CN105800511A - Transversely-telescopic greenhouse transport cart lifting platform - Google Patents
Transversely-telescopic greenhouse transport cart lifting platform Download PDFInfo
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- CN105800511A CN105800511A CN201610341302.4A CN201610341302A CN105800511A CN 105800511 A CN105800511 A CN 105800511A CN 201610341302 A CN201610341302 A CN 201610341302A CN 105800511 A CN105800511 A CN 105800511A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
- B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
- B66F9/065—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks non-masted
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F7/00—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts
- B66F7/06—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts with platforms supported by levers for vertical movement
- B66F7/0625—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts with platforms supported by levers for vertical movement with wheels for moving around the floor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F7/00—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts
- B66F7/06—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts with platforms supported by levers for vertical movement
- B66F7/065—Scissor linkages, i.e. X-configuration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
- B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
- B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
- B66F9/07568—Steering arrangements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
- B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
- B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
- B66F9/07572—Propulsion arrangements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
- B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
- B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
- B66F9/12—Platforms; Forks; Other load supporting or gripping members
- B66F9/127—Working platforms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
- B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
- B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
- B66F9/12—Platforms; Forks; Other load supporting or gripping members
- B66F9/14—Platforms; Forks; Other load supporting or gripping members laterally movable, e.g. swingable, for slewing or transverse movements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
- B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
- B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
- B66F9/20—Means for actuating or controlling masts, platforms, or forks
- B66F9/24—Electrical devices or systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Agricultural Machines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种可横向伸缩温室运输车升降平台，包括底盘、剪叉式升降机构、可伸缩工作台、蓄电池、控制盒和操控面板；底盘包括机架、前轮转向装置、后轮驱动装置和底盘滑槽；前轮转向装置包括步进电机、齿轮I、齿条、铰接架、减震弹簧、前轮；剪叉式升降机构包括内剪叉架、外剪叉架、升降电动推杆和圆柱滚子轴承；可伸缩工作台包括中间工作台、左侧伸缩台、右侧伸缩台、蔬菜筐定位轨、蔬菜筐挡叉、可伸缩工作台滑槽、伸缩台滑槽和伸缩电动推杆；蓄电池及控制盒安装在机架下方托架上；操控面板安装在机架后方。本发明可以适用于同种蔬菜在不同成熟期采摘后的运输作业以及不同尺寸蔬菜筐的运输作业，降低了人工作业强度，提高劳动生产效率。
The invention relates to a horizontally telescopic greenhouse transport vehicle lifting platform, which includes a chassis, a scissor-type lifting mechanism, a telescopic workbench, a battery, a control box and a control panel; the chassis includes a frame, a front wheel steering device, and a rear wheel drive device and chassis chute; front wheel steering device includes stepping motor, gear I, rack, articulated frame, shock absorbing spring, front wheel; scissor lift mechanism includes inner scissor frame, outer scissor frame, lifting electric push rod and cylindrical roller bearings; the telescopic table includes the middle table, the left telescopic table, the right telescopic table, the vegetable basket positioning rail, the vegetable basket retaining fork, the telescopic table chute, the telescopic table chute and the telescopic electric pusher Rod; battery and control box are installed on the bracket below the frame; control panel is installed behind the frame. The invention can be applied to the transportation operation of the same kind of vegetables picked at different maturity stages and the transportation operation of vegetable baskets of different sizes, which reduces the intensity of manual work and improves labor production efficiency.
Description
(一)技术领域(1) Technical field
本发明涉及一种可横向伸缩温室运输车升降平台，属于现代温室蔬菜种植业机械作业设备领域。The invention relates to a horizontally retractable lifting platform for a greenhouse transport vehicle, which belongs to the field of modern greenhouse vegetable planting mechanical operation equipment.
(二)背景技术(2) Background technology
温室蔬菜种植业作为现代农业生产的高级生产方式，可以摆脱时间、地点和气候的影响，延长或缩短蔬菜的生长周期，进行不间断的耕作、生产、收获，最大限度的提高单位土地面积的产量，提高蔬菜产品质量，降低生产成本。但同时温室蔬菜生产是劳动密集型的行业，在温室蔬菜实际采收作业过程中存在如下问题：(1)现代温室蔬菜种植行距较小，运输车不能进入蔬菜行间作业，并且现有技术中多采用轨道式运输车，轨道铺设及维护成本高，操作不方便，因此目前温室人工采摘后蔬菜的运输仍采用传统肩挑人扛搬运的作业方式，劳动强度大，作业效率低；(2)温室蔬菜采摘期一般较长，随着蔬菜不断生长，蔬菜的采摘位置也在不断升高，现有温室运输车大多高度不可调节，不能适应蔬菜不同成熟期的运输作业；(3)采摘后的蔬菜运输时，不同的蔬菜配套使用的蔬菜筐尺寸也不尽相同，现有温室运输车宽度不可调节，不能适用于不同尺寸蔬菜筐运输。随着蔬菜种植业的规模化和产业化，以上问题已经严重制约了蔬菜种植业的发展，因此，急需一种能进入蔬菜行间作业、工作高度可调、宽度可调的成本低、作业可靠、效率高的运输工具以满足温室蔬菜种植业的需求。As an advanced production method of modern agricultural production, greenhouse vegetable planting can get rid of the influence of time, place and climate, extend or shorten the growth cycle of vegetables, carry out uninterrupted farming, production and harvesting, and maximize the output per unit land area , Improve the quality of vegetable products and reduce production costs. But at the same time, the production of greenhouse vegetables is a labor-intensive industry, and there are the following problems in the actual harvesting operation of greenhouse vegetables: (1) the row spacing of modern greenhouse vegetables is small, and the transport vehicles cannot enter the vegetable row to work, and the existing technology Rail-type transport vehicles are mostly used, the cost of track laying and maintenance is high, and the operation is inconvenient. Therefore, the current method of transporting vegetables after manual picking in the greenhouse is still carried by the traditional shoulder-carrying operation method, which is labor-intensive and low-efficiency; (2) The picking period of greenhouse vegetables is generally longer. As the vegetables continue to grow, the picking position of vegetables is also rising. Most of the existing greenhouse transport vehicles are not adjustable in height and cannot adapt to the transportation operations of vegetables at different maturity stages; (3) after picking When transporting vegetables, the size of the vegetable baskets used for different vegetables is also different. The width of the existing greenhouse transport vehicle cannot be adjusted, so it cannot be applied to the transportation of vegetable baskets of different sizes. With the scale and industrialization of the vegetable planting industry, the above problems have seriously restricted the development of the vegetable planting industry. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a low-cost and reliable operation that can enter the vegetable row operation, adjustable working height, and adjustable width. , High-efficiency means of transportation to meet the needs of the greenhouse vegetable planting industry.
(三)发明内容(3) Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有技术中存在的上述不足，提供一种可横向伸缩温室运输车升降平台，其横向尺寸小能进入蔬菜行间作业、作业高度可调、宽度可调，采用轮式底盘，成本低，结构简单，可以适用于同种蔬菜在不同成熟期采摘后的运输作业以及不同尺寸蔬菜筐的运输作业，降低了人工作业强度，提高劳动生产效率。Aiming at the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a horizontally telescopic greenhouse transport vehicle lifting platform, which has a small lateral size and can enter vegetable rows for operation, with adjustable working height and width. Low and simple in structure, it can be applied to the transportation of the same kind of vegetables picked at different maturity stages and the transportation of vegetable baskets of different sizes, which reduces the intensity of manual work and improves labor production efficiency.
本发明解决其技术问题所采取的方案是：The solution taken by the present invention to solve its technical problems is:
一种可横向伸缩温室运输车升降平台，包括底盘、剪叉式升降机构、可伸缩工作台、蓄电池、控制盒和操控面板；底盘包括机架、前轮转向装置、后轮驱动装置和底盘滑槽；前轮转向装置包括步进电机、齿轮I、齿条、铰接架、减震弹簧、前轮；步进电机安装在机架前方；齿轮I安装在步进电机输出轴前方，齿轮I与步进电机连接；齿条中部与齿轮I啮合构成齿轮齿条机构，齿条两端分别与两个前轮铰接；机架下方两侧各设有一个铰接架；铰接架呈等腰三角形，铰接架顶部与前轮铰接，铰接架底部两端通过减震弹簧固定在机架上；步进电机带动齿轮齿条机构运动从而带动前轮绕着铰接架转动，实现整机转向；后轮驱动装置包括U型螺栓、板簧、直流减速电机、齿轮II、齿轮III、壳体、壳体端盖、行星锥齿轮、半轴锥齿轮、半轴、套管、后轮和定位销；直流减速电机固定在壳体上；齿轮III、行星锥齿轮、半轴锥齿轮和壳体组成差速器；齿轮II安装在直流减速电机输出轴前端，齿轮II与直流减速电机连接；齿轮III与齿轮II啮合；行星锥齿轮安装在齿轮III上；机架下方左右两侧对称设置有半轴锥齿轮、半轴、套管和后轮；半轴锥齿轮安装在半轴内侧上，与半轴通过键连接，半轴锥齿轮与行星锥齿轮啮合；两根左右对称安装在机架后部下方两侧，半轴通过轴承安装在壳体上；半轴锥齿轮安装在半轴内侧；半轴外侧为正六棱柱型，半轴外侧一侧面上呈一条直线均匀设有半轴定位孔；套管由空心正六棱柱管与定位板组成，定位板焊接在空心正六棱柱管外端面上；定位板固定连接在后轮轮辐上；每个半轴外侧可活动的套接在套管内；套管与半轴对应套接的一侧面也呈一条直线均匀设有定位孔，用于与半轴通过定位销可活动连接；改变套管定位孔与半轴定位孔之间的连接位置能调节后轮轮距；板簧顶部固定在机架上，板簧底部通过U型螺栓与壳体的凸台连接；整机直线行驶时，直流减速电机带动齿轮II旋转，通过齿轮II与齿轮III的啮合将动力传送至半轴锥齿轮旋转，半轴转动时通过套管带动后轮转动，从而驱动后轮行走；整机转弯时，由齿轮III、行星锥齿轮、半轴锥齿轮和壳体组成的差速器起差速作用，改善整机转弯性能；底盘滑槽安装在机架上部后方，外剪叉架可活动的安装在底盘滑槽中，底盘滑槽为剪叉式升降机构滑移提供轨道。A horizontally telescopic greenhouse transport vehicle lifting platform, including a chassis, a scissor lift mechanism, a telescopic workbench, a battery, a control box and a control panel; the chassis includes a frame, a front wheel steering device, a rear wheel drive device and a chassis slide Groove; Front wheel steering device comprises stepper motor, gear 1, rack, articulated frame, damping spring, front wheel; Stepper motor is installed in the frame front; Gear 1 is installed in the front of stepper motor output shaft, and gear 1 and The stepper motor is connected; the middle part of the rack meshes with the gear I to form a rack and pinion mechanism, and the two ends of the rack are respectively hinged with the two front wheels; there is a hinged frame on both sides of the bottom of the frame; the hinged frame is an isosceles triangle, hinged The top of the frame is hinged with the front wheels, and the two ends of the bottom of the frame are fixed on the frame by shock-absorbing springs; the stepper motor drives the rack and pinion mechanism to drive the front wheels to rotate around the frame to realize the steering of the whole machine; the rear wheel drive device Including U-bolts, leaf springs, DC geared motor, gear II, gear III, housing, housing end cover, planetary bevel gear, half shaft bevel gear, half shaft, bushing, rear wheel and positioning pin; DC geared motor Fixed on the housing; gear III, planetary bevel gear, half-shaft bevel gear and housing form a differential; gear II is installed on the front end of the output shaft of the DC gear motor, and gear II is connected to the DC gear motor; gear III meshes with gear II ;The planetary bevel gear is installed on the gear III; the left and right sides of the bottom of the frame are symmetrically arranged with the half shaft bevel gear, half shaft, sleeve and rear wheel; the half shaft bevel gear is installed on the inner side of the half shaft, and is connected with the half shaft through a key , the half-shaft bevel gear meshes with the planetary bevel gear; two symmetrically installed on both sides of the rear of the frame, the half-shaft is installed on the shell through the bearing; the half-shaft bevel gear is installed on the inside of the half-shaft; the outside of the half-shaft is positive six Prismatic type, the outer side of the half shaft is uniformly provided with a half shaft positioning hole in a straight line; the casing is composed of a hollow regular hexagonal prism tube and a positioning plate, and the positioning plate is welded on the outer end surface of the hollow regular hexagonal prism tube; the positioning plate is fixedly connected to the rear On the spokes of the wheel; the outer side of each semi-shaft is movably socketed in the sleeve; the sleeve and the side of the semi-shaft corresponding to the socket are also uniformly provided with positioning holes in a straight line, which are used to flexibly connect with the semi-axis through positioning pins ;Changing the connection position between the casing positioning hole and the half shaft positioning hole can adjust the rear wheel track; the top of the leaf spring is fixed on the frame, and the bottom of the leaf spring is connected to the boss of the shell through U-shaped bolts; the whole machine is straight When driving, the DC deceleration motor drives the gear II to rotate, and the power is transmitted to the half shaft bevel gear through the meshing of the gear II and the gear III to rotate. When the half shaft rotates, the casing drives the rear wheel to rotate, thereby driving the rear wheel to walk; the whole machine turns At the same time, the differential gear composed of gear III, planetary bevel gear, half-shaft bevel gear and housing plays a differential role to improve the turning performance of the whole machine; the chassis chute is installed behind the upper part of the frame, and the outer scissor frame is movable Installed in the chassis chute, which provides a track for the scissor lift mechanism to slide.
剪叉式升降机构包括内剪叉架、外剪叉架、升降电动推杆和圆柱滚子轴承；内剪叉架下端铰接在机架上，内剪叉架中部设有横梁，上端两侧各安装有圆柱滚子轴承，圆柱滚子轴承可活动的安装在可伸缩工作台滑槽内；内剪叉架上端可沿着可伸缩工作台滑槽滑动；外剪叉架下端两侧各安装有圆柱滚子轴承，外剪叉架下部设有横梁；外剪叉架上端铰接在可伸缩工作台底部；圆柱滚子轴承可活动的安装在底盘滑槽内，外剪叉架可沿着底盘滑槽滑动；内剪叉架与外剪叉架中部铰接在一起；升降电动推杆下端铰接在外剪叉架下横梁上，上端铰接在内剪叉架中部横梁上；升降电动推杆伸缩分别带动内剪叉架和外剪叉架沿着可伸缩工作台滑槽与底盘滑槽移动，从而调节可伸缩工作台升降以适应不同高度蔬菜采摘后的运输作业。The scissor lift mechanism includes an inner scissor frame, an outer scissor frame, a lifting electric push rod and a cylindrical roller bearing; Cylindrical roller bearings are installed, and the cylindrical roller bearings are movably installed in the chute of the telescopic worktable; the upper end of the inner scissors can slide along the chute of the telescopic workbench; the lower end of the outer scissors is installed on both sides. Cylindrical roller bearings, the lower part of the outer scissor frame is equipped with a beam; the upper end of the outer scissor frame is hinged at the bottom of the telescopic worktable; the cylindrical roller bearing can be installed in the chute of the chassis, and the outer scissor frame can slide along the chassis The slot slides; the inner scissor frame and the middle part of the outer scissor frame are hinged together; the lower end of the lifting electric push rod is hinged on the lower beam of the outer scissor frame, and the upper end is hinged on the middle beam of the inner scissor frame; The scissor frame and the outer scissor frame move along the chute of the telescopic worktable and the chute of the chassis, thereby adjusting the lifting of the telescopic workbench to adapt to the transportation operation after picking vegetables at different heights.
可伸缩工作台包括中间工作台、左侧伸缩台、右侧伸缩台、蔬菜筐定位轨、蔬菜筐挡叉、可伸缩工作台滑槽、伸缩台滑槽和伸缩电动推杆；中间工作台底部前端设有外剪叉架铰接耳，外剪叉架顶部与外剪叉架铰接耳通过销轴铰接；中间工作台底部沿蔬菜筐运输方向对称设有可伸缩工作台滑槽；可横向伸缩工作台通过剪叉式升降机构安装在温室运输车上；中间工作台底部前后两端对称设有伸缩台滑槽；左侧伸缩台和右侧伸缩台可活动的对称安装在中间工作台底部左右两侧；左侧伸缩台和右侧伸缩台的前后两端分别可活动的安装在伸缩台滑槽中；左侧伸缩台和右侧伸缩台外侧中部均设有铰接耳，两个铰接耳分别与伸缩电动推杆顶部铰接；每个伸缩电动推杆的底端固定在中间工作台底面；伸缩电动推杆伸缩带动左侧伸缩台和右侧伸缩台分别沿着伸缩台滑槽相对或相向移动，以调节左、右两个伸缩台之间的间距，以适应不同宽度蔬菜筐运输需要；中间工作台、左侧伸缩台和右伸缩台的前后两端在横向上均设有若干定位孔，蔬菜筐定位轨前后两端分别设有蔬菜筐定位轨安装孔；两个蔬菜筐定位轨分别对称布置于中间工作台两侧或分别布置于左侧伸缩台和右侧伸缩台上，蔬菜筐定位轨通过所述安装孔与所述定位孔相配合进行定位；当蔬菜筐宽度较小时，左侧伸缩台和右侧伸缩台缩在中间工作台下面，将蔬菜筐定位轨对称布置于中间工作台两侧；当蔬菜筐宽度较大时，使用伸缩电动推杆推动左侧伸缩台和右侧伸缩台对称伸出，两侧的蔬菜筐定位轨分别布置在左侧伸缩台和右侧伸缩台上；蔬菜筐放置在两个蔬菜筐定位轨之间，防止蔬菜筐的横向移动；所述定位轨与不同所述的定位孔配合可以满足不同宽度蔬菜筐定位要求；蔬菜筐定位轨上部设有若干蔬菜筐挡叉孔；蔬菜筐挡叉安装在蔬菜筐挡叉孔内；每四个蔬菜筐挡叉用于固定一个蔬菜筐，用于防止蔬菜筐前后移动。The telescopic workbench includes the middle workbench, the left telescopic table, the right telescopic table, the vegetable basket positioning rail, the vegetable basket retaining fork, the telescopic workbench chute, the telescopic table chute and the telescopic electric push rod; the bottom of the middle workbench The front end is equipped with the hinged ear of the outer scissor frame, and the top of the outer scissor frame is hinged with the hinged ear of the outer scissor frame through a pin shaft; the bottom of the middle worktable is symmetrically provided with a retractable workbench chute along the direction of vegetable basket transportation; it can work horizontally and telescopically. The table is installed on the greenhouse transport vehicle through a scissor-type lifting mechanism; the front and rear ends of the bottom of the middle table are symmetrically equipped with telescopic table chutes; the left telescopic table and the right telescopic table are movable and symmetrically installed on the left and right sides of the bottom of the middle table side; the front and rear ends of the left telescopic table and the right telescopic table are movable respectively installed in the chute of the telescopic table; the outer middle of the left telescopic table and the right telescopic table are equipped with hinged ears, and the two hinged ears are respectively connected with The top of the telescopic electric push rod is hinged; the bottom end of each telescopic electric push rod is fixed on the bottom surface of the middle table; the telescopic electric push rod stretches and drives the left telescopic table and the right telescopic table to move relative or opposite to each other along the telescopic table chute. To adjust the distance between the left and right telescopic tables to meet the transportation needs of vegetable baskets of different widths; the front and rear ends of the middle table, the left telescopic table and the right telescopic table are provided with a number of positioning holes in the horizontal direction. The front and rear ends of the basket positioning rail are respectively equipped with mounting holes for the vegetable basket positioning rail; the two vegetable basket positioning rails are respectively arranged symmetrically on both sides of the middle workbench or on the left telescopic table and the right telescopic table respectively. Positioning is carried out through the cooperation of the installation hole and the positioning hole; when the width of the vegetable basket is small, the left telescopic table and the right telescopic table are shrunk under the middle worktable, and the vegetable basket positioning rails are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the middle workbench. Side; when the width of the vegetable basket is large, use the telescopic electric push rod to push the left telescopic table and the right telescopic table to extend out symmetrically, and the vegetable basket positioning rails on both sides are respectively arranged on the left telescopic table and the right telescopic table; The vegetable basket is placed between two vegetable basket positioning rails to prevent the lateral movement of the vegetable basket; the positioning rail cooperates with different positioning holes to meet the positioning requirements of vegetable baskets of different widths; the upper part of the vegetable basket positioning rail is provided with several vegetable baskets. The basket retaining fork hole; the vegetable basket retaining fork is installed in the vegetable basket retaining fork hole; every four vegetable basket retaining forks are used to fix a vegetable basket to prevent the vegetable basket from moving back and forth.
蓄电池及控制盒安装在机架下方托架上；操控面板安装在机架后方。The storage battery and the control box are installed on the bracket under the frame; the control panel is installed at the rear of the frame.
蓄电池为步进电机、直流减速电机、升降电动推杆、伸缩电动推杆、控制盒、操控面板供电；步进电机驱动器、直流减速电机调节器、升降电动推杆及伸缩电动推杆驱动器安装在控制盒内，步进电机驱动器、直流减速电机调节器、升降电动推杆和伸缩电动推杆驱动器分别连接步进电机、直流减速电机、升降电动推杆和伸缩电动推杆；操控面板设有步进电机转向按钮、直流减速电机调节旋钮、升降电动推杆升降按钮以及伸缩电动推杆伸缩按钮，用于分别控制步进电机、直流减速电机、升降电动推杆和伸缩电动推杆。The battery supplies power for the stepping motor, DC gear motor, lifting electric push rod, telescopic electric push rod, control box and control panel; the stepping motor driver, DC gear motor regulator, lifting electric push rod and telescopic electric push rod driver are installed on In the control box, the stepper motor driver, DC geared motor regulator, lifting electric push rod and telescopic electric push rod driver are respectively connected to the stepping motor, DC geared motor, lifting electric push rod and telescopic electric push rod; The steering button of the feed motor, the adjustment knob of the DC gear motor, the lift button of the lifting electric push rod, and the telescopic button of the telescopic electric push rod are used to control the stepping motor, the DC gear motor, the lifting electric push rod and the telescopic electric push rod respectively.
本发明使用时，首先根据蔬菜筐尺寸大小通过伸缩电动推杆伸缩按钮调节可伸缩工作台工作宽度并相应调整蔬菜筐定位轨安装位置，同时将蔬菜筐放入可伸缩工作台，利用蔬菜筐定位轨对蔬菜筐进行横向定位，安装四个蔬菜筐挡叉对蔬菜筐进行前后定位，然后根据蔬菜采摘作业高度要求通过升降电动推杆升降按钮调节可伸缩工作台高度，便于蔬菜采摘后放入蔬菜筐，最后根据需要操作步进电机转向按钮、直流减速电机调节旋钮调整整机方向及速度。When using the present invention, first adjust the working width of the telescopic workbench through the telescopic button of the telescopic electric push rod according to the size of the vegetable basket, and adjust the installation position of the positioning rail of the vegetable basket accordingly. The vegetable basket is horizontally positioned by the rail, and four vegetable basket forks are installed to position the vegetable basket front and rear, and then according to the height requirements of the vegetable picking operation, the height of the retractable workbench is adjusted through the lifting electric push rod lifting button, which is convenient for putting the vegetables in after picking. Finally, operate the stepper motor steering button and the DC gear motor adjustment knob to adjust the direction and speed of the whole machine according to the needs.
采用本发明会取得以下有益效果：Adopt the present invention can obtain following beneficial effect:
(1)本发明采用蓄电池作为能源作用于温室，绿色环保。整机横向尺寸小，可进入蔬菜行间作业，后轮轮距可调，适用于不同种植行距蔬菜运输作业，改善蔬菜运输稳定性。后轮采用差速器，改善了转向性能。(1) The present invention uses accumulators as energy to act on the greenhouse, which is environmentally friendly. The horizontal size of the whole machine is small, and it can enter the operation between vegetable rows. The rear wheel track is adjustable, which is suitable for vegetable transportation operations with different planting row spacing, and improves the stability of vegetable transportation. The rear wheels feature a differential for improved steering.
(2)本发明采用剪叉式升降机构，工作高度可调，适用于同种蔬菜不同成熟期采收或不同蔬菜采收后的运输作业，剪叉式升降机构的升降采用电动推杆驱动，电动推杆动作灵活、可靠、运动平稳、易于精确控制，带有自锁功能，保证了工作安全。(2) The present invention adopts a scissor-type lifting mechanism with adjustable working height, which is suitable for harvesting of the same kind of vegetables at different maturity stages or transportation after different vegetables are harvested. The lifting of the scissor-type lifting mechanism is driven by an electric push rod. The electric push rod is flexible, reliable, stable, easy to control precisely, and has a self-locking function to ensure work safety.
(3)本发明可横向伸缩工作台包括中间工作台、左侧工作台以及右侧工作台，横向工作宽度可调，配套蔬菜筐定位轨以及蔬菜筐挡叉，可适用于不同尺寸蔬菜筐运输需求，蔬菜筐在可伸缩工作台上横向、前后完全定位，根据蔬菜筐尺寸的不同，可以放置多个蔬菜筐，增大了运输能力，进而提升了工作效率。(3) The horizontally telescopic workbench of the present invention includes a middle workbench, a left workbench and a right workbench, and the horizontal working width is adjustable, and it is equipped with vegetable basket positioning rails and vegetable basket retaining forks, which can be applied to the transportation of vegetable baskets of different sizes Demand, the vegetable basket is completely positioned horizontally, front and rear on the retractable workbench. According to the different sizes of the vegetable basket, multiple vegetable baskets can be placed, which increases the transportation capacity and improves work efficiency.
(四)附图说明(4) Description of drawings
图1是整体结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure;
图2是底盘结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of chassis structure;
图3是后轮驱动装置结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the rear wheel drive device;
图4是可伸缩工作台上部结构示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the upper structure of the retractable workbench;
图5是可伸缩工作台底部结构示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the retractable workbench;
图6是整机工作原理示意图；Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the whole machine;
图中：1.控制盒，2.蓄电池，3.外剪叉架，4.蔬菜筐，5.可伸缩工作台，6.内剪叉架，7.升降电动推杆，8.操控面板，9.底盘，10.圆柱滚子轴承，11.内外剪叉架铰接销轴，12.中间工作台，13.蔬菜筐定位轨安装孔，14.蔬菜筐定位轨，15.定位孔，16.右侧伸缩台，17.左侧伸缩台，18.蔬菜筐挡叉，19.蔬菜筐挡叉孔，20.伸缩电动推杆，21.可伸缩工作台滑槽，22.伸缩台滑槽，23.板簧，24.机架，25.前轮，26.减震弹簧，27.铰接架，28.齿轮I，29.步进电机，30.齿条，31.底盘滑槽，32.直流减速电机，33.后轮，34.U型螺栓，35.壳体端盖，36.齿轮II，37.齿轮III，38.壳体，39.行星锥齿轮，40.半轴锥齿轮，41.半轴，42.定位销，43.套管。In the figure: 1. Control box, 2. Battery, 3. Outer scissor frame, 4. Vegetable basket, 5. Retractable workbench, 6. Inner scissor frame, 7. Lifting electric push rod, 8. Control panel, 9. Chassis, 10. Cylindrical roller bearings, 11. Internal and external scissor frame hinge pins, 12. Intermediate table, 13. Vegetable basket positioning rail mounting holes, 14. Vegetable basket positioning rails, 15. Positioning holes, 16. Right telescopic table, 17. Left telescopic table, 18. Vegetable basket fork stop, 19. Vegetable basket stop fork hole, 20. Telescopic electric push rod, 21. Telescopic table chute, 22. Telescopic table chute, 23. leaf spring, 24. frame, 25. front wheel, 26. damping spring, 27. articulated frame, 28. gear I, 29. stepping motor, 30. rack, 31. chassis chute, 32. DC geared motor, 33. rear wheel, 34. U-bolt, 35. shell end cover, 36. gear II, 37. gear III, 38. shell, 39. planetary bevel gear, 40. half shaft bevel gear, 41. Half shaft, 42. Dowel pin, 43. Sleeve.
(五)具体的实施方式(5) Specific implementation methods
本发明主要用于现代温室蔬菜采摘后的运输作业，下面将结合附图对本发明一种可横向伸缩温室运输车升降平台作进一步说明。The present invention is mainly used for transporting vegetables after picking in modern greenhouses. A horizontally telescopic greenhouse transport vehicle lifting platform of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1～6所示，本发明一种可横向伸缩温室运输车升降平台包括底盘9、剪叉式升降机构、可伸缩工作台5、蓄电池2、控制盒1及操控面板8；底盘9包括机架24、前轮转向装置、后轮驱动装置、底盘滑槽31；前轮转向装置包括步进电机29、齿轮I28、齿条30、铰接架27、减震弹簧26、前轮25；步进电机29安装在机架24前方，通过螺栓与机架24固定；齿轮I28安装在步进电机29输出轴前方，与步进电机29通过键连接；齿条30中部与齿轮I28啮合构成齿轮齿条机构，齿条30两端分别于两个前轮25铰接；铰接架27呈等腰三角形，铰接架27顶部与前轮25铰接，两腰底部通过减震弹簧26与机架24固定；通过步进电机29的正反转带动齿轮齿条机构运动从而带动前轮25绕着铰接架27转动，实现整机转向；后轮驱动装置包括U型螺栓34、板簧23、直流减速电机32、齿轮II36、齿轮III37、壳体38、壳体端盖35、行星锥齿轮39、半轴锥齿轮40、半轴41、套管43、后轮33、定位销42；齿轮III37、行星锥齿轮39、半轴锥齿轮40、壳体38组成了差速器；齿轮II36安装在直流减速电机32输出轴前端，与直流减速电机32通过键连接；齿轮III37与齿轮II36啮合；行星锥齿轮39安装在齿轮III37上；半轴锥齿轮40安装在半轴41内侧，与半轴41通过键连接；半轴41安装在壳体38上，半轴41外侧为正六棱柱结构，在一侧端面上开有若干定位孔；套管43由空心正六棱柱管与定位板组成，定位板焊接在空心正六棱柱管外端面上；半轴41外侧可活动的套接在套管43的空心正六棱柱管内；套管43空心正六棱柱管与半轴41对应的一侧面也呈一条直线均匀设有定位孔，用于与半轴41通过定位销42可活动连接；改变套管空心正六棱柱管定位孔与半轴定位孔之间的连接位置能调节后轮33轮距；后轮33轮辐与套管43定位板通过螺栓固定；板簧23顶部与机架24通过螺栓固定，板簧23底部通过U型螺栓34与壳体38凸台连接；直流减速电机32安装在壳体38上，通过螺栓与壳体38固定；整机直线行驶时，直流减速电机32带动齿轮II36旋转，通过齿轮II36与齿轮III37的啮合将动力传送至半轴锥齿轮40旋转，从而驱动后轮33行走；整机转弯时，由齿轮III37、行星锥齿轮39、半轴锥齿轮40、壳体38组成的差速器起差速作用，改善整机转弯性能；底盘滑槽31安装在机架24后方，为剪叉式升降机构外剪叉架3滑移提供轨道。As shown in Figures 1 to 6, a horizontally telescopic greenhouse transport vehicle lifting platform of the present invention includes a chassis 9, a scissor-type lifting mechanism, a telescopic workbench 5, a battery 2, a control box 1 and a control panel 8; the chassis 9 includes Frame 24, front wheel steering gear, rear wheel drive, chassis chute 31; The motor 29 is installed in the front of the frame 24, fixed with the frame 24 by bolts; the gear I28 is installed in the front of the output shaft of the stepping motor 29, and is connected with the stepping motor 29 by a key; the middle part of the rack 30 is meshed with the gear I28 to form a gear tooth Bar mechanism, the two ends of the rack 30 are respectively hinged on the two front wheels 25; the hinged frame 27 is an isosceles triangle, the top of the hinged frame 27 is hinged with the front wheels 25, and the bottoms of the two waists are fixed with the frame 24 by the shock absorbing spring 26; The positive and negative rotation of the stepper motor 29 drives the rack and pinion mechanism to move so as to drive the front wheel 25 to rotate around the hinged frame 27 to realize the steering of the whole machine; Gear II36, gear III37, housing 38, housing end cover 35, planetary bevel gear 39, half shaft bevel gear 40, half shaft 41, bushing 43, rear wheel 33, positioning pin 42; gear III37, planetary bevel gear 39 , half-shaft bevel gear 40, and housing 38 form a differential; gear II36 is installed on the front end of the output shaft of DC geared motor 32, and is connected with DC geared motor 32 by a key; gear III37 meshes with gear II36; planetary bevel gear 39 is installed on on the gear III37; the half-shaft bevel gear 40 is installed on the inner side of the half-shaft 41, and is connected with the half-shaft 41 through a key; Several positioning holes; the sleeve 43 is composed of a hollow regular hexagonal prism tube and a positioning plate, and the positioning plate is welded on the outer end surface of the hollow regular hexagonal prism tube; 43 The side of the hollow regular hexagonal prism tube corresponding to the half shaft 41 is also in a straight line and evenly provided with positioning holes, which are used to movably connect with the half shaft 41 through the positioning pin 42; The connection position between the holes can adjust the rear wheel 33 wheelbases; the rear wheel 33 spokes and the sleeve pipe 43 location plates are fixed by bolts; Housing 38 bosses are connected; DC deceleration motor 32 is installed on the housing 38, and is fixed with housing 38 by bolt; The power is transmitted to the half-shaft bevel gear 40 to rotate, thereby driving the rear wheel 33 to walk; when the whole machine is turning, the differential gear composed of gear III37, planetary bevel gear 39, half-shaft bevel gear 40, and housing 38 acts as a differential. Improve the turning performance of the whole machine; the chassis chute 31 is installed behind the frame 24 , providing a track for the sliding of the scissor frame 3 outside the scissor lift mechanism.
如图1所示，剪叉式升降机构包括内剪叉架6、外剪叉架3、升降电动推杆7、圆柱滚子轴承10；内剪叉架6下端通过销轴铰接在机架24上，中部设有横梁，上端两侧各安装有圆柱滚子轴承10，圆柱滚子轴承10外表面与可伸缩工作台滑槽21内表面相配合，内剪叉架6上方可以通过圆柱滚子轴承10沿着可伸缩工作台滑槽21滑动；外剪叉架3下端两侧各安装有圆柱滚子轴承10，下部设有横梁，上部通过销轴铰接在可伸缩工作台5底部；圆柱滚子轴承10外表面与底盘滑槽31内表面相配合，外剪叉架3可以通过圆柱滚子轴承10沿着底盘滑槽31滑动；内剪叉架6与外剪叉架3中部通过内外剪叉架铰接销轴11铰接在一起；升降电动推杆7下方铰接在外剪叉架3下横梁上，上端铰接在内剪叉架6中部横梁上；升降电动推杆7的伸缩分别带动内外剪叉架6、3沿着可伸缩工作台滑槽21与底盘滑槽31移动，从而驱动可伸缩工作台5升降以适应不同高度蔬菜采摘后的运输作业。As shown in Figure 1, the scissor lift mechanism includes an inner scissor frame 6, an outer scissor frame 3, a lifting electric push rod 7, and a cylindrical roller bearing 10; the lower end of the inner scissor frame 6 is hinged on the frame 24 through a pin The upper and middle parts are provided with beams, and cylindrical roller bearings 10 are installed on both sides of the upper end. The outer surface of the cylindrical roller bearings 10 matches the inner surface of the retractable workbench chute 21, and the upper part of the inner scissor frame 6 can pass through the cylindrical roller The bearing 10 slides along the chute 21 of the retractable workbench; cylindrical roller bearings 10 are respectively installed on both sides of the lower end of the outer scissor frame 3, the lower part is provided with a beam, and the upper part is hinged to the bottom of the retractable workbench 5 through pin shafts; The outer surface of the sub-bearing 10 matches the inner surface of the chassis chute 31, and the outer scissor frame 3 can slide along the chassis chute 31 through the cylindrical roller bearing 10; The hinged pins 11 of the fork frame are hinged together; the lower part of the lifting electric push rod 7 is hinged on the lower beam of the outer scissor frame 3, and the upper end is hinged on the middle beam of the inner scissor frame 6; the expansion and contraction of the lifting electric push rod 7 drives the inner and outer scissors respectively. Frames 6, 3 move along the telescopic workbench chute 21 and the chassis chute 31, thereby driving the telescopic workbench 5 to lift to adapt to the transportation operation after picking vegetables at different heights.
如图1和图4～6所示，可伸缩工作台5由中间工作台5、左侧伸缩台17、右侧伸缩台16、蔬菜筐定位轨14、蔬菜筐定位轨固定螺栓13、蔬菜筐挡叉19、可伸缩工作台滑槽21、伸缩电动推杆20；中间工作台12底部前端设有铰接耳，中间工作台12铰接耳与外剪叉架3上部通过销轴铰接；可伸缩工作台滑槽21固定于中间工作台12底部，为剪叉式升降机构内剪叉架6滑移提供轨道；左侧伸缩台17、右侧伸缩台16中部设有铰接耳，与伸缩电动推杆20顶部铰接，两端可沿着伸缩台滑槽22移动；伸缩电动推杆20位于中间工作台12底部中间，底部通过销轴铰接在中间工作台12底面，顶部通过销轴与左右侧伸缩台17、16中部铰接耳铰接；伸缩电动推杆20的伸缩可带动左右侧伸缩台17、16分别沿着伸缩台滑槽22移动，增大或减小可伸缩工作台5的工作幅宽，以适应不同蔬菜筐4运输需要；中间工作台12及左右伸缩台17、16两端在横向方向上(即蔬菜筐宽度方向)设有若干定位孔15；蔬菜筐定位轨14对称布置于可伸缩工作台5两侧，蔬菜筐定位轨14与中间工作台12或左右伸缩台17、16通过螺栓固定，蔬菜筐4放置于蔬菜筐定位轨14内，限制蔬菜筐4的横向移动，根据蔬菜筐4尺寸的不同，可以放置2～3个；蔬菜筐定位轨安装孔13与不同定位孔15配合可以满足不同尺寸蔬菜筐4定位要求；蔬菜筐定位轨14上设有若干蔬菜筐挡叉孔19；蔬菜筐挡叉18有四个，分别安装在两侧蔬菜筐定位轨14的蔬菜筐挡叉孔19内，用于限制蔬菜筐4前后移动。As shown in Figure 1 and Figures 4 to 6, the telescopic workbench 5 consists of the middle workbench 5, the left side telescopic table 17, the right side telescopic table 16, the vegetable basket positioning rail 14, the vegetable basket positioning rail fixing bolt 13, the vegetable basket positioning rail Blocking fork 19, retractable workbench chute 21, telescopic electric push rod 20; the front end of the bottom of the middle workbench 12 is provided with hinged ears, and the hinged ears of the middle workbench 12 are hinged with the upper part of the outer scissor frame 3 through pin shafts; the telescopic work The table chute 21 is fixed on the bottom of the middle workbench 12, and provides a track for the sliding of the scissor frame 6 in the scissor lift mechanism; the left telescopic table 17 and the middle part of the right telescopic table 16 are provided with hinged ears, which are connected with telescopic electric push rods. The top of 20 is hinged, and both ends can move along the chute 22 of the telescopic table; the telescopic electric push rod 20 is located in the middle of the bottom of the middle table 12, and the bottom is hinged to the bottom of the middle table 12 through a pin shaft, and the top is connected to the left and right telescopic tables through a pin shaft. 17 and 16 are hinged with hinged ears in the middle; the expansion and contraction of the telescopic electric push rod 20 can drive the left and right side telescopic tables 17 and 16 to move along the telescopic table chute 22 respectively, increasing or reducing the working width of the telescopic workbench 5 to Adapt to the transportation needs of different vegetable baskets 4; the two ends of the middle workbench 12 and the left and right telescopic platforms 17, 16 are provided with a number of positioning holes 15 in the transverse direction (that is, the width direction of the vegetable basket); the vegetable basket positioning rails 14 are symmetrically arranged on the telescopic work On both sides of the platform 5, the vegetable basket positioning rail 14 and the middle worktable 12 or the left and right telescopic platforms 17, 16 are fixed by bolts, and the vegetable basket 4 is placed in the vegetable basket positioning rail 14 to limit the lateral movement of the vegetable basket 4. According to the vegetable basket 4 Depending on the size, 2 to 3 can be placed; the combination of the vegetable basket positioning rail mounting hole 13 and different positioning holes 15 can meet the positioning requirements of vegetable baskets 4 of different sizes; the vegetable basket positioning rail 14 is provided with several vegetable basket fork holes 19; There are four vegetable basket retaining forks 18, which are respectively installed in the vegetable basket retaining fork holes 19 of the vegetable basket positioning rails 14 on both sides, for limiting the vegetable basket 4 to move forward and backward.
如图1和图2所示，蓄电池2及控制盒1安装在机架24下方托架上；操控面板8安装在机架24后方。As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the battery 2 and the control box 1 are installed on the bracket below the frame 24 ; the control panel 8 is installed behind the frame 24 .
本发明使用时，蓄电池2为步进电机29、直流减速电机32、升降电动推杆7、伸缩电动推杆20、控制盒1、操控面板8供电；步进电机驱动器、直流减速电机调节器、升降电动推杆及伸缩电动推杆驱动器安装在控制盒1内；操控面板8设有步进电机转向按钮、直流减速电机调节旋钮、升降电动推杆升降按钮以及伸缩电动推杆伸缩按钮。使用前首先根据蔬菜筐尺寸大小通过伸缩电动推杆伸缩按钮调节可伸缩工作台5工作宽度并相应调整蔬菜筐定位轨14安装位置，同时将蔬菜筐4放入可伸缩工作台5，利用蔬菜筐定位轨14对蔬菜筐4进行横向定位，安装四个蔬菜筐挡叉19对蔬菜筐4进行前后定位，然后根据蔬菜采摘作业高度要求通过升降电动推杆升降按钮调节可伸缩工作台5高度，便于蔬菜采摘后放入蔬菜筐4，最后根据需要操作步进电机转向按钮、直流减速电机调节旋钮调整整机方向及速度。During the use of the present invention, battery 2 supplies power for stepper motor 29, DC gear motor 32, lifting electric push rod 7, telescopic electric push rod 20, control box 1, control panel 8; step motor driver, DC gear motor regulator, The lifting electric push rod and the telescopic electric push rod driver are installed in the control box 1; the control panel 8 is provided with a stepper motor steering button, a DC gear motor adjustment knob, a lifting electric push rod lifting button and a telescopic electric push rod telescopic button. Before use, first adjust the working width of the telescopic workbench 5 through the telescopic button of the telescopic electric push rod according to the size of the vegetable basket and adjust the installation position of the positioning rail 14 of the vegetable basket accordingly. Positioning rail 14 carries out lateral positioning to vegetable basket 4, installs four vegetable basket retaining forks 19 and carries out front and rear positioning to vegetable basket 4, then adjusts the height of telescopic workbench 5 by lifting electric push rod lifting button according to the height requirement of vegetable picking operation, convenient Put the vegetables into the vegetable basket 4 after picking, and finally operate the stepper motor steering button and the DC gear motor adjustment knob to adjust the direction and speed of the whole machine as required.
本实例以温室蔬菜采摘后运输作业为例，本发明作业功能不局限于温室蔬菜运输作业，可根据实际需要对可伸缩工作台进行调整，应用于温室运输化肥、农药、种子等其他物体。This example takes the transportation of vegetables in the greenhouse as an example. The operation function of the present invention is not limited to the transportation of vegetables in the greenhouse. The retractable workbench can be adjusted according to actual needs and applied to the transportation of fertilizers, pesticides, seeds and other objects in the greenhouse.
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