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CN105739161A - 偏振控制单元 - Google Patents

偏振控制单元 Download PDF

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CN105739161A
CN105739161A CN201410756697.5A CN201410756697A CN105739161A CN 105739161 A CN105739161 A CN 105739161A CN 201410756697 A CN201410756697 A CN 201410756697A CN 105739161 A CN105739161 A CN 105739161A
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substrate
liquid crystal
control unit
electrode
crystal layer
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尹娥罗
李荣福
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LG Display Co Ltd
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    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/1393Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/22Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type
    • G02B30/25Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type using polarisation techniques
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133377Cells with plural compartments or having plurality of liquid crystal microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. one microcell per pixel
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering

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Abstract

偏振控制单元。提供了一种适于2D/3D图像显示装置的偏振控制单元。该偏振控制单元包括:第一基板;第二基板;其与所述第一基板相对设置;第一电极,其设置在所述第一基板的与所述第二基板相对的表面上;第二电极,其设置在所述第二基板的与所述第一基板相对的表面上;聚合物分散液晶层,其设置在所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间。所述聚合物分散液晶层包括支撑所述第一基板和所述第二基板的分隔墙;和布置在由所述分隔墙限定的空间中的液晶分子。

Description

偏振控制单元
技术领域
本文献涉及偏振控制单元,更特别地,涉及适于2D/3D图像显示装置的偏振控制单元。
背景技术
立体图像显示器被分类为立体显示器和自动立体显示器。利用带有高立体效果的观众的左右眼视差图像的立体显示器包括都已投入实际运用的眼镜型显示器和无眼镜显示器。
在眼镜型显示器中,左右眼视差图像通过改变偏振方向或以时分方式显示在直观式(direct-veiw)显示元件或投影仪上,使用偏振眼镜或液晶快门眼镜来表现立体图像。无眼镜型显示器通常被分类为视差屏障显示器(parallaxbarrierdisplay)和透镜显示器(lenticulardisplay)。
视差屏障显示器通过使用屏障选择性阻挡从显示面板入射的光,分别向观众的左眼和右眼呈现立体图像。这种技术的缺点在于,因为穿过屏障的光相比于入射光减少了大约50%或更少,所以它的亮度损失很大。透镜显示器通过使用设置在显示面板和观众之间的双面凸透镜,分别向左眼和右眼呈现立体图像。透镜显示器比视差屏障显示器的亮度损失少。
然而,前述视差屏障显示器和透镜显示器不能显示2D图像,这是因为光学分离不可在进行(on)和不进行(OFF)之间切换。因此,提出了没有亮度损失并且能在2D和3D之间进行切换的可切换显示器。
可切换显示器是通过控制施加到液晶的电压在2D和3D之间进行切换的显示器,并且包括用于显示图像的显示面板、用于呈现3D图像的偏振控制单元和偏振透镜。熟知的可切换偏振控制单元是2013年5月30日提交的、名称为“Stereoscopicimagedisplaydevice(立体图像显示装置)”的国际特许专利公开No.WO2013/077664。
在本国际特许专利公开中被称为可切换漫射器的现有技术的偏振控制单元包括:上基板和下基板,在其相对表面上形成有电极;聚合物分散液晶(PDLC)层,其设置在上基板和下基板之间。聚合物分散液晶层中的聚合物形成支撑液晶分子的基质结构。可通过向偏振控制单元施加电压来控制液晶层中的聚合物取向,从而控制光的散射和透射。
然而,现有技术的偏振控制单元的上基板和下基板必须保持彼此间的距离合适以避免接触。尤其是,与上基板和下基板的弯曲和厚度变化关联的延迟不均一问题使得难以进行最佳的延迟设计。这种优化延迟的困难造成按波长的颜色漫射和漏光,因此造成光学效率降低。
此外,如果上基板和下基板之间的距离太窄,则由于基板弯曲或外部压力,导致上基板和下基板会短接,从而造成故障。
发明内容
本文献的一方面是提供一种偏振控制单元,该偏振控制单元防止因按波长出现颜色漫射和漏光造成的光学效率降低并且通过防止两个电极之间的接触减少产品缺陷。
本发明的示例性实施方式提供了一种偏振控制单元,该偏振控制单元包括:第一基板;第二基板;其与所述第一基板相对设置;第一电极,其设置在所述第一基板的与所述第二基板相对的表面上;第二电极,其设置在所述第二基板的与所述第一基板相对的表面上;聚合物分散液晶层,其设置在所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间。所述聚合物分散液晶层包括支撑所述第一基板和所述第二基板的分隔墙(partitionwall);布置在由所述分隔墙限定的空间中的液晶分子。
所述聚合物分散液晶层具有范围在0.15至0.18的折射率和范围在5.9μm至10.8μm的厚度。
可通过固化聚合物材料形成所述分隔墙。
当不向所述第一电极和所述第二电极施加电场时,所述聚合物分散液晶层的液晶被布置成使得入射光的线偏振的方向旋转90°,从垂直线偏振变成水平线偏振,当向所述第一电极和所述第二电极施加电场时,所述聚合物分散液晶层的液晶被布置成允许光在不折射的情况下穿过。
根据本发明的偏振控制单元可减少产品缺陷,这是因为由于按波长出现颜色漫射减少并且漏光减少导致光学效率增加,并且通过将聚合物分散液晶层PDLC的折射率和厚度设置成合适水平并且在两个基板之间形成分隔墙,来防止第一电极和第二电极之间的接触。
附图说明
附图被包括以提供对本发明的进一步理解,并入且构成本说明书的一部分,附图示出本发明的实施方式并且与描述一起用于说明本发明的原理。在附图中:
图1A是示意性示出根据本发明的示例性实施方式的偏振控制单元的剖视图;
图1B是示出图1A的偏振控制单元的分隔墙的俯视图;
图2是示出各种折射率下聚合物分散液晶层PDLC的透射率与厚度(d)的曲线图;
图3是图2的区域R的放大曲线图;
图4是示出根据本发明的示例性实施方式的可应用于各Δn的聚合物分散液晶层PDLC的厚度范围的曲线图;
图5A是用于说明根据本发明的示例性实施方式的当没有向偏振控制单元施加电场时光的偏振方向的剖视图;以及
图5B是用于说明根据本发明的示例性实施方式的当向偏振控制单元施加电场时光的偏振方向的剖视图。
具体实施方式
下文中,将参照附图详细描述本发明的示例性实施方式。在整个说明书中,相同的附图标记指示相同的组件。在下面的描述中,将省略对相关熟知功能或构造的详细描述,如果它们会以不必要细节混淆本发明的话。
首先,将参照图1A和图1B描述根据本发明的示例性实施方式的偏振控制单元。图1A是示意性示出根据本发明的示例性实施方式的偏振控制单元的剖视图。图1B是示出图1A的偏振控制单元的分隔墙的俯视图。
参照图1A和图1B,根据本发明的示例性实施方式的偏振控制单元包括:第一基板SUB1;第二基板SUB2,其与第一基板SUB1相对设置;第一电极E1和第二电极E2,其分别形成在第一基板SUB1和第二基板SUB2的相对表面上;聚合物分散液晶层PDLC,其设置在第一电极E1和第二电极E2之间;分隔墙PW,其设置在聚合物分散液晶层PDLC上。
第一基板SUB1和第二基板SUB2可由光学透明的各向同性材料形成。例如,它们可由诸如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、三醋酸纤维素(TAC)或聚碳酸酯(PC)的塑料材料制成的膜形成。但第一基板SUB1和第二基板SUB2的材料不限于此。另选地,第一基板SUB1和第二基板SUB2可由有机或无机复合材料形成,只要它是光学上透明的各向同性材料即可。
第一电极E1和第二电极E2由诸如ITO(铟锡氧化物)、IZO(铟锌氧化物)或GZO(掺杂镓的锌氧化物)的透明导电材料形成。
聚合物分散液晶层PDLC由液晶材料LC和分隔墙PW组成。通过将液态的液晶材料和单体聚合物材料混合并且使用光掩模用紫外线固化混合物来形成分隔墙PW。通过使用具有阻光部分和透光部分的光掩模辐射紫外线,通过透光部分入射的光固化聚合物以形成具有如图1B中所示的多个窗W的分隔墙PW。尽管图1B的分隔墙的窗是矩形形状的,但窗的形状不限于这个示例并且它们可具有各种形状。
分隔墙PW设置在第一基板SUB1和第二基板SUB2之间并且支撑第一基板SUB1和第二基板SUB2。这样防止了分别形成在第一基板SUB1和第二基板SUB2的相对表面上的第一电极E1和第二电极E2由于基板弯曲或外部压力而短接。因此,可避免偏振控制单元中的产品缺陷。
在本发明的示例性实施方式中,聚合物分散液晶层PDLC的液晶分子具有范围在0.15至0.18的折射率Δn和范围在5.9μm至10.8μm的厚度d。为了进行偏振控制,聚合物分散液晶层PDLC在延迟上必须是均一的。通过Δn×d(即,Δnd)确定延迟。这里,Δn是由构成聚合物分散液晶层的材料确定的分量,d是由聚合物分散液晶层的物理厚度确定的因素。因此,通过控制聚合物分散液晶层PDLC的厚度,变得更容易控制聚合物分散液晶层PDLC的延迟。
下文中,将参照图2至图5B更详细地描述聚合物分散液晶层PDLC的厚度的确定。图2是示出各种折射率Δn下聚合物分散液晶层PDLC的透射率与厚度d的曲线图。图3是图2的区域R的放大曲线图。图4是示出根据本发明的示例性实施方式的可应用于各Δn的聚合物分散液晶层PDLC的厚度范围的曲线图。
入射光的偏振方向根据是否向聚合物分散液晶层PDLC施加电场而改变。下表1示出满足摩根条件(Maugincondition)的各Δn的聚合物分散液晶层PDLC的厚度。
在表1中,第一最大值至第三最大值代表可基于周期性实现特定透射率水平的各Δn的聚合物分散液晶层PDLC的厚度。
[表1]
如可在表1以及图2和图3中看到的,在各种折射率Δn下周期性地产生具有特定值(例如,图2中的0.5)的最大透射率,随着最大透射率从第一个最大透射率值变到后续最大透射率值,聚合物分散液晶层PDLC的厚度增大。
如表1中所示,用于实现最大透射率的第一最大值不适于在制造过程中形成聚合物分散液晶层PDLC的分隔墙PW,这是因为聚合物分散液晶层PDLC的厚度d变得太小。第四最大值至后续最大值是不合适的,这是因为聚合物分散液晶层PDLC的厚度d变得太大。因此,优选地,聚合物分散液晶层PDLC的厚度d选自第二最大值和第三最大值之间。
此外,如果聚合物分散液晶层PDLC的折射率Δn是0.11或更小,则厚度变得太大,如果聚合物分散液晶层PDLC的折射率Δn是是0.2或更大,则厚度变得太小,从而在制造过程期间难以形成侧壁。因此,优选地,折射率在0.15至0.18的范围内并且厚度(d)在5.9μm至10.8μm的范围内。
根据本发明的示例性实施方式的上述偏振控制单元如果被应用于显示装置则设置在显示装置上,并且根据是否施加电压V在不折射显示装置供应的光或将显示装置供应的光线偏振90°的情况下来透射该光。
接下来,将参照图5A和图5B描述根据本发明的示例性实施方式的偏振控制单元的操作。图5A是用于说明根据本发明的示例性实施方式的当没有向偏振控制单元施加电场时光的偏振方向的剖视图。图5B是用于说明根据本发明的示例性实施方式的当向偏振控制单元施加电场时光的偏振方向的剖视图。
如图5A中所示,当没有向偏振控制单元施加电场时,液晶被布置成,使得入射光的线偏振的方向旋转大约90°,从垂直线偏振(用指示)变成水平线偏振(用指示)。另一方面,如图5B中所示,当向偏振控制单元施加电场时,液晶被布置成允许光在无折射的情况下穿过所述液晶。因此,如图5A中所示,当没有向偏振控制单元施加电场时,偏振控制单元将其偏振轴是垂直()的光线偏振成其偏振轴是水平的光,然后透射所述光。如图5B中所示,当向偏振控制单元施加电场时,偏振控制单元在无折射的情况下透射其偏振轴是垂直的光,因此透射的光的偏振轴变成垂直的。
根据本发明的示例性实施方式的上述偏振控制单元可减少产品缺陷,这是因为由于减少按波长出现的颜色漫射并且减少漏光导致光学效率增加,并且通过将聚合物分散液晶层PDLC的折射率和厚度设置成合适水平并且在两个基板之间形成分隔墙,防止第一电极和第二电极之间的接触。
根据以上描述,本领域的技术人员应该容易理解,可在不脱离本发明的技术思想的情况下进行各种变化和修改。因此,本发明的技术范围不限于说明书的详细描述中所描述的内容,而是由所附权利要求书限定。

Claims (4)

1.一种偏振控制单元,该偏振控制单元包括:
第一基板;
第二基板,其与所述第一基板相对设置;
第一电极,其设置在所述第一基板的与所述第二基板相对的表面上;
第二电极,其设置在所述第二基板的与所述第一基板相对的表面上;
聚合物分散液晶层,其设置在所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间,
其中,包括分隔墙的所述聚合物分散液晶层支撑所述第一基板和所述第二基板,在由所述分隔墙限定的空间中布置液晶分子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的偏振控制单元,其中所述聚合物分散液晶层具有范围在0.15至0.18的折射率和范围在5.9μm至10.8μm的厚度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的偏振控制单元,其中通过固化聚合物材料来形成所述分隔墙。
4.根据权利要求1所述的偏振控制单元,其中当不向所述第一电极和所述第二电极施加电场时,所述聚合物分散液晶层的液晶被布置成使得入射光的线偏振的方向旋转90°,从垂直线偏振变成水平线偏振,当向所述第一电极和所述第二电极施加电场时,所述聚合物分散液晶层的液晶被布置成允许光在不折射的情况下穿过。
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