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CN105579246A - 由纤维增强的塑性材料制成的轮子 - Google Patents

由纤维增强的塑性材料制成的轮子 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105579246A
CN105579246A CN201480037185.1A CN201480037185A CN105579246A CN 105579246 A CN105579246 A CN 105579246A CN 201480037185 A CN201480037185 A CN 201480037185A CN 105579246 A CN105579246 A CN 105579246A
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rim
wheel
spokes
strap
insert
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CN105579246B (zh
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C·伦纳
K·瓦格纳
G·卢基伽
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Mubea Carbo Tech GmbH
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Mubea Carbo Tech GmbH
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    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B5/00—Wheels, spokes, disc bodies, rims, hubs, wholly or predominantly made of non-metallic material
    • B60B5/02—Wheels, spokes, disc bodies, rims, hubs, wholly or predominantly made of non-metallic material made of synthetic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/567—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using a tamping or a swaging operation, i.e. at least partially deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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    • B60B3/10—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body apertured to simulate spoked wheels
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    • B60B5/00—Wheels, spokes, disc bodies, rims, hubs, wholly or predominantly made of non-metallic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种包括轮辋(2)和具有多个轮辐(4)的轮心(3)的轮子(1)，所述轮辐带有至少一个搭板(21)。至少一个搭板(21)从轮辐(4)的径向外端突出。轮辋(2)包括布置成对应于所述至少一个搭板(21)的至少一个开口(20)。至少一个搭板(21)延伸穿过轮辋(2)中的相关的开口(20)并且附接到轮辋(2)的外侧。

Description

由纤维增强的塑性材料制成的轮子
技术领域
本发明涉及一种由纤维增强的塑性材料制成的轮子。
背景技术
DE102011087936B3在2013年2月以ThyssenKruppCarbonComponentsGmbH的名义公布。它描述了一种由纤维增强的塑料制成的轮子和一种制造这种类型的轮子的方法。根据该文献，轮子的特征在于从轮辋槽越过外轮辋胎圈(轮缘)无中断地延伸到轮盘的增强性纤维的层。轮盘在外轮辋胎圈上消失。制造这种轮子的过程包括将增强性纤维铺设在基本上是筒形的成型工具上。为了建造轮盘，增强性纤维被铺设在基本上筒形的辅助成型工具的轮廓表面上。然后，辅助工具被移走，并且已被铺设的纤维被折叠到垂直于待建造的轮子的旋转轴线的平面中。
DE102011077834A1在2012年12月以BayerischeMotorenWerkeAG的名义公布。除了别的以外，它描述了一种用于生产由纤维增强的塑料制成的轮子的方法。因此，应用了使用纤维增强的塑料的喷射成型工艺或者转送成型工艺。轮子通过将由长纤维组成的条插入轮辐以及轮辋而在结构上被增强(加强)。
DE102010010513A1在2011年9月以Leichtbau-ZentrumSachsenGmbH的名义公布。除了别的以外，它描述了一种用于生产带有由纤维增强的塑料制成的轮辋的轮子的方法。轮盘和轮辋之间的连接是通过预成形轮盘的外围编织建立的。
DE102005041940B4在2007年3月以ThyssenKruppCarbonComponentsGmbH的名义公布。除了别的以外，它描述了一种由纤维增强的塑料制成的轮子以及一种制造这种轮子的方法。根据该发明的轮子包括至少部分地限定所生成的轮子的几何形状的辅助工具。这个辅助工具被编织的软管包裹，该编织的软管被插入所生成的轮子的旋转轴处的中心孔，被展开并且然后被反转。
WO13083123在2013年6月以ThyssenKruppCarbonComponentsGmbH的名义公布，并示出了一种具有由纤维增强的材料制成的轮辋的轮子。该文献公开了通过在轮辋的向心轮廓的旁边铺放轮盘的至少两个局部层的成型的连接区域来将轮盘的至少两个局部层连接到轮辋而在轮盘与轮辋之间形成的连接。同样的，本文献还公开了制造所述轮子的方法。
WO13083500在2013年6月以ThyssenKruppCarbonComponentsGmbH的名义公布，并且示出了具有轮毂的轮子。轮毂的轮辐由纤维增强的材料制成并且包括线性纺织绞股，它从轮辋到轮毂来回延伸至少一次而没有中断。纺织绞股的两端被铺设在轮辋的向心轮廓的旁边。同样的，该文献还公开了制造所述轮子的方法。
现存轮子概念的问题可能是由轮辐结构或轮盘以及轮辋之间的机械连接的不足引起的。
WO13083729在2013年6月以同样的申请人名义公布。它描述了一种由纤维增强的材料制成的轮子。该轮子包括位于该轮子的中心的插入物，该插入物被部分地嵌入在复合材料中。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种轮子，该轮子至少部分地由纤维增强的塑料材料制成并且能够提供改进的承载能力。本发明的另一目的是提供一种制造上述轮子的方法。
从现有技术来看，已知多种由复合材料制成的轮子。这些轮子没有足够的承载能力，尤其是在汽车运动应用中更是如此。根据本发明的轮子能够提供更好的性能和更轻的重量。
根据本发明的轮子通常包括轮辋和具有连接到轮辋的多个轮辐的轮心。多个轮辐包括从轮辐的径向外端突出的至少一个搭板。轮辋包括开口，这些开口对应于轮辐的横截面(最好是轮廓锋利)并且被布置成对应于至少一个搭板。在安装位置，至少一个搭板延伸穿过轮辋中的相关的开口。这些开口通常布置在轮辋槽和/或外胎圈座和/或外峰和/或外肩部的区域中。优选地，至少一个搭板在其结合至轮辋的位置至少部分地沿轮辋的周向方向和/或轴向方向布置。通常，至少一个搭板被布置成与轮辋相切，并且沿着外轮廓。通常，至少一个搭板在外侧上至少部分地被至少一个额外的材料层覆盖，例如，将复合材料缠绕在外表面上。如果需要，额外的材料层包住增强环。轮心可以包括轮缘，该轮缘具有至少部分地嵌入到其中的插入物。在优选实施方式中，轮子可以包括使轮辋与插入物直接互连的增强纤维束。在一个变型中，增强纤维束从轮辋开始，沿着轮辐继续，包裹插入物，沿着轮辐继续，并且终止于轮辋。插入物可以包括嘴孔，其中增强纤维束横跨插入物。轮辐可以包括融合到轮辋边缘中的中间肋。该中间肋可以包括沿着中间肋继续并且终止于轮辋的增强纤维束。增强纤维束可以在轮辋边缘上延伸成环。至少一个轮辋边缘可以包括周向增强环，该周向增强环被轮辋和/或至少一个轮辐的复合材料包围。轮辐的壁厚可以沿轮缘的方向增加，以改进负载分配。可选地或者另外，轮辐的横截面可以沿轮辋的方向变宽。轮辐可以包括漏斗状的外部部分。
根据本发明的制造轮子的方法在原则上包括下面的方法步骤：提供稍后被至少一个额外的材料层覆盖的轮辋或者轮辋的一部分。在轮辋中以沿周向方向分布的方式产生多个开口。当通过激光切割来形成开口时，可以得到良好的结果。提供包括多个轮辐的轮心，其中轮辐的外端包括至少一个搭板。然后，使搭板穿过开口。将搭板布置在轮辋的外表面上。为了改进负载传递，搭板在表面上扩张。将搭板结合到外表面上。通常，至少一个额外的材料层从外侧布置到搭板上，从而从外侧围绕搭板。额外的材料层可以形成至少一个外轮辋边缘的一部分。在一个变型中，额外的材料层围绕增强环，如所描述并且如附图所示出的。
在优选实施方式中，轮辋和轮心由复合材料制成，优选由嵌入到基体材料(如，环氧树脂)中的碳纤维和/或克维拉纤维和/或玻璃纤维和/或材料纤维等制成。基体可以通过树脂转送成型工艺(RTM)和/或以预浸渍休的形式添加，在预浸渍体中，纤维已被布置在仍未固化的基体中。可以在发生基体固化之前，通过胶和/或缝合将多个纤维层和/或纤维束附接到彼此。如果合适，轮辋可以由不同的材料制成，如金属。
根据本发明的轮子可以被用于例如车辆，例如摩托车、汽车、卡车或自行车。然而，也不限于这些应用领域，并且还可以用于任何其它的领域，例如飞机。
附图说明
从下面给出的详细描述以及附图，这里所述的发明将被更充分地理解，其不应当被考虑作为将所述发明限制到所附的权利要求。附图示出了：
图1是根据本发明的轮子的前上立体图；
图2是根据图1的轮子的后上立体图；
图3是根据图1的轮子的制造的早期步骤；
图4是根据图1的轮子的制造的中间步骤；
图5是根据图1的轮子的制造的后期步骤；
图6是根据图1的轮子的制造的后期步骤的不同视图；
图7是另一个实施方式的前立体图；
图8是根据图7的轮子的后立体图；
图9是根据图7的轮子的前视图；
图10是根据图9的线DD的截面图；
图11是根据图10的细部E；
图12是根据图7的轮子的部分切除图；
图13是插入件的侧视图；
图14是根据图13的插入件的前视图；
图15是插入件的立体图；
图16是插入件沿着图14的截面线FF的截面图。
具体实施方式
与附图结合起来阅读，则更容易理解前面的概述和接下来对优选实施方式的详细描述。为了描述本发明的目的，目前示出的是首选的实施方式，其中贯穿附图的多个视角，相似的附图标记表示相似的部件，但是，可以理解本发明并不限于公开的特定的方法和手段。
图1示意性地示出了根据本发明的轮子1的前上立体图。图2示出了根据图1的轮子的后上立体图。
图3示出了轮子1的制造的早期步骤的示意方式。图4示出了轮子1的制造的中间步骤的示意方式。图5和图6示出了轮子1的制造的后期步骤的示意方式。
根据本发明的轮子1包括轮辋2和轮心3，这里，轮心包括使布置在轮心3的中心处的轮缘5与轮辋2互连的多个轮辐4。在所示实施方式中，轮辋2和轮心3由复合材料制成，优选由嵌入基体材料(如，环氧树脂)中的碳纤维和/或克维拉纤维和/或玻璃纤维和或材料纤维等制成。如果合适，轮辋2可以由不同的材料制成，如金属。
在所示的实施方式中，在最终状态，轮辋2包括内轮辋边缘10和外轮辋边缘11，轮辋槽12在内轮辋边缘10和外轮辋边缘11之间延伸。靠近内轮辋边缘10和外轮辋边缘11，设置有内胎圈座13和外胎圈座14，这些内胎圈座13和外胎圈座14由内峰15和外峰16与轮辋槽12划定界限。较小直径的轮辋槽12与较大直径的内峰15和外峰16之间在高度上的差距由内肩部17和外肩部18桥接。
通过稍后详细解释的机械上有利的方式使轮辐4与轮辋2互连。
所示轮子1的轮辐4具有开放式截面，当沿轮子1的轴向方向(X轴)观察时，能够从内侧和外侧接近所述开放式截面，并且其较容易制造。每个轮辐4都包括中间肋7和两个侧边缘6，在所示的实施方式中，当横向于径向进行切割时，其本身具有U形横截面。侧边缘6和中间肋7在后侧借助于横壁8互连，在所示实施方式中，该横壁位于侧边缘6的内端。
在所示实施方式中，轮缘5包括插入物9，例如，如图13到图16所示，该插入物至少部分地嵌入在轮心3的复合材料中。
如图11示意性地示出的，插入物9可以与从轮心3沿着相应轮辐4的径向无中断地延伸到轮辋2中的复合材料的一定量的纤维23互相作用。在优选实施方式中，所述纤维主要布置在中间肋7中。如果纤维至少部分地围绕插入物9，那么可以实现好的结果。如图11的截面图所示，示意性地由虚线23表示的纤维23从轮辋2开始，延伸进入到轮辐4中，围绕插入物9的梁24，沿着轮辐4在相反方向上延伸，并且终止在轮辋2的端部中。
现在将结合图3到图6更详细地解释轮子1的制造。
如可从图3中看到的，在第一阶段，提供彼此独立地制备的轮辋2和轮心3。这里，这些部件均是以理想的方式示出的。应当理解的是，在轮辋2和轮辐4的组装过程中，通常，至少形成轮辐4的纤维可以是非固态的，从而仍然是可变形的状态。
在轮辋2中，设置有开口20，其原则上对应于轮辐4的(最终)截面的轮廓。开口20在径向上延伸穿过轮辋2。通过开口20的与轮辐4的横截面匹配的尖利轮廓的激光切割，可以实现良好的结果。
在所示的实施方式中，开口20被设置得邻近轮辋2的外侧，位于轮辋槽12、外胎圈座14、外峰16和外肩部18的区域内。可以预见到，开口20接纳在轮辐4的外端处突出的至少一个搭板21。在至少一个进一步的处理步骤中，它们稍后在外侧将会被额外的材料层覆盖。
如上面所解释的，轮辋2和轮心3的轮辐4最好相互独立地制备，然后再在进一步的步骤中互相组装，由此，轮辐4的搭板21穿过开口20并且在轮辋2的表面19上向下折叠(由线23表示)，如图4中由线22示意性地示出的。搭板的纤维最好被扩张以获得最好的负载引入以及轮辋2和轮心3之间的力的交换。表面19可以在后期的步骤中被覆盖，例如当如下所述使用额外的材料层时。在当前的步骤中，形成轮辋2的径向内截面的材料通常呈固化或半固化的状态。如果适合，其可以作为用于形成轮辐4的静态可成形纤维的工具。
在进一步的处理步骤中，形成轮辐4和搭板21的复合材料通过设置嵌有增强性纤维的树脂而被固化。而且，插入物9被嵌入在轮缘5中。这个步骤通常通过“将轮心3和插入物9插入相应的模具(即，成形工具，未详细示出)中，关闭该模具，并且开始基体材料的固化处理”来实现。如果适合，轮辋2也可以被包括在模具中或形成其一部分，例如，作为模具的壁。
当稍后形成轮子1的纤维被组装时，如图4所示，它们最好处于半成品状态。可选的或者另外的，纤维至少部分地处于干的状态。然后，例如，通过将真空和/或压力施加到模具而加入基体材料。
在复合材料的基体材料充分固化之后，轮子将具有如图5和图6所示的形状。搭板21的纤维延伸穿过轮辋2，然后在周向方向上和/或横向方向上在轮辋2的外表面19中或沿着轮辋2的外表面19延伸。搭板21沿着外轮廓而行，分别牢固地集成到外表面19中。开口20通常被完全填满，从而不再存在开口。如果合适，外表面19可以被额外的复合材料或者其它覆盖物至少部分地覆盖。为了制造轮辋2和轮心3，通常需要两个分开的工具。
在图5和图6中，以前后立体图示出了在固化形成轮心3的纤维之后的组装的轮子1。如所看到的，轮辐4穿过轮辋2，并且终止在搭板21中，该搭板向下折叠、扩张并且与轮辋2结合。由于这些附图仅仅是示意性的，所以搭板的形状和布置也只是示范性的。开口20不再是可见的，这是因为这些开口已经完全被复合材料填满。通常，轮辐4穿过轮辋的区域和搭板21被额外的材料层覆盖，这些额外的材料层是在相同的或不同的处理步骤中施加的。当复合材料的至少一个额外的层38沿周向方向附接和/或缠绕到形成轮辋2的一部分的外表面19上从而至少部分地覆盖表面19时，可以实现良好的结果。通常，在最终的产品中，搭板21是不可见的，这是因为它们与轮辋2结合。搭板21可以在形成周向环片段的切向方式上互相重叠。沿轴向方向布置的搭板21可以缠绕布置在轮辋边缘中的增强环。
图7到图12示出了根据本发明的轮子1的另一个实施方式。关于一般的描述和制造方法，可以参考上面的详细描述所提到的内容。图9示出了根据图7和图8的轮子1的前视图。图10示出了沿着图9的截面线DD的截面图。图11以放大的方式示出了根据图10的细部E。图12以局部剖切的方式示出了根据图7到图11的轮子1，并且用虚线示出了隐藏的线。图13到图16示出了根据图7到图12的嵌入到轮子1中的插入物9。
相比于图1和图2示出的实施方式，所示的变化包括轮心3的轮辐4与轮辋2之间的不同连接。如图7中可以看到的，中间肋7汇入得非常接近外轮辋边缘11的前面并且(在截面图中)几乎切向进入到外轮辋边缘11中。这在该区域中提供了纤维的有利布置，且因此提供了非常高的负载水平的改进的负载应用和分布。
如可在图7和图8中看到的，轮辐4的横截面在轮辋2的径向向外方向上变宽，并且通向呈漏斗形的外部部分25，然后汇入到轮辋2中。因此，侧凸缘6、中间肋7和横壁8的壁厚减小。如可在根据图11的详细截面图中看到的，中间肋7的壁厚在轮心方向上明显增加一个因子。根据应用的领域和设计，当将最薄的壁区域与最厚的壁区域相比时，该因子通常是2到10。
轮辋2包括布置在内侧上的增厚部26，该增厚部在轮辐4连接到轮辋2的区域中起到局部增强的作用。在外侧，搭板(21)是不可见的，这是因为其被完全集成到轮辋的外表面19中。
在图13到图16中，示出了插入物9的实施方式，在制造出如上所述的轮子后，插入物被安装在形成轮缘5的一部分的轮心3中。插入物9形成车辆轮毂(未详细示出)和轮子1之间的主要连接。由于插入物9在形成轮心3的复合材料中的特殊设计和布置，所以能够阻止复合材料与车辆轮毂的直接接触。这里，所示的插入物9是对以相同申请人的名义公布的公开号为WO2013/083729的国际专利申请中描述的插入物的改进。插入物9包括将该插入物附接到车辆轮毂的紧固孔30。而且，插入物包括多个接触区域31、32、33，当位于安装位置时，这些接触区域突出在复合材料之上，例如，如图10所示，并且通过这些接触区域，插入物(分别是轮子1)主要与车辆轮毂(均未示出)接触。第一接触区域31被布置在紧固孔30中，用作用于紧固螺母(未示出)的支撑件。第二接触区域32被布置在形成车辆轮毂(均未示出)与插入物9之间的接触区域的内侧处。第三接触区域33被布置在轮子1的中心开口28中，并且用作轮子1的相对于轮毂的径向支撑件。所示实施方式的第一接触区域和第三接触区域相对于周向方向是互相对准的。桥34被布置在紧固孔30之间。虽然总的原则是相似的，但是在桥34的设计上存在不同，在该变形中，所述不同包括上部35和下部36以及其间的嘴孔37，复合材料的纤维可以穿过所述嘴孔进行捆扎。例如，如图11所示，至少一个纤维束23(用虚线23示意性地示出)穿过嘴孔37，优选地开始于轮辋2，继续沿着轮辐4的内侧或外侧，穿过嘴孔37，再次在相反侧沿着轮辐4继续，并且再次终止在在轮辋2处。如图11所示，外轮辋边缘11可以包括增强环24，例如，呈单向纤维或者其它合适的材料如金属的形式。
附图标记
1轮子21搭板
2轮辋22线(表示折叠过程)
3轮心(轮辐结构)
4轮辐(轮心)23纤维(虚线)
5轮缘24增强环
6侧缘25外部部分(轮辐4)
7中间肋26增厚部(加强部)
8横壁
9插入物(轮心)28(轮子1的)中心开口
10内轮辋边缘29复合材料
11外轮辋边缘30紧固孔
12轮辋槽31第一接触区域
13内胎圈座32第二接触区域
14外胎圈座33第三接触区域
15内峰34桥
16外峰35(桥34的)上部
17内肩部36(桥34的)下部
18外肩部37嘴孔
19表面(轮辋2)38(复合材料的)层
20开口

Claims (21)

1.一种轮子(1)，该轮子包括轮辋(2)和具有多个轮辐(4)的轮心(3)，所述轮辐具有从该轮辐(4)的径向外端突出的至少一个搭板(21)，其中所述轮辋包括布置成对应于所述至少一个搭板(21)的至少一个开口(20)，并且所述至少一个搭板(21)延伸穿过所述轮辋(2)中的相关的开口(20)。
2.如权利要求1所述的轮子(1)，其中，所述开口(20)被布置在轮辋槽(12)和/或外胎圈座(14)和/或外峰(16)和/或外肩部(18)的区域中。
3.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的轮子(1)，其中，所述至少一个搭板(21)至少部分地沿所述轮辋(2)的周向方向和/或轴向方向布置。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的轮子(1)，其中，所述至少一个搭板(21)布置成与所述轮辋(2)相切。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的轮子(1)，其中，外表面(19)和所述至少一个搭板(21)在外侧上至少部分地被至少一个额外层(38)覆盖。
6.如权利要求5所述的轮子(1)，其中，所述额外层(38)包住增强环(24)。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的轮子(1)，其中，所述轮心(3)包括轮缘(5)，该轮缘具有至少部分地位于材料中的嵌入的插入物(9)。
8.如权利要求7所述的轮子(1)，其中，所述轮子(1)包括增强纤维束(23)，该增强纤维束使所述轮辋(2)与所述插入物(9)直接互连。
9.如权利要求8所述的轮子(1)，其中，所述增强纤维束从所述轮辋(2)开始，沿着轮辐(4)继续，包裹所述插入物(9)，至少部分地沿着轮辐(4)继续，并且终止于所述轮辋(2)。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的轮子(1)，其中，所述插入物(9)包括嘴孔(37)，并且所述增强纤维束(23)穿过所述嘴孔(37)。
11.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的轮子(1)，其中，所述轮辐(4)包括中间肋(7)。
12.如权利要求11所述的轮子(1)，其中，所述中间肋(7)融合到轮辋边缘(10，11)中。
13.如权利要求12所述的轮子(1)，其中，所述中间肋(7)包括沿着所述中间肋(7)继续并且终止于所述轮辋(2)的增强纤维束(23)。
14.如权利要求13所述的轮子(1)，其中，所述增强纤维束(23)在所述轮辋边缘(10，11)上延伸成环。
15.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的轮子(1)，其中，至少一个轮辋边缘(10，11)包括周向增强环(24)，该周向增强环被所述轮辋(2)和/或至少一个轮辐(4)的复合材料包围。
16.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的轮子(1)，其中，所述轮辐的壁厚沿所述轮缘(5)的方向增加。
17.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的轮子(1)，其中，所述轮辐(4)的横截面沿所述轮辋(2)的方向变宽。
18.一种制造轮子(1)的方法，该方法包括以下方法步骤：
a)提供轮辋(2)；
b)在所述轮辋(2)中沿周向方向产生多个开口(20)；
c)提供轮心，该轮心包括多个轮辐(4)，所述轮辐在其外端包括至少一个搭板(21)；
d)使所述搭板(21)穿过所述开口(20)；
e)将所述搭板(21)布置在所述轮辋(2)的外表面(19)上；
f)将所述搭板(21)结合到所述外表面(19)上。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法，其中，至少一个额外的材料层从外侧布置在所述搭板(21)上。
20.如权利要求18或19所述的方法，其中，所述额外的材料层形成至少一个外轮辋边缘(10，11)的一部分。
21.如权利要求18或20所述的方法，其中，所述额外的材料层围绕增强环(24)。
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