CN105803668B - The method that method of electrostatic spinning prepares nanometer melt spraying non-woven fabrics - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics by electrospinning, which comprises the following steps: (1) feeding raw material component A and component B respectively from two screws of a screw extruder; ( 2) Import component A and component B in the step (1) into the micro-layer co-extrusion device under the action of the screw extruder; (3) The laminated material prepared in the step (2) enters the hanger die (4) Under the synergistic effect of the hot air flow of the drafting system and the electrostatic field, the melt film gradually becomes thinner until it is torn into fibers; (5) The fibers described in step (4) are electrostatically received The web-forming system receives and makes ultra-high modulus polyethylene and polypropylene nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics. The invention adopts the synergistic effect of the hot air flow and the electrostatic field in the drafting system of the melt film to increase the effect of the electrostatic force, which is more conducive to the formation of microfibers, and the distribution of the microfibers under the action of the electrostatic field can be controlled by adjusting the form of the electrostatic field , it is easier to achieve microfibers with specific structures and effects.

Description

Method for preparing nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics by electrospinning

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of nanometer nonwoven material preparation, and in particular relates to a method for preparing nanometer melt-blown nonwoven fabric by electrospinning.

Background technique

Nanotechnology is a research hotspot in the field of scientific research today. The preparation of nanofibers has always been the focus of many scientists. Among them, electrospinning has been confirmed by relatively systematic theoretical research and experiments in the past 10 years. Electrospinning technology has become an important method for preparing ultrafine fibers and nanofibers. However, this technology has extremely low output, single fiber structure, and can not achieve consistent fiber arrangement, most of which are disorderly and random. Hard to reproduce.

Micro-layer co-extrusion technology has been developed for decades, but it has only been popularized and applied locally, and more are in the laboratory research stage. Micro-layer co-extrusion technology refers to the co-extrusion of two or more polymers to form dozens of layers or even thousands of layers of alternating multi-layer composite materials, and the thickness of a single layer can be as thin as micronano. Microlayer coextrusion technology enables in-situ fiber formation of functional filler components in polymer matrices to prepare high performance and functionalized alternating multilayer composites.

Micro-layer co-extrusion technology can combine the excellent properties of different polymers through alternating multi-layer composites to prepare functional composite materials. When the number of composite material layers is sufficient, the single layer can be as thin as a one-dimensional nanostructure equivalent to the size of the molecular chain. This unique microlayer structure diversifies the functionalities of the composite. For filled composite materials, the appearance of nano-scale layer structure can simplify the distribution of filler particles from three-dimensional to two-dimensional, and it is no longer necessary to use complex three-dimensional model analysis in the study and improvement of interface properties (such as diffusion and bonding).

Iridescent film is a typical application of micro-layer co-extrusion technology that is currently widely used. Using two kinds of thermoplastic transparent resins with different refractive index (refractive index difference is 0.03), through multi-layer composite co-extrusion to make more than 30 layers, evenly parallel in the thickness direction, alternate thickness of 0.015-0.05 mm with a rainbow effect film, Colors vary depending on the viewing angle. Its colorful color effect is based on the principle of optical refraction, interference, and reflection. When the reflection band is in the wavelength range of light, a rainbow phenomenon occurs. The color reflected by the iridescent film is determined by the wavelength of the reflected light. So it shows colorful brilliant colors. Preparation of iridescent film can also be prepared by the method of engraving and multi-layer coating, but these two methods have high manufacturing costs, small manufacturing area, and low production speed, and are only suitable for anti-counterfeiting signs, trademarks, etc. The multi-layer reflective plastic composite iridescent film has low manufacturing cost and large production scale. One unit can produce tens of thousands of square meters a day, which is suitable for a wide range of applications, such as decoration materials, printing, packaging and other aspects. Especially in the packaging of candies and flowers, the effect is very good, and it has considerable application prospects.

Before 2005, the micro-layer co-extrusion technology and the preparation technology of the iridescent film were basically controlled by the American Mearl Company, Angerer Company and Taiwan Rihe Company, among which more than 10 patents covered the key points of the preparation technology. Recently, the American EDI Company , Yang Weimin from Beijing Institute of Chemical Technology, Guo Shaoyun from Sichuan University, Lantian, and Jingcheng Company have successively launched patented technologies to solve the problems that plague film barrier properties, optical properties, pinhole defects, flaw fractures, tensile resistance, and electrical properties.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the technical difficulties that ultra-high modulus polyethylene and polypropylene nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics cannot be prepared in the prior art. Assembled and developed a preparation method for ultra-high modulus polyethylene and polypropylene nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics by electrospinning to meet the social needs of industrialized nanofibers.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A kind of electrospinning method prepares the method for nano melt-blown non-woven fabric, comprises the following steps:

(1) Feed raw material component A and component B respectively from the two screws of the screw extruder, the component A is a mixture of white oil and ultra-high modulus polyethylene, white oil and ultra-high modulus polyethylene The weight ratio of polyethylene is 95:5-50:50, and the component B is polypropylene for melt-blowing; (2) component A and component B in the step (1) are mixed in the screw extruder Under the action, introduce the micro-layer co-extrusion device, and extrude more than 30 layers of laminated materials through the micro-layer co-extrusion device; (3) The laminated material prepared in the step (2) enters the hanger die and is extruded A melt film whose number is greater than 30 and whose thickness is 50-1000 μm; (4) Under the synergistic action of the hot air flow of the drafting system and the electrostatic field, the melt film gradually becomes thinner until it is torn into fibers; (5 ) The fibers described in step (4) are received by an electrostatic receiving web forming system to make ultra-high modulus polyethylene and polypropylene nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics.

The screw extruder in the step (1) is a twin-screw extruder or a three-screw extruder, preferably a three-screw extruder.

In the step (3), the clothes hanger die head is an integral slit outlet or an equidistantly spaced slit outlet, such as a 2mm slit, and the interval between adjacent slits is 2mm.

The raw material component A and component B are both nano-filled masterbatches, so as to prepare functional nano-melt-blown cloth with corresponding functions.

The ratio of raw material component A and component B in the step (1) can be adjusted, and the thickness between stacked layers can be adjusted according to needs, which can be equal thickness or unequal thickness.

When processing the fibers composed of ultra-high modulus polyethylene and polypropylene in the step (1), the corresponding components and proportions are adjusted according to the situation.

The melt index of the polypropylene for meltblowing is greater than 400g/10min.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: ① the preparation method of the present invention is simple to operate, the conditions are mild, and the cost of raw materials is low; ② the ultra-high modulus polyethylene and polypropylene prepared by the method of the present invention are Nano-melt-blown non-woven fabric has uniform and adjustable structure, excellent mechanical properties, and is easy to be functionalized; ③The method of the present invention is easy to operate, and the existing textile equipment can directly realize ultra-high modulus polyethylene and polypropylene nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics Preparation, through reasonable design and matching of corresponding mature accessories, a large number of ultra-high modulus polyethylene and polypropylene nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics can be obtained, which is convenient for the next industrial application; ④Use of ultra-high modulus polyethylene and polypropylene Polypropylene nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics have a wide range of sources, low cost, and can be mass-produced continuously; The preparation method of high-volume polyethylene and polypropylene nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics meets the social needs of industrialized nano-fibers; the melt film is used in the drafting system to act synergistically with the hot air flow and the electrostatic field to increase the effect of electrostatic force, which is more conducive to micro-fibers By adjusting the form of the electrostatic field, the distribution of microfibers under the action of the electrostatic field can be controlled, and it is easier to achieve microfibers with specific structures and effects.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.

detailed description

In order to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples.

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1, the method for preparing nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics by electrospinning in this embodiment includes the following steps: (1) Raw material component A: a mixture of white oil and ultra-high modulus polyethylene and a raw material group Part B: Polypropylene for melt blowing with a melt index of 405g/10min is fed from two screws of a three-screw extruder respectively, wherein the weight ratio of white oil to ultra-high modulus polyethylene is 95:5; (2 ) Import component A and component B in the step (1) into a micro-layer co-extrusion device under the action of a three-screw extruder, and extrude a laminated material with 35 layers through the micro-layer co-extrusion device; ( 3) The laminated material prepared in the step (2) enters the hanger die head with a slit outlet, and extrudes the laminated material into a melt film with 35 layers and a thickness of 50 μm; (4) Under the action of the hot air flow of the high-speed, high-temperature gradient slit airflow drafting system and the synergistic effect of a 150,000-volt electrostatic field, the melt film gradually becomes thinner until it is torn to become randomly distributed fibers with a diameter of 100-1000nm; (5) The fibers described in step (4) are received by an electrostatic receiving web forming system to make ultra-high modulus polyethylene and polypropylene nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics.

Example 2

As shown in Figure 1, the method for preparing nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics by electrospinning in this embodiment includes the following steps: (1) mixing raw material component A: white oil and ultra-high modulus polyethylene The mixture and raw material component B: melt-blown polypropylene with a melt index of 410g/10min is fed from two screws of a twin-screw extruder respectively, wherein the weight ratio of white oil to ultra-high modulus polyethylene is 85 : 15; (2) In the step (1), component A and component B are introduced into the micro-layer co-extrusion device under the action of the twin-screw extruder, and the number of layers extruded by the micro-layer co-extrusion device is 200 Laminated material; (3) The laminated material prepared in the step (2) enters the hanger die head with two slit outlets at equidistant intervals, and extrudes the laminated material into 200 layers and a thickness of 100 μm (4) The melt film is gradually thinned until it is torn into Fibers with a diameter of 200-1000nm randomly distributed; (5) The fibers described in step (4) are received by an electrostatic receiving web forming system to make ultra-high modulus polyethylene and polypropylene nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics.

Example 3

As shown in Figure 1, the method for preparing nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics by electrospinning in this embodiment includes the following steps: (1) mixing raw material component A: white oil and ultra-high modulus polyethylene The mixture and raw material component B: melt-blown polypropylene with a melt index of 430g/10min is fed from two screws of a twin-screw extruder respectively, wherein the weight ratio of white oil to ultra-high modulus polyethylene is 80 : 10; (2) In the step (1), component A and component B are introduced into the micro-layer co-extrusion device under the action of the twin-screw extruder, and the number of layers extruded by the micro-layer co-extrusion device is 256 Laminated material; (3) The laminated material prepared in the step (2) enters the hanger die head with two slit outlets at equidistant intervals, and the laminated material is extruded into a layer with 256 layers and a thickness of 500 μm (4) The melt film is gradually thinned until it is torn into Fibers with a diameter of 50-1000nm randomly distributed; (5) The fibers described in step (4) are received by an electrostatic receiving web forming system to make ultra-high modulus polyethylene and polypropylene nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics.

Example 4

As shown in Figure 1, the method for preparing nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics by electrospinning in this embodiment includes the following steps: (1) mixing raw material component A: white oil and ultra-high modulus polyethylene The mixture and raw material component B: melt-blown polypropylene with a melt index of 440g/10min is fed from two screws of a twin-screw extruder respectively, wherein the weight ratio of white oil to ultra-high modulus polyethylene is 50 : 50; (2) In the step (1), component A and component B are introduced into the micro-layer co-extrusion device under the action of the twin-screw extruder, and the number of layers extruded by the micro-layer co-extrusion device is 220 Laminated material; (3) The laminated material prepared in the step (2) enters the hanger die head with two slit outlets equidistantly spaced, and the laminated material is extruded into a layer number of 220 and a thickness of 1000 μm (4) Under the action of the hot air flow of the high-speed, high-temperature gradient slit airflow drafting system and the synergistic action of a 100,000-volt electrostatic field, the melt film gradually becomes thinner until it tears into Fibers with a diameter of 50-1500nm randomly distributed; (5) The fibers described in step (4) are received by an electrostatic receiving web forming system to make ultra-high modulus polyethylene and polypropylene nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics.

Example 5

As shown in Figure 1, the method for preparing nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics by electrospinning in this embodiment includes the following steps: (1) mixing raw material component A: white oil and ultra-high modulus polyethylene The mixture and raw material component B: melt-blown polypropylene with a melt index of 420g/10min is fed from two screws of a twin-screw extruder respectively, wherein the weight ratio of white oil to ultra-high modulus polyethylene is 80 : 20; (2) In the step (1), component A and component B are introduced into the micro-layer co-extrusion device under the action of the twin-screw extruder, and the number of layers extruded by the micro-layer co-extrusion device is 300 Laminated material; (3) The laminated material prepared in the step (2) enters the hanger die head with two slit outlets at equidistant intervals, and extrudes the laminated material into 300 layers and a thickness of 1000 μm (4) The melt film is gradually thinned until it is torn into Fibers with a diameter of 20-1500nm randomly distributed; (5) The fibers described in step (4) are received by an electrostatic receiving web forming system to make ultra-high modulus polyethylene and polypropylene nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics.

Example 6

As shown in Figure 1, the method for preparing nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics by electrospinning in this embodiment includes the following steps: (1) mixing raw material component A: white oil and ultra-high modulus polyethylene The mixture and raw material component B: melt-blown polypropylene with a melt index of 405g/10min is fed from two screws of a twin-screw extruder respectively, wherein the weight ratio of white oil to ultra-high modulus polyethylene is 85 : 20; (2) In the step (1), component A and component B are introduced into the micro-layer co-extrusion device under the action of the twin-screw extruder, and the number of layers extruded by the micro-layer co-extrusion device is 256 Laminated material; (3) The laminated material prepared in the step (2) enters the clothes hanger die head with two slit outlets at equidistant intervals, and extrudes the laminated material into a layer with 256 layers and a thickness of 800 μm (4) Under the action of the hot air flow of the high-speed, high-temperature gradient slit air drafting system and the synergistic action of a 150,000-volt electrostatic field, the melt film gradually becomes thinner until it tears into Fibers with a diameter of 100-1500nm randomly distributed; (5) The fibers described in step (4) are received by an electrostatic receiving web forming system to make ultra-high modulus polyethylene and polypropylene nano-melt-blown non-woven fabrics.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of method that method of electrostatic spinning prepares nanometer melt spraying non-woven fabrics, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

（1）Material component A and component B are fed from two screw rods of screw extruder respectively, the component A is white oil and superelevation The weight ratio of the mixture of modules polyethylene, white oil and ultra high modulus polyethylene is 95：5-50：50, the component B use for melt-blown Polypropylene；（2）By the step（1）Middle component A and B component import microbedding co-extruder in the presence of screw extruder, warp Microbedding co-extruder extrudes more than 30 layers of lamination material；（3）The step（2）Obtained lamination material enter clothes hanger die head, and by Extrude the number of plies and be more than the melt films that 30, thickness is 50-1000 μm；（4）The melt films are in drafting system thermal current and electrostatic field Under synergy, melt films are gradually thinned to tear and become fiber；（5）By step（4）The fiber receives networking system through electrostatic System is received, and ultra high modulus polyethylene and polypropylene nano melt spraying non-woven fabrics is made.

2. the method that method of electrostatic spinning according to claim 1 prepares nanometer melt spraying non-woven fabrics, it is characterised in that：The step Suddenly（1）In screw extruder be double screw extruder or three-screw extruder.

3. the method that method of electrostatic spinning according to claim 1 prepares nanometer melt spraying non-woven fabrics, it is characterised in that：The step Suddenly（3）Middle clothes hanger die head is that integral narrow slit is exported or equi-spaced apart slit exit.

4. the method that method of electrostatic spinning according to claim 1 prepares nanometer melt spraying non-woven fabrics, it is characterised in that：The original Expect that component A and component B is nano-filled master batch.

5. the method that the method for electrostatic spinning according to claim any one of 1-4 prepares nanometer melt spraying non-woven fabrics, its feature exists In：The melt-blown is more than 400g/10min with polyacrylic melt index.