(2)加入硼酸单乙醇胺酯与胺盐的按质量比1:1组成的混合物9g,杀菌剂碘代丙炔基氨基甲酸丁酯1.0g,有机硅消泡剂0.2g及水4.8g,并以60r/min的转速连续搅拌;其中所述胺盐通过将直链烯基二羧酸酐科莱恩Genapur ASA与三乙醇胺按质量比1:2.5,在50℃下搅拌1h获得。
(3)边搅拌边依次加入二乙二醇丁醚与异构十六醇的以质量比为1:1组成的混合物4g及直链脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-9)48g,直至外观澄清透明,即得绿色金属切削液。
金属切削液的评价
表2中所有检测方法、判断标准均按照国标来检测的,如5%乳化液消泡性,将被测试液倒入100mL具塞量筒中,使液面在70mL处,盖好塞,上下摇动1min,上下摇动的距离约为1/3米,摇动频率约为100次~120次/min。然后,在室温下静置10min,观察液面残留泡沫体积,小于或等于2mL为合格。其中本申请中0代表静置10min后,泡沫体积为0mL。高温试验:将100mL待测微乳化切削液浓缩物,置于已备样品瓶中,加盖后放入50士2℃的恒温箱(或恒温水浴箱)中4h,然后静置于室温下(15-35℃)1h后,观察样品。低温试验:样品放置于冰箱的速冻室内-18℃±3℃,2h后取出,置于室温下静置1h,观察试样。试验后的样品,在室温(15-35℃)下观察样品,应为:无变色、无分层,呈均匀液体为A级,A级为合格。
由上表2可知,本发明的绿色切削液长期保存后的浓缩液储存安定性良好,PH值稳定在8.6-9.0之间,对工人皮肤无刺激性、对加工设备无腐蚀性。本发明的绿色切削液在防锈性能和消泡性能等方面也都具有优越性能。
其中对比例1研究结果表明:由于非离子表面活性剂的量不在本申请的范围内,致使体系亲水亲油未达到平衡状态,浓缩液高低温不稳定,出现分层。对比例3表明:如果没有阴离子表面活性剂石油磺酸钠,不但无益于油水体系平衡,还没有防锈效果。对比例2和对比例4表明:防锈剂的添加量和乳化剂是影响防锈性的两大因素。对比例4中乳化剂AEO-9因本身不具有防锈性,添加量过多,对体系防锈性产生了一定程度的干扰。
上述内容仅为本发明构思下的基本说明,而依据本发明的技术方案所作的任何等效变换,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种绿色金属切削液,基于所述金属切削液的重量,按重量百分比计算,其含有以下组分:
基础油18%-30%
非离子表面活性剂30%-45%
阴离子表面活性剂5.0%-10%
复合防锈剂6%-11%
耦合剂3.6%-5%
极压剂4.5%-7%
消泡剂0.1%-0.2%
杀菌剂0.8%-2.5%
余量为水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的绿色金属切削液,其中所述基础油为多元醇酯、棕榈酸甲酯和环氧大豆油中的一种或几种,所述多元醇酯优选包括季戊四醇油酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷羧酸酯和新戊二醇二油酸酯,所述三羟甲基丙烷羧酸酯优选包括三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三硬脂酸酯和三羟甲基丙烷椰子油酸酯。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的绿色金属切削液,其中所述非离子表面活性剂为聚氧乙烯醚类表面活性剂和特殊醇表面活性剂EH-9中的一种或几种,所述聚氧乙烯醚类表面活性剂优选包括脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的绿色金属切削液,其中所述阴离子表面活性剂为石油磺酸钠。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的绿色金属切削液,其中所述复合防锈剂为硼酸单乙醇胺酯与胺盐按质量比1:1~1:3组成的混合物,其中所述胺盐通过将十二烯基琥珀酸酐或直链烯基二羧酸酐科莱恩Genapur ASA与三乙醇胺或二甘醇胺按质量比1:1~1:3混合而获得。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的绿色金属切削液,其中所述耦合剂为多元醇醚类与异构十六醇组成的混合物,所述多元醇醚类优选为乙二醇丁醚、二乙醇丁醚、二乙二醇甲醚、三乙二醇甲醚、二乙二醇乙醚、三乙二醇乙醚、二乙二醇丁醚、三乙二醇丁醚、二乙二醇己醚中的任意一种。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的绿色金属切削液,其中所述极压剂为阴离子改性聚醚。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的绿色金属切削液,其中所述消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂或聚醚消泡剂。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的绿色金属切削液,其中所述杀菌剂为吗啉衍生物、碘代丙炔基氨基甲酸丁酯和1,3,5-三(2-羟乙基)-六氢-三嗪中的一种或几种。
10.一种根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的绿色金属切削液的制备方法,其包括:在基础油中,加入阴离子表面活性剂、极压剂并加热到50-60℃,搅拌均匀后停止加热,加入消泡剂、杀菌剂与复合防锈剂的组合物和水并搅拌,再依次加入非离子表面活性剂和耦合剂,并搅拌直至外观澄清透明。
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