CN105837864A - 一种生物全降解薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种生物全降解薄膜及其制备方法，生物全降解薄膜主要由玉米淀粉或酯化淀粉30～50份、聚乙烯醇30～50份、玉米秸秆粉10～25份、聚乙烯醇脂2～20份、矿物质油0.2～5份、水或乙醇5～40份和疏水剂0.2～2份。将玉米秸秆粉碎后过筛，将能使用的玉米秸秆粉末进行后处理24h，24h后加入玉米淀粉、聚乙烯醇、脂类、油类、醇/水，共混后加热至50～120℃，成为母料，将母料进行吹塑，冷却成型，经检验合格后入库。本发明的主要原料为玉米秸秆纤维素、玉米淀粉和聚乙烯醇，成本低廉，便于推广，能够对农业生产中产生的作物秸秆进行有效处理，并加以循环利用，促进土壤改良，提高土壤的有机活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物降解塑料薄膜制品技术领域，具体的说是涉及一种生物全降解薄膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
完全生物降解塑料是指一类由自然界存在的微生物如细菌、霉菌、真菌和藻类的作用而引起降解的塑料，理想的生物降解塑料是一种具有优良的使用性能、废弃后可被环境微生物完全分解、最终被无机化而成为自然界中碳素循环的一个组成部分的高分子材料，生物降解塑料是兼有纸和合成塑料这两种材料性质的高分子材料。现有技术中的完全生物降解薄膜在国际上主要有美国的NOVON、意大利的Mater-Bi、英国的BIOPOT和日本的BIONOLE，而从产品的力学性能、降解性能、生产工艺及生产规模等因素考虑，真正形成国际化生产的只有意大利的Mater-Bi。而Mater-Bi公司完全生物降解薄膜产品的不足之处在于其产品在高温、高湿环境下的表现较差，产品的适用范围较窄，仅适用于温度0℃～50℃，相对湿度30份～80份的环境，而且Mater-Bi产品的价格高达7000美元，难于在世界范围内大面积推广应用。
发明内容
本发明为了克服现有技术存在的不足，提供一种产品适用范围较广、成本低廉、节能环保的生物全降解薄膜及其制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：一种生物全降解薄膜，其主要由下述重量份的原料组成：淀粉30份～50份、聚乙烯醇30份～50份、玉米秸秆粉10份～25份、聚乙烯醇脂2份～20份、矿物质油0.2份～5份、增塑剂助剂5份～40份和疏水剂0.2份～2份，淀粉为玉米淀粉或酯化淀粉，增塑剂助剂为水、乙醇或甲醇。
作为本发明的优选实施方式，本发明生物全降解薄膜主要由下述重量份的原料组成：淀粉34份～45份、聚乙烯醇42份～48份、玉米秸秆粉10份～13份、聚乙烯醇脂8份～15份、矿物质油1份～4份、增塑剂助剂21份～37份和疏水剂0.4份～1份。
作为本发明的最佳实施方式，本发明生物全降解薄膜主要由下述重量份的原料组成：淀粉40份、聚乙烯醇45份、玉米秸秆粉13份、聚乙烯醇脂12份、矿物质油2份、增塑剂助剂30份和疏水剂0.7份。
本发明生物全降解薄膜的制备方法包括如下步骤：a、首先将玉米秸秆粉碎后过筛，制成玉米秸秆粉，将能使用的玉米秸秆粉进行后处理，后处理时间为24h；b、然后经过24h后在玉米秸秆粉中依次加入玉米淀粉、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇脂、矿物质油、水或乙醇、疏水剂，将上述材料共混后加热到50℃～120℃，制成生物全降解薄膜母料；c、最后将生物全降解薄膜母料在吹塑机中进行吹塑，冷却成型，经检验合格后入库，制得成品。
本发明中的生物全降解薄膜使用包括水在内的增塑剂助剂，在造粒、吹塑过程中通过糊化淀粉等形成耐水性良好的材料。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明将玉米秸秆给予充分有效利用，减少环境污染，本发明的主要原料为玉米秸秆纤维素，玉米淀粉和聚乙烯醇，其制作成本低廉，便于全国推广。本发明能够对农业生产中产生的作物秸秆进行有效处理，并加以循环利用，并且能够促进土壤改良，提高土壤的有机活性；杜绝农民大面积焚烧作物秸秆，有效的治理了环境污染。现有技术中意大利Mater-Bi产品在耐高温、耐湿及薄膜高淀粉含量的情况下，具有干、湿强度不高的缺点，本发明关键技术的先进性表现在克服了世界著名意大利Mater-Bi产品存在的缺陷，本发明中的生物全降解薄膜能够使用补强剂、温强剂及耐寒剂来扩大产品的应用范围，并且使用塑化淀粉替代原淀粉，提高了薄膜制品原料的流动性，加快了吹膜速度，提高了薄膜制品的质量。
通过分析塑料制品的应用领域和生物降解淀粉塑料的实用性，本发明中的生物全降解淀粉塑料制品可以有以下四大类进入社会生产和生活领域：
一是包装制品领域：它包括日常包装，如购物袋、垃圾袋等，食品和餐饮包装如快餐盒、杯、盘、航空餐具、软饮料瓶、糕点糖果、化妆品、洗发香波、洗涤液等包装，工农业产品包装如设备、仪器防锈防电磁包装、农副产品运输包装等，以及其它的生活用品包装。
二是工农业用塑料制品领域：制品形式有工业用塑料管材、各种构件和包装工具；各种地膜、遮阳网、防虫网、无纺布、反光幕、保温复合卷材、保温幕、保温被、育秧盆、育苗钵、育苗棚以及农药和肥料用的缓释性包覆材料、保鲜膜、养殖器材、播种包衣等。
三是各种日用品领域：涉及生活用品、办公用品和文具等等，制品主要有如尿布、洗衣袋、一次性内衣、拖鞋、生理卫生用品、电脑外壳、键盘、磁带盘和磁带以及IC底板、便携式电话、文具盒、笔座、文件夹、一次性圆珠笔等。
四是土建工程用品领域：涉及市政建设、绿化、道路建设、荒地沙漠治理等，产品包括荒地、沙漠绿化保水基材、植被网、保水剂、工业用保水板、土木构件型框、护坡和固土工程材料等。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作详细描述。
实施例1：一种生物全降解薄膜，其主要由下述重量份的原料组成：玉米淀粉30份、聚乙烯醇30份、玉米秸秆粉10份、聚乙烯醇脂2份、矿物质油0.2份、水或乙醇5份和疏水剂0.2份。
本发明生物全降解薄膜的制备方法包括如下步骤：a、首先将玉米秸秆10份粉碎后过筛，制成玉米秸秆粉，将能使用的玉米秸秆粉进行后处理，后处理时间为24h；b、然后经过24h后在10份玉米秸秆粉中依次加入玉米淀粉30份、聚乙烯醇30份、聚乙烯醇脂2份、矿物质油0.2份、水或乙醇5份、疏水剂0.2份，将上述材料共混后加热到50℃～120℃，制成生物全降解薄膜母料；c、最后将生物全降解薄膜母料在吹塑机中进行吹塑，冷却成型，经检验合格后入库，制得成品。
实施例2：一种生物全降解薄膜，其主要由下述重量份的原料组成：酯化淀粉40份、聚乙烯醇45份、玉米秸秆粉13份、聚乙烯醇脂12份、矿物质油2份、水或甲醇30份和疏水剂0.7份，制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3：一种生物全降解薄膜，其主要由下述重量份的原料组成：玉米淀粉50份、聚乙烯醇50份、玉米秸秆粉25份、聚乙烯醇脂20份、矿物质油5份、水40份和疏水剂2份，制备方法同实施例1。
最后应当说明的是，以上内容仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对本发明保护范围的限制，本领域的普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案进行的简单修改或者等同替换，均不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种生物全降解薄膜，其特征在于：所述生物全降解薄膜主要由下述重量份的原料组成：淀粉30份～50份、聚乙烯醇30份～50份、玉米秸秆粉10份～25份、聚乙烯醇脂2份～20份、矿物质油0.2份～5份、增塑剂助剂5份～40份和疏水剂0.2份～2份，所述淀粉为玉米淀粉或酯化淀粉，所述增塑剂助剂为水、乙醇或甲醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种生物全降解薄膜，其特征在于：所述生物全降解薄膜主要由下述重量份的原料组成：淀粉34份～45份、聚乙烯醇42份～48份、玉米秸秆粉10份～13份、聚乙烯醇脂8份～15份、矿物质油1份～4份、增塑剂助剂21份～37份和疏水剂0.4份～1份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种生物全降解薄膜，其特征在于：所述生物全降解薄膜主要由下述重量份的原料组成：淀粉40份、聚乙烯醇45份、玉米秸秆粉13份、聚乙烯醇脂12份、矿物质油2份、增塑剂助剂30份和疏水剂0.7份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的生物全降解薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于：所述生物全降解薄膜的制备方法包括如下步骤：
a、首先将玉米秸秆粉碎后过筛，制成玉米秸秆粉，将能使用的玉米秸秆粉进行后处理，后处理时间为24h；
b、然后经过24h后在玉米秸秆粉中依次加入玉米淀粉、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇脂、矿物质油、水或乙醇、疏水剂，将上述材料共混后加热到50℃～120℃，制成生物全降解薄膜母料；
c、最后将生物全降解薄膜母料在吹塑机中进行吹塑，冷却成型，经检验合格后入库，制得成品。
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