CN105565838B - 一种煤化工领域陶瓷基复合材料烧嘴的制造方法 - Google Patents
一种煤化工领域陶瓷基复合材料烧嘴的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种煤化工领域陶瓷基复合材料烧嘴的制造方法,包括:⑴陶瓷烧嘴芯模设计与加工;⑵陶瓷烧嘴预制体结构设计与成型;⑶陶瓷烧嘴预制体界面层制备;⑷陶瓷烧嘴基体致密化;⑸陶瓷烧嘴的机械加工;⑹陶瓷烧嘴表面耐磨涂层处理。本发明所述的陶瓷基复合材料水煤浆烧嘴制造方法,工艺流程简单,成本较低,成品率高,不仅具有优良的抗冲蚀磨损性能,且硬度高、耐高温、韧性好,有效提高了工艺烧嘴的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明造属于无机非金属材料领域,具体涉及一种煤化工领域陶瓷基复合材料烧嘴的制备方法。
背景技术
目前,就新型煤电等煤化工领域的工艺烧嘴而言,由于在其工作状态下高压氧化性气流会带动煤粉中的黄矿石、石英等高硬度杂质对喷嘴产生剧烈的冲蚀磨损,同时工艺烧嘴外表面常常要受到燃烧炉内高达1200℃以上的高温,而内表面则受到常温介质的冷却作用,导致工艺烧嘴内外表面的温差达到1000℃以上,平均温度梯度达到30~40℃/mm,使的烧嘴内部产生较大的热应力。此外,工作环境中通入的大量氧气对烧嘴材料产生强烈的氧化作用,进而要求烧嘴材质具有良好抗冲蚀、抗热冲击性能,而工艺烧嘴作为煤化工装置中的关键部件之一,其寿命的延长会给煤化工领域带来极其巨大的经济效益。
目前,制备新型煤电等煤化工领域工艺烧嘴的材料主要为金属、硬质合金和陶瓷3大类,其中,金属材质由于硬度低,易磨损,使用寿命不到100h;硬质合金的硬度和耐磨性虽高于金属材料,但其烧嘴寿命也不到1000h;传统陶瓷材料的硬度高、耐磨、耐热和抗氧化性能较好,但其韧性差等缺点使得其使用寿命仍无法满足实际煤化工领域的应用要求。
发明的内容
本发明针对现有传统材料煤化工领域工艺烧嘴使用寿命较短的问题,开发了一种煤化工领域C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料烧嘴的制造方法。
本发明的技术解决方案是:本发明所提供的煤化工领域C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料烧嘴的制造方法,其特殊之处在于:包括以下步骤:
a、陶瓷烧嘴芯模设计与加工;
b、陶瓷烧嘴预制体结构设计与成型:采用三维针刺结构进行预制体结构设计,具体为短纤维网胎与碳布交替铺层针刺,且铺层方向须沿烧嘴预制体径向,铺层厚度保证均匀,且预制体结构尺寸不小于最终产品尺寸,需石墨芯模来保证预制体的内型面尺寸;
c、陶瓷烧嘴预制体界面层制备:将陶瓷烧嘴预制体置于化学气相沉积炉中,以CH4等烷烃化合物为先驱体,待炉体抽真空结束后,以0.5~5℃/min的升温速率将炉体升温至900~1300℃,炉压控制在10KPa以下,沉积20~50小时后,在陶瓷烧嘴预制体碳纤维表面沉积形成一层厚度均匀的热解碳界面层;
d、陶瓷烧嘴基体致密化:将拥有热解碳界面层的陶瓷烧嘴预制体通过加压浸渍的方法将聚碳硅烷等前驱体溶液浸渗入预制体内部,然后在热处理炉内进行高温陶瓷化反应;其中,浸渍压力为2~4MPa,浸渍温度为40~120℃,加压浸渍时间为4~8小时,高温陶瓷化温度为800~1600℃,热处理时间为4~8小时;
e、重复步骤d直至陶瓷烧嘴密度达到1.8~2.2g/cm3的要求;
f、陶瓷烧嘴机械加工;
g、陶瓷烧嘴表面耐磨涂层处理。
上述的陶瓷烧嘴芯模设计及加工工序如下:
以烧嘴成品的型面尺寸为依据,采用石墨作为芯模材料,在保证强度前提下进行产品芯模结构设计,加工完成后形成预制体的固型芯模。
上述的陶瓷烧嘴机械加工工序如下:
根据陶瓷烧嘴基体致密化程度的不同,将陶瓷烧嘴机械加工工序分为粗加工和精加工两阶段;其中,当产品复合密度达到1.2~1.8g/cm3时需要对产品进行粗加工,当产品复合致密化密度达到1.8~2.0g/cm3时对产品进行精加工;加工过程所采用刀具均为定制刀具,加工过程期间需密切观察刀具磨损情况。
上述的陶瓷烧嘴表面耐磨涂层处理的方法如下:将完成致密化的陶瓷烧嘴构件置于化学气相沉积炉中,以三氯甲基硅烷为先驱体,H2为载气及反应催化剂,Ar、N2为稀释及保护气体,沉积温度为900~1300℃,炉压控制在10KPa以下,沉积时间30~50小时,即得陶瓷烧嘴表面耐磨涂层。
本发明所产生的有益效果是:
1、本发明提供一种适用于煤化工领域应用的C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料烧嘴的制造方法,制备工艺简单,成品率高,制造的陶瓷基复合材料烧嘴不仅具有优良的抗冲蚀磨损性能,且硬度高、耐高温、韧性好、使用寿命长,其中,本发明方法制造的C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料烧嘴的洛氏硬度为50~70,断裂韧性指标为12~18MPa·m1/2,模量为40~70GPa。
2、本发明采用PIP工艺进行陶瓷烧嘴基体致密化,其制备温度较低,不易损伤增强纤维,能制备出形状复杂、大尺寸的C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料部件,且对各种纤维预制体的适应性强,工艺流程简单,较适于大批量生产。
3、本发明制备的陶瓷基复合材料烧嘴,由于纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料(简称C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料)具有良好的耐磨性能、断裂韧性、抗氧化性能及抗热震性能等优点使其具备成为一种新型煤化工领域烧嘴材料的巨大潜力。
附图说明
图1为该C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料烧嘴的制备工艺流程图;
具体实施方式
煤化工领域C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料烧嘴产品具有内外型面形状复杂、壁面厚度大小不均、内型面粗糙度要求高等特点。本发明采用了一种新的工艺制备流程来制造煤化工领域C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料烧嘴产品,具体工艺流程如图1所示。
以下详细说明煤化工领域C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料烧嘴制造方法的基本步骤:
⑴陶瓷烧嘴芯模设计与加工:以烧嘴产品结构设计尺寸为依据,采用石墨作为芯模材料,在保证强度前提下进行芯模结构设计,为方便后期使用,芯模采用分体式设计结构,其尺寸由烧嘴产品尺寸确定,而后按图纸完成加工。
⑵陶瓷烧嘴预制体结构设计与成型:陶瓷基复合材料烧嘴预制体结构采用了三维针刺成型方式,具体成型方式为采用短纤维网胎与碳布交替铺层针刺形成,碳布类型为12K无纬布,并控制铺层厚度均匀无褶皱,保证其预制体碳纤维体积分数保持为40%~60%。
⑶陶瓷烧嘴预制体界面层制备:将陶瓷烧嘴预制体放置于沉积石墨工装上,而后将预制体同石墨工装一起放于化学气相沉积炉均温区内,待炉体抽真空结束后,以0.5~5℃/min的升温速率将化学气相沉积炉升温至900~1300℃,达到工艺温度后直接通入甲烷气体,气体流量保持1.5~4L/min,炉压控制在10KPa以下,沉积时间为20~50小时,得到厚度大小合适界面层的陶瓷烧嘴预制体。
⑷陶瓷烧嘴基体致密化:将拥有界面层的陶瓷烧嘴预制体放置于加压浸渍设备中,通过压力作用使聚碳硅烷-二甲苯前驱体溶液浸渗入预制体内部,而后将浸渍完成的预制体放入高温热处理炉进行高温陶瓷化热处理,并重复多次上述过程直至陶瓷烧嘴产品密度达到1.8~2.2g/cm3。其中,浸渍压力为2~4MPa,浸渍温度为40~120℃,加压浸渍时间为4~8小时,高温陶瓷化温度为800~1600℃,热处理时间为4~8小时。
⑸陶瓷烧嘴的机械加工:根据陶瓷烧嘴致密化程度的不同,将陶瓷烧嘴机械加工工序分为粗加工和精加工两阶段。当产品复合密度达到1.2~1.8g/cm3时需要对产品进行粗加工,其主要采取车削、铣削加工方式;当产品复合密度达到1.8~2.2g/cm3时对产品进行精加工,其主要采取磨削加工方式。此外,产品加工期间需密切关注刀具的磨损情况。
⑹陶瓷烧嘴表面耐磨涂层处理:将基体致密化完成后的陶瓷烧嘴产品采用吊装方式置于化学气相沉积炉均温区内,以0.5~5℃/min的升温速率对化学气相沉积炉进行升温,以三氯甲基硅烷为先驱体,H2为载气及反应催化剂,Ar、N2为稀释及保护气体,沉积温度为900~1300℃,炉压控制在10KPa以下,沉积时间30~50小时,即得陶瓷烧嘴表面耐磨涂层。
Claims (4)
1.一种煤化工领域陶瓷基复合材料烧嘴的制造方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
a、陶瓷烧嘴芯模设计与加工;
b、陶瓷烧嘴预制体结构设计与成型:采用三维针刺结构进行预制体结构设计,具体为短纤维网胎与碳布交替铺层针刺,且预制体铺层方向须沿烧嘴径向,铺层厚度保证均匀,且预制体结构尺寸不小于最终产品尺寸,需石墨芯模来保证预制体的内型面尺寸;
c、陶瓷烧嘴预制体界面层制备:将陶瓷烧嘴预制体置于化学气相沉积炉中,以甲烷、丙烯烷烃化合物为先驱体,待炉体抽真空结束后,以0.5~5℃/min的升温速率将炉体升温至900~1300℃,炉压控制在10KPa以下,沉积20~50小时后,在陶瓷烧嘴预制体碳纤维表面沉积形成一层厚度均匀的热解碳界面层;
d、陶瓷烧嘴基体致密化:将拥有热解碳界面层的陶瓷烧嘴预制体通过加压浸渍的方法将聚碳硅烷-二甲苯或聚碳硅烷-二乙烯基苯前驱体溶液浸渗入预制体内部,然后在热处理炉内进行高温陶瓷化反应;其中,浸渍压力为2~4MPa,浸渍温度为40~120℃,加压浸渍时间为4~8小时,高温陶瓷化温度为800~1600℃,热处理时间为4~8小时;
e、重复步骤d直至陶瓷烧嘴密度达到1.8~2.2g/cm3的要求;
f、陶瓷烧嘴机械加工;
g、陶瓷烧嘴表面耐磨涂层处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种煤化工领域陶瓷基复合材料烧嘴的制造方法,其特征在于:
所述的陶瓷烧嘴芯模设计及加工工序如下:
以烧嘴成品的型面尺寸为依据,采用石墨作为芯模材料,在保证强度前提下进行产品芯模结构设计,加工完成后形成预制体的固型芯模。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种煤化工领域陶瓷基复合材料烧嘴的制造方法,其特征在于:
所述的陶瓷烧嘴机械加工工序如下:
根据陶瓷烧嘴基体致密化程度的不同,将陶瓷烧嘴机械加工工序分为粗加工和精加工两阶段;其中,当产品复合密度达到1.2~1.8g/cm3时需要对产品进行粗加工,当产品复合致密化密度达到1.8~2.0g/cm3时对产品进行精加工;加工过程所采用刀具均为定制刀具,加工过程期间需密切观察刀具磨损情况。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种煤化工领域陶瓷基复合材料烧嘴的制造方法,其特征在于:
所述的陶瓷烧嘴表面耐磨涂层处理的方法如下:将完成致密化的陶瓷烧嘴构件置于化学气相沉积炉中,以三氯甲基硅烷为先驱体,H2为载气及反应催化剂,Ar、N2为稀释及保护气体,沉积温度为900~1300℃,炉压控制在10KPa以下,沉积时间30~50小时,即得陶瓷烧嘴表面耐磨涂层。
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