CN105603397B - 一种磁性金属长纤维管的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种磁性金属长纤维管的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- VZOPRCCTKLAGPN-ZFJVMAEJSA-L potassium;sodium;(2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O VZOPRCCTKLAGPN-ZFJVMAEJSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940074446 sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical class [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008098 formaldehyde solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000914 Metallic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGWKCNDTYUOTQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [Cu].OS(O)(=O)=O UGWKCNDTYUOTQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004523 agglutinating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/22—Roughening, e.g. by etching
- C23C18/24—Roughening, e.g. by etching using acid aqueous solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/28—Sensitising or activating
- C23C18/285—Sensitising or activating with tin based compound or composition
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/28—Sensitising or activating
- C23C18/30—Activating or accelerating or sensitising with palladium or other noble metal
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- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
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Abstract
一种磁性金属长纤维管的制备方法为：聚丙烯连续性纤维的表面处理：分别采用氢氧化钠溶液进行化学除油，铬酐和硫酸溶液表面粗化处理，酸性的锡盐溶液进行纤维的敏化，硝酸银和氨水溶液进行纤维表面的活化，甲醛溶液对纤维进行还原；纤维的化学镀铜，纤维的电镀（铁或镍），聚丙烯纤维的去除，纤维金属管的还原。本工艺可制备不同管径、不同截面形状的连续性磁性金属和层状复合磁性金属纤维管。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功能化金属纤维管制备的技术领域，尤其是涉及一种磁性金属长纤维管的制备方法。
背景技术
金属纤维与有机、无机纤维相比，具有高的弹性、高的耐磨性、好的通气性、导电性、导磁性、导热性以及自润滑性和烧结性，应用范围广阔，前景引人瞩目。目前主要应用于：导电塑料，高压带电作业服，微波防护服、汽车消声器，热交换器等。而具有中空结构的磁性金属纤维管在作为电磁波吸收剂使用时，可表现出更好的电磁波衰减效果和更低的密度。目前来看，磁性金属纤维管的生产方法主要有静电纺丝法（王美策等，一种基于单通道电纺丝法制备金属纳米纤维管的方法[P],中国发明专利，申请号：201310525512.5，2013-10-30），以及静电纺丝和金属气相沉淀技术相结合法（金翼水. 高功能性金属纳米纤维的制造及其性能评估. 国外化纤技术,2011,40(10),47-49.）。此类方法制备金属纤维管长度尺寸有限。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种磁性金属长纤维管的制备方法，首先，对长聚丙烯纤维表面处理（粗化、活化、敏化）、化学镀及电镀（铁或镍）制成连续性复合纤维、复合纤维经分解、裂解、燃烧，还原形成（铁或镍）磁性金属长纤维管。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案，包括以下步骤：
（1）聚丙烯连续性纤维的表面处理：采用10~20%wt的氢氧化钠溶液进行化学除油，采用铬酐和硫酸溶液进行纤维表面的粗化，采用酸性的锡盐溶液进行纤维的敏化，敏化后纤维的清洗，采用硝酸银和氨水溶液进行纤维表面的活化，活化后的纤维经甲醛溶液还原；
（2）纤维的化学镀铜，其溶液成分为：酒石酸钾钠10～20g/L ，氢氧化钠2～5g/L，硫酸铜2～4g/L ，氯化镍,0.2~1g/L， 甲醛1～3g/L，化学镀时间为2-8min；
（3）纤维的电镀（铁或镍），电镀铁的溶液主盐组成为硫酸亚铁和氯化亚铁，以及硼酸、络合剂、稳定剂，溶液pH=1~2；电镀镍的溶液组成为硫酸镍、硼酸、氯化钠、络合剂，溶液pH=2~3；
（4）聚丙烯纤维的去除，复合纤维在400～500℃氧化性气氛下氧化1-3h；
（5）纤维金属管的还原，在还原性气氛的保护下，200～500℃保温0.2-1.5h，自然冷却至室温，获得磁性金属长纤维管。
本发明的优点是：
（1）选择不同直径或异形截面的聚丙烯纤维，可制备不同规铬和断面形状的磁性金属长纤维管；
（2）由于聚丙烯纤维的分解、裂解、燃烧的不彻底，管内留存了残炭，一方面为磁性金属氧化物还原成金属提供合适的还原剂，提高反应速度，另一方面，当磁性金属长纤维管作为电磁波吸收剂使用时，管内残炭的反射和吸收作用（Xie W, Cheng H F, Chu Z Y, et al. Effect of FSS on microwave absorbing properties of hollow-porous carbonfiber composites. Materials and Design, 2009, 30(4): 1201−1204.），将增强电磁波的衰减效果；
（3）可通过调整电镀主盐的组成及工艺，即可获得具有不同磁性金属成分的长纤维管。
具体实施方式：
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
实施例1：φ0.012 mm纤维铁管的成形工艺
（1）聚丙烯连续性纤维直径为φ0.006 mm，先采用10%wt氢氧化钠溶液进行化学除油5min；粗化的水溶液配比为80g/L 铬酐、300ml/L 硫酸，粗化处理温度为60℃，粗化处理时间20min；敏化液组成为氯化锡8g/L，盐酸40ml/L ，敏化处理时间3min；采用硝酸银和氨水溶液进行纤维表面的活化，活化后的纤维经甲醛溶液还原；
（2）纤维的化学镀铜，其溶液成分为：酒石酸钾钠10 g/L ，氢氧化钠2.5g/L，硫酸铜2g/L ，氯化镍0.2g/L， 甲醛1.2 g/L，化学镀时间为3min；
（3）纤维镀铁，电镀液组成为硫酸亚铁100g/L，氯化亚铁200g/L，硼酸45g/L，络合剂微量，稳定剂微量，pH=1~2，电镀时间为15min；
（4）聚丙烯纤维的去除，复合纤维在450 ℃空气气氛下氧化1.5 h；
（5）纤维铁管的还原，在氢气气氛下，300℃保温0.5h，自然冷却至室温，获得φ 0.012 mm长纤维铁管。
实施例2：φ0.012 mm纤维镍管的成形工艺
（1）聚丙烯连续性纤维直径为φ0.006 mm，先采用10%wt氢氧化钠溶液进行化学除油5min；粗化的水溶液配比为80g/L 铬酐、300ml/L 硫酸，粗化处理温度为60℃，粗化处理时间20min；敏化液组成为氯化锡8g/L，盐酸40ml/L ，敏化处理时间3min；采用硝酸银和氨水溶液进行纤维表面的活化，活化后的纤维经甲醛溶液还原；
（2）纤维的化学镀铜，其溶液成分为：酒石酸钾钠10 g/L ，氢氧化钠2.5g/L，硫酸铜2g/L ，氯化镍0.2g/L， 甲醛1.2 g/L，化学镀时间为5min；
（3）纤维镀镍，电镀液组成为，硫酸镍220g/L，硼酸38g/L，氯化钠10g/L，络合剂微量，pH=2~3，电镀时间为20min；
（4）聚丙烯纤维的去除，复合纤维在450 ℃空气气氛下氧化1.5 h；
（5）长纤维镍管的还原，在氢气气氛下，300℃保温0.5h，自然冷却至室温，获得φ 0.012 mm长纤维镍管。
Claims (1)
1.一种磁性金属长纤维管的制备方法，其特征在于，制备步骤为：
（1）聚丙烯连续性纤维的表面处理：采用10~20%wt的氢氧化钠溶液进行化学除油，采用铬酐和硫酸溶液进行纤维表面的粗化，采用酸性的锡盐溶液进行纤维的敏化，敏化后纤维的清洗，采用硝酸银和氨水溶液进行纤维表面的活化，活化后的纤维经甲醛溶液还原；
（2）纤维的化学镀铜，其溶液成分为：酒石酸钾钠10～20g/L，氢氧化钠2～5g/L，硫酸铜2～4g/L，氯化镍,0.2-1g/L，甲醛1～3g/L，化学镀时间为2-8min；
（3）纤维的电镀：电镀铁的溶液主盐组成为硫酸亚铁和氯化亚铁，以及硼酸、络合剂、稳定剂，溶液pH=1-2；电镀镍的溶液组成为硫酸镍、硼酸、氯化钠、络合剂，溶液pH=2-3；
（4）聚丙烯纤维的去除，复合纤维在400～500℃氧化性气氛下氧化1-3h；
（5）纤维金属管的还原，在还原性气氛的保护下，200～500℃保温0.2-1.5h，自然冷却至室温，获得磁性金属长纤维管。
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