CN105815071A - Method for cultivating Pelargonium roseum - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of geranium cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating geranium geranium, which involves cultivating geranium geranium with fast rooting and high survival rate through the steps of seedling selection, field arrangement, cutting, seedling management, and pest control. Geranium geranium with high incidence, low incidence and good appearance, and before cutting, the branches are dipped in the rooting solution with a concentration of 800-1000PPm and a temperature of 15-20°C. The management of seedlings is to use water, light, The management mode of the combination of three factors of fertilizer, by keeping the soil humidity at 28-35% and the sunshine time not less than 6 hours, combined with the scientific fertilizer and nutrition combination, makes the Geranium geranium can be grown in low altitude, high humidity, and more freezing climate conditions. planted on a large scale.

Description

A kind of cultivation method of geranium geranium

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of geranium cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of geranium geranium.

Background technique

Pelargonium geranium is a perennial herb. Because the stems, leaves and flowers all contain volatile aroma, geranium geranium oil can be extracted. Its main components are geraniol, rhodus alcohol, citronellol, linalool, etc. It is a substitute for oil, used to prepare essence and perfume, and used as an additive for cooking oil, soap and toothpaste. It has become one of the important raw materials for the fragrance industry because of its high content of sesame oil.

Generally, Geranium geranium grows most vigorously at the age of 2-3, and begins to decline after 5 years. It likes temperature and drought, is not resistant to cold, is afraid of waterlogging, does not require high water, and is suitable for growth in neutral or weakly alkaline soil. , the growth of geranium geranium needs sufficient sunshine, and the light has a good effect on its development and the increase of essential oil content. Therefore, the yield of essential oil and aroma components of geranium are easily affected by climatic conditions and cultivation environment, while the traditional cultivation method of geranium, Generally, there is a lack of environmental control measures, and it is easily affected by natural climate conditions, so it is difficult to cultivate high-quality geraniums that are not restricted by seasonal climate conditions.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems referred to above, and cultivate the geranium geranium with good quality through scientific management measures.

Specifically, it is achieved through the following schemes:

A cultivation method of geranium geranium, comprising the following steps:

(1) Selection of seedlings: Select branches and leaves that are strong, free from lignification, plant diseases and insect pests, green and delicate, and 17-24cm long, and cut the leaves to obtain oblique cuts close to the leaf nodes, leaving the growth point and the following parts, leaves 3 piece;

(2) Field arrangement: Deep plow and sun-dry before cutting, open the furrows and ridges, and make furrows with a width of 70-80cm and a height of 15-20cm;

(3) Cuttage: Before cutting, dip the branches in a rooting solution with a concentration of 800-1000PPm and a temperature of 15-20°C for 10-20s. The rooting solution is composed of the following formula by weight: plant ash 2- 4 parts, humic acid 10-15 parts, citric acid 1-3 parts, naphthaleneacetic acid 1-3 parts, potassium sulfate 0.5-2 parts, vitamin C 0.2-1 parts, brown sugar 0.1-0.8 parts, EM solution 0.5- 1.5 parts, the rest is water, and then cuttage is carried out at a density of (6000-7000) plants/mu at a plant spacing of 18cm, a row spacing of 45cm, and the depth of cutting seedlings is 6-7cm;

(4) Field management:

①Fertilization management: Before plowing the field, apply 3-4t of organic fertilizer per mu, and at the same time add 50-68kg of farmyard manure. After that, apply organic fertilizer once a year in early February, and the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 1-1.8t/mu. Apply farmyard manure, the amount of farmyard manure fertilizer is 0.3-0.5t/mu; foliar spraying is carried out 17 days before each cutting, and compound fertilizer is applied once every other cutting and cutting, and the application rate is 30-40kg/mu; branches are planted Apply calcium nitrate-containing fertilizer at 45-50kg/mu in the last 7 days, and apply calcium nitrate-containing fertilizer at 30-40kg/mu every 7-10 days thereafter. The calcium nitrate-containing fertilizer contains amino acid content≤10mg/kg ;

②Water management: Water the newly planted seedling soil once on the 7th-10th day, and water according to the dry humidity of the soil during the two seasons, and keep the soil humidity at 28-35%;

③Environmental management: the sunshine time is not less than 6 hours;

(5) Pest control: The diseases of geranium geranium are mainly gray mold, brown spot, bacterial leaf spot, root rot, flower rot, black shank, crown rot, and Verticillium wilt, all of which are onset. In the initial stage, after adjusting the pH value of the soil to 6.2-6.5, spray the whole plant once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-4 times continuously.

The rooting liquid is composed of the following formula in parts by weight: 3 parts of plant ash, 12 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of citric acid, 2 parts of naphthalene acetic acid, 1.3 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5 parts of vitamin C, 0.5 parts of brown sugar, EM 1 part of solution.

The preparation method of the rooting liquid is as follows: after plant ash and vitamin C are mixed evenly, potassium sulfate is added to mix evenly, then EM solution is added and stirred for 2-4 minutes, brown sugar, citric acid, and naphthaleneacetic acid are added in turn to mix evenly, and then humic acid is added. After souring, add water immediately, stir evenly to obtain rooting liquid.

The raw materials of the organic fertilizer include by weight: 30-40 parts of cow dung, 8-15 parts of straw, 4-6 parts of distiller's grains, 50-70 parts of peat, 1-5 parts of garlic, and 0.1-0.3 parts of microbial agent .

The microbial agent is formed by mixing bifidobacteria, actinomycetes and Bacillus subtilis in a weight ratio of (2-3):(1-2):(0.5-1).

The farmyard manure is stacked with cow dung at a temperature of 15-20°C for 1-3 days, and then mixed with nutritional supplements in a mass ratio of 2-5:1, wherein the nutritional supplements are made of urea , general calcium, and potassium sulfate are composed of 15:20:4 by mass ratio.

The compound fertilizer is mixed according to the mass ratio of nitrogen fertilizer: phosphoric acid: potassium fertilizer = (1-3): (1-3): (0.5-1.5), wherein the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer is equal.

The calcium nitrate-containing fertilizer has a calcium nitrate content of 10-20%.

The calcium nitrate-containing waste has a total nutrient content of 55%.

The foliage spraying is to spray after first mixing the BR-120 plant growth regulator of 10mg/mu and the water of 50kg/mu evenly.

Spraying medicine in the prevention and control of said diseases and insect pests, the traditional control method is selected according to the disease.

Beneficial effects of the present invention

The method of the invention adopts the combination of environmental control and scientific field management, so that the geranium geranium takes root quickly, blooms neatly, and has large curds; the method of the invention improves the survival rate of the geranium geranium by scientifically controlling light, water and fertilizers , reducing the incidence of geranium geranium, compared with traditional methods, the incidence rate is reduced by about 30-35%, and combined with scientific root treatment technology, the cuttings of geranium geranium are significantly improved in terms of plant height, root length and quantity At the same time, combined with the nutritional combination of fertilizers, Geranium geranium can be planted in large areas under low altitude, high humidity, and many freezing climates, and the survival rate is as high as 92%. In Zhenyuan County, Guizhou Province, the method of the present invention is used to manage Geranium Geranium, so that Geranium Geranium can be harvested once a month, and the harvesting and pruning period is usually April-November in a year, and the peak period is May-September. Under normal circumstances, it can be harvested and cut twice a month from June to September.

detailed description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further limited below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the scope of protection is not limited to the descriptions made.

Example 1

A cultivation method of geranium geranium, comprising the following steps:

(1) Selection of seedlings: select branches and leaves that are strong, without lignification and damage by diseases and insect pests, with delicate green color, and long 20cm branches, carry out leaf pruning treatment, obtain oblique cutting edge near the leaf nodes, stay the growth point and the following parts, 3 blades;

(2) Field arrangement: Deep plow and sun-dry before cutting, open furrows and ridges, and make furrows with a width of 70 cm and a height of 20 cm;

(3) Cuttage: Before cutting, the branches are dipped in the rooting solution with a concentration of 800PPm and a temperature of 18°C for 10 seconds. The rooting solution is composed of the following weight ratio formula: plant ash 3g, humic acid 10g, citric acid 1g, 3g of naphthalene acetic acid, 2g of potassium sulfate, 0.6g of vitamin C, 0.1g of brown sugar, 1.5g of EM solution, and the rest is water, and then the cuttings are carried out at a density of 18cm between plants and 45cm between rows, and the density of 6000 plants/mu, and the depth of cuttings is 7cm;

(4) Field management:

① Fertilization management: Before plowing the field, apply 3 tons of organic fertilizer per mu, and at the same time add 60 kg of farmyard manure. After that, apply organic fertilizer once a year in early February. The amount of organic fertilizer applied is 1.4t/mu. The amount of fertilizer applied is 0.4t/mu; the foliage is sprayed 17 days before each cutting, and the compound fertilizer is applied once every other cutting and cutting, and the application rate is 40kg/mu; 7 days after the branches are planted, 50kg/mu of nitric acid Calcium fertilizer, thereafter every 10 days press 30kg/mu to apply calcium nitrate fertilizer 1 time, described calcium nitrate fertilizer, its amino acid content is 8mg/kg;

②Water management: Water the newly planted seedling soil once on the 10th day, and water according to the dry humidity of the soil during the two seasons, and keep the soil humidity at 35%;

③Environmental management: the sunshine time is 6 hours;

(5) Pest control: The diseases of geranium geranium are mainly gray mold, brown spot, bacterial leaf spot, root rot, flower rot, black shank, crown rot, and Verticillium wilt, all of which are onset. In the initial stage, after adjusting the soil pH value to 6.5, spray the whole plant once every 7 days, and spray 3 times.

The preparation method of the rooting liquid is as follows: after plant ash and vitamin C are mixed evenly, potassium sulfate is added to mix evenly, then EM solution is added and stirred for 3 minutes, brown sugar, citric acid, naphthalene acetic acid are added successively and mixed evenly, then humic acid is added , add water immediately, stir evenly to obtain rooting liquid.

The raw materials of the organic fertilizer include by weight: 35t of cow dung, 15t of straw, 6t of distiller's grains, 70t of peat, 5t of garlic, and 0.3t of microbial agent.

The microbial bacterial agent is formed by mixing bifidobacteria, actinomycetes and Bacillus subtilis in a weight ratio of 2:2:0.5.

The farmyard manure is stacked with cow dung for 2 days at a temperature of 15°C, and then mixed with nutritional supplements in a mass ratio of 2:1, wherein the nutritional supplements consist of urea, general calcium, potassium sulfate Composition by mass ratio is 15:20:4.

The compound fertilizer is formed by mixing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphoric acid and potassium fertilizer in a mass ratio of 2:2:1.5.

The calcium nitrate-containing fertilizer has a calcium nitrate content of 10%.

The calcium nitrate-containing waste has a total nutrient content of 55%.

The foliage spraying is to spray after first mixing the BR-120 plant growth regulator of 10mg/mu and the water of 50kg/mu evenly.

Spraying medicine in the prevention and control of said diseases and insect pests, the traditional control method is selected according to the disease.

Example 2

A cultivation method of geranium geranium, comprising the following steps:

(1) Selection of seedlings: select branches and leaves that are strong, without lignification and damage by diseases and insect pests, with beautiful green color and long 24cm branches, and carry out leaf pruning treatment to obtain oblique cuts close to the leaf nodes, leaving the growth point and the following parts, and 3 leaves;

(2) Field arrangement: Deep plow and sun-dry before cutting, open the furrows and ridges, and make furrows with a width of 80 cm and a height of 18 cm;

(3) Cuttage: Before cutting, the branches are dipped in the rooting solution with a concentration of 1000PPm and a temperature of 20°C for 15 seconds. The rooting solution is composed of the following weight ratio formula: plant ash 2g, humic acid 15g, citric acid 3g, 2g of naphthaleneacetic acid, 1g of potassium sulfate, 0.2g of vitamin C, 0.8g of brown sugar, 0.5g of EM solution, and the rest is water, and then the cuttings are carried out at a density of 18cm between plants and 45cm between rows, and 7000 plants/mu, and the depth of cuttings 6cm;

(4) Field management:

① Fertilization management: Before plowing the field, apply 4t of organic fertilizer per mu, and at the same time add 68kg of farmyard manure. After that, apply organic fertilizer once a year in early February, and the amount of organic fertilizer is 1t/mu. Amount of 0.5t/mu; foliage spraying 17 days before each cutting, cutting compound fertilizer every other time, application rate is 30kg/mu; 7 days after branch planting, apply calcium nitrate at 45kg/mu Fertilizer, apply calcium nitrate fertilizer 1 time by 35kg/mu every 8 days thereafter, described calcium nitrate fertilizer, its amino acid content is 10mg/kg;

②Water management: Water the newly planted seedling soil once on the 7th day, and water according to the dry humidity of the soil during the two seasons, and keep the soil humidity at 30%;

③Environmental management: the sunshine time is 8 hours;

(5) Pest control: The diseases of geranium geranium are mainly gray mold, brown spot, bacterial leaf spot, root rot, flower rot, black shank, crown rot, and Verticillium wilt, all of which are onset. In the initial stage, after adjusting the soil pH value to 6.5, spray the whole plant once every 10 days, and spray 4 times in a row.

The preparation method of the rooting liquid is as follows: after plant ash and vitamin C are mixed evenly, potassium sulfate is added to mix evenly, then EM solution is added and stirred for 2 minutes, brown sugar, citric acid, naphthalene acetic acid are added successively and mixed evenly, then humic acid is added , immediately add deionized water, stir evenly to obtain rooting solution.

The raw materials of the organic fertilizer include by weight: 40t of cow dung, 10t of straw, 5t of distiller's grains, 50t of peat, 3t of garlic, and 0.2t of microbial agent.

The microbial agent is formed by mixing bifidobacteria, actinomycetes and Bacillus subtilis in a weight ratio of 3:1:1.

The farmyard manure is stacked with cow dung for 3 days at a temperature of 15°C, and then mixed with nutritional supplements at a mass ratio of 5:1, wherein the nutritional supplements consist of urea, general calcium, and potassium sulfate Composition by mass ratio is 15:20:4.

The compound fertilizer is formed by mixing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphoric acid and potassium fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

The calcium nitrate-containing fertilizer has a calcium nitrate content of 15%.

The calcium nitrate-containing waste has a total nutrient content of 55%.

The foliage spraying is to spray after first mixing the BR-120 plant growth regulator of 10mg/mu and the water of 50kg/mu evenly.

Spraying medicine in the prevention and control of said diseases and insect pests, the traditional control method is selected according to the disease.

Example 3

A cultivation method of geranium geranium, comprising the following steps:

(1) Seedling selection: select branches and leaves that are strong, free from lignification, plant diseases and insect pests, beautiful green, and long 17cm branches, and perform leaf pruning treatment to obtain oblique cuts close to leaf nodes, leaving growth points and the following parts, and 3 blades;

(2) Field arrangement: Deep plow and sun-dry before cutting, open the furrows and ridges, and make furrows with a width of 75 cm and a height of 15 cm;

(3) Cuttage: Before cutting, the branches are dipped in the rooting solution with a concentration of 900PPm and a temperature of 15°C for 20 seconds. The rooting solution is composed of the following weight ratio formula: plant ash 3g, humic acid 12g, citric acid 2g, 2g of naphthaleneacetic acid, 1.3g of potassium sulfate, 0.5g of vitamin C, 0.5g of brown sugar, 1g of EM solution, and the rest is water, and then the cuttings are carried out at a density of 18cm between plants and 45cm between rows, and the density of 6500 plants/mu, and the depth of cuttings 6.5cm;

(4) Field management:

① Fertilization management: Before plowing the field, apply 3.5t of organic fertilizer per mu, and at the same time add 50kg of farmyard manure. After that, apply organic fertilizer once a year in early February. The amount of organic fertilizer applied is 1.8t/mu. The amount of fertilizer applied is 0.4t/mu; the leaves are sprayed 17 days before each cutting, and the compound fertilizer is applied once every other cutting and cutting, and the application rate is 35kg/mu; 48kg/mu is applied 7 days after the branches are planted Calcium nitrate fertilizer, apply calcium nitrate fertilizer 1 time by 40kg/mu every 7 days thereafter, described calcium nitrate fertilizer, its amino acid content is 2mg/kg;

②Water management: Water the newly planted seedling soil once on the 10th day, and water according to the dry humidity of the soil during the two seasons, and keep the soil humidity at 28%;

③Environmental management: the sunshine time is 15h;

(5) Pest control: The diseases of geranium geranium are mainly gray mold, brown spot, bacterial leaf spot, root rot, flower rot, black shank, crown rot, and Verticillium wilt, all of which are onset. In the initial stage, after adjusting the soil pH value to 6.2, spray the whole plant once every 10 days, and spray twice.

The preparation method of the rooting liquid is as follows: after plant ash and vitamin C are mixed evenly, potassium sulfate is added to mix evenly, then EM solution is added and stirred for 3 minutes, brown sugar, citric acid, naphthalene acetic acid are added successively and mixed evenly, then humic acid is added , immediately add deionized water, stir evenly to obtain rooting solution.

The raw materials of the organic fertilizer include by weight: 30t of cow dung, 8t of straw, 4t of distiller's grains, 60t of peat, 1t of garlic, and 0.1t of microbial agent.

The microbial bacterial agent is formed by mixing bifidobacteria, actinomycetes and Bacillus subtilis in a weight ratio of 2:1:0.5.

The farmyard manure is stacked with cow dung for 1 day at a temperature of 20°C, and then mixed with nutritional supplements in a mass ratio of 3.5:1, wherein the nutritional supplements consist of urea, general calcium, and potassium sulfate Composition by mass ratio is 15:20:4.

The compound fertilizer is formed by mixing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphoric acid and potassium fertilizer in a mass ratio of 3:3:1.

The calcium nitrate-containing fertilizer has a calcium nitrate content of 20%.

The calcium nitrate-containing waste has a total nutrient content of 55%.

The foliage spraying is to spray after first mixing the BR-120 plant growth regulator of 10mg/mu and the water of 50kg/mu evenly.

Spraying medicine in the prevention and control of said diseases and insect pests, the traditional control method is selected according to the disease.

Claims (10)

1. the cultural method of a Pelargonium gravelens, it is characterised in that it comprises the following steps:

(1) Seedling is selected: select branch and leaf sturdy, green delicate and pretty, long 17-24cm without lignifying and pest and disease damage, color Branch, carries out Leaf cutting, it is thus achieved that clip is oblique near leaf segment, stays growing point and with lower part, 3, blade；

(2) field arranges: ploughs deeply before cuttage and suns the earth which has been ploughed up, opens furrow ridging, makes furrow away from wide 70-80cm, furrow height The furrow face of 15-20cm；

(3) cuttage: being 800-1000PPm by branch in concentration before cuttage, temperature is the taking root liquid of 15-20 DEG C In carry out dipping in root and process 10-20s, described taking root liquid, form by following weight part ratio formula: plant ash 2-4 part, Humic acid 10-15 part, citric acid 1-3 part, naphthalene acetic acid 1-3 part, potassium sulfate 0.5-2 part, vitamin C 0.2-1 Part, brown sugar 0.1-0.8 part, EM liquid 0.5-1.5 part, remaining be water, then by spacing in the rows 18cm, line-spacing is 45cm, (6000-7000) density plant/acre carries out cuttage, and the cuttage final singling degree of depth is 6-7cm；

(4) field management:

1. fertilizing management: turn over plow a field before every mu of organic fertilizer 3-4t, enrich farm manure 50-68kg simultaneously, Organic fertilizer 1 time at the beginning of the most annual 2 months, applying fertilizer amount is 1-1.8t/ mu, executes farm manure, farmers' simultaneously Fertile dose 0.3-0.5t/ mu；Adopt to cut first 17 days every time and carry out foliage-spray, every once Cai Jianzhui compound fertilizer 1 Secondary, amount of application is 30-40kg/ mu；Within after branch field planting 7 days, execute containing calcium nitrate fertilizer by 45-50kg/ mu, hereafter Within every 7-10 days, executing containing calcium nitrate fertilizer 1 time by 30-40kg/ mu, described containing calcium nitrate fertilizer, it contains amount of amino acid ≤10mg/kg；

2. water management: newly plant seedlings and native water for 7-10 days 1 time, water according to soil dry humidity during two seasons Filling, holding soil moisture is 28-35%；

3. environmental management: the sunshine-duration is no less than 6h；

(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: the disease of Pelargonium gravelens is mainly gray mold, brown spot, bacillary tikka Disease, root rot, China maize ear rot, balck shank, crown rot, verticillium wilt, the most at the initial stage of a disease, spray in every 7-10 days Medicine 1 time, even spray 2-4 time.

2. the cultural method of Pelargonium gravelens as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described taking root liquid, It is formed by following weight part ratio formula: plant ash 3 parts, humic acid 12 parts, citric acid 2 parts, naphthalene acetic acid 2 Part, potassium sulfate 1.3 parts, vitamin C 0.5 part, 0.5 part of brown sugar, EM liquid 1 part.

3. the cultural method of Pelargonium gravelens as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described taking root liquid Compound method be: after plant ash is mixed homogeneously with vitamin C, add potassium sulfate mix homogeneously, then add After entering EM liquid stirring 2-4min, it is sequentially added into brown sugar, citric acid, naphthalene acetic acid mix homogeneously, adds humic After acid, add water immediately, stir, obtain taking root liquid.

4. the cultural method of Pelargonium gravelens as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described fertilizer, Raw material includes by weight: cattle manure 30-40 part, straw 8-15 part, distiller grains 4-6 part, peat composed of rotten mosses 50-70 part, Bulbus Allii 1-5 part, microbial bacterial agent 0.1-0.3 part.

5. the cultural method of Pelargonium gravelens as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that described microorganism Microbial inoculum is by weight ratio for (2-3) by bacillus bifidus, actinomycetes, hay bucktooth bacillus: (1-2): (0.5-1) Mix.

6. the cultural method of Pelargonium gravelens as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described farm manure It is that cattle manure is stacked 1-3 days in the environment of temperature is 15-20 DEG C, then with nutritional supplement is in mass ratio The ratio of 2-5:1 mixes, and wherein, nutritional supplement is 15:20:4 by carbamide, general calcium, potassium sulfate in mass ratio Composition.

7. the cultural method of Pelargonium gravelens as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described compound fertilizer It is in mass ratio for nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphoric acid: potash fertilizer=(1-3): (1-3): the ratio of (0.5-1.5) mixes, its In, nitrogenous fertilizer is equal with the consumption of phosphate fertilizer.

8. the cultural method of Pelargonium gravelens as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described containing nitric acid Calcareous fertilisers material, its calcium nitrate content is 10-20%.

9. the cultivation of Pelargonium gravelens as claimed in claim 1 is put, it is characterised in that described containing nitric acid Calcium waste material, its total nutrient content is 55%.

10. the cultural method of Pelargonium gravelens as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described blade face is sprayed Execute is that the BR-120 plant growth regulator according to 10mg/ mu is mixed homogeneously with the water elder generation of 50kg/ mu and sprayed afterwards.