CN105532404A - Method for improving artificial hybridization of willow cut twigs - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for improving artificial hybridization of cut branches of willows, comprising the following steps: (1) collection and processing of flowering branches: selecting a robust individual plant with no damage by disease and pest, and at a prime age as a parent, and flower buds begin to swell in early February Beforehand, on the selected mother tree, cut branches with a diameter of 1-2.5cm and a length of 1m with flower buds from the middle and upper part of the crown; after the branches are harvested, the male flower branches are hydroponically grown in the greenhouse; Cultivate, indoor temperature is 8-11 ℃, relative humidity is 40-50%, after 3-5 days, move into the greenhouse and simultaneously hydroponic with male flower branches. The method of the present invention cuts branches and hydroponically induces rooting, and the soil culture method is to move into the flowerpot with nutrient soil after the root primordium appears in the hydroponics, and the rooted flower branches of the soil culture are only poured a small amount of water to the flowerpot when needed, which can reduce the water consumption. The pruning, cleaning and water changing of the cultivation can save labor and time.

Description

A Method for Improving Artificial Hybridization of Cut Branches of Willow

technical field

The invention relates to a method for improving artificial hybridization of cut willow branches.

Background technique

Cutting branch hydroponic artificial hybridization is one of the important and effective breeding methods to obtain new willow varieties, and it is also a method commonly used in indoor hybridization at home and abroad. In hydroponics, the base of cut branches is hypoxic and susceptible to microbial infection, resulting in discoloration or even rot. Clean the mucus and trim the base, and change the water for the flowering branches frequently. Simultaneously, the nutrients required for the development of the seeds come entirely from the nutrients stored in the cut branches, and a large number of fruit ears on the flowering branches must be thinned out to ensure that a small amount of seeds can develop. In hydroponic hybridization, there are ears that are easy to fall off. Even if the seeds are obtained, the amount is small and not mature enough, and the breeding efficiency is low. Nutrient solution cultivation is adopted, but the concentration, temperature, and pH value of the nutrient solution are prone to drastic changes, the stability of the root system environment is poor, the requirements for the circulation of the nutrient solution are strict, and the management technology requirements are relatively high. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the hydroponics method, the soil culture method is used instead of the hydroponics method. On the one hand, it reduces the tedious work of changing water and pruning during hydroponics. nutrient.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that is easy to operate, stable in performance and high in hybridization seed setting rate. In order to solve the problems in crossbreeding such as strict conditions in the hydroponic experiment of cutting branches, troublesome management, few fruit seeds and poor quality, the soil culture method after cutting branches hydroponics to induce rooting is adopted, that is, the root primordium appears in the lower part of the hydroponic female flower branches After (white protrusion), plant in the flower pot that adds nutrient soil and continue to cultivate, then carry out conventional artificial hybridization methods such as pollination. This method is simple to manage, saves costs, has a system with a good root growth environment, and at the same time, seeds and fruits are close to natural maturity, with good quality and large quantity.

The present invention is realized by the following technical solutions:

1. a method for improving artificial hybridization of willow cut branches, comprising the following steps:

(1) Collection and processing of flower branches

Select an excellent single plant with strong growth, no pests and diseases, and a strong age as the parent. Before the flower buds start to expand in early February, cut the flower buds with a diameter of 1-2.5cm and a length of 1m from the upper middle of the crown on the selected mother tree. After the branches are harvested, the male flower branches are hydroponically grown in the greenhouse; the female flower branches are placed in a cool place for hydroponics, the indoor temperature is 8-11°C, and the relative humidity is 40-50%. After 3-5 days, they are moved into the greenhouse at the same time as the male flower branches Hydroponics;

(2) Hydroponic female flower branch

Select female flower branches, and keep 5-7 flower branches for each flower branch; remove 1/3-2/3 flower buds from each branch, and the selected full flower buds should be evenly distributed on the branches, and the base should be cut at an angle of 45-75 degrees in water oblique mouth, immersed in a bucket filled with clean water, placed in the greenhouse for cultivation;

b. Change the water

First, add 500ml of 1-5ml disinfectant solution to the water and pour it into the sterilized water container, the water depth is 30cm; when the indoor temperature is lower than 15 degrees, change the water once every two days, and if the indoor temperature is higher than 16 degrees, change the water once a day; In order to prevent continuous pollution of water, rinse the cuts of branches and buckets when changing water, and drain the original water thoroughly before adding new water. The new water is placed in the air in advance to preheat to the same temperature as the original water;

b. Control temperature and humidity

The temperature for hydroponics is 15-25°C, the relative air humidity is 80-90%, and the time of still wind, ventilation, and sunshine is 6-8h.

(3) planting

After the root primordium grows from the bottom of the flower branch in the bucket, transplant the cut branch into the flowerpot; the diameter of the flowerpot is 30cm, and the height is 22cm;

a. prepare nutritious soil, formula is 70% clay loam, 10% fine sand, 19% peat soil, 1% superphosphate, mixes evenly according to formula ratio, with 5% KMnO ₄ aqueous solution disinfections for subsequent use;

b. After transplanting and disinfecting the nutrient soil for 3 days, rinse the base of the flower branch with clean water and put it into a flowerpot at a depth of about 25cm. Place the nutrient soil, compact it layer by layer, and water and spray;

(4) Conservation

The temperature is controlled at 15-25°C during the day, the humidity is not lower than 90% in the early stage, and not lower than 60% in the later stage. Leave 5-7 leaves after the leaf buds on the top of the branches are left to remove the growth points; and spray 0.2% boric acid on the leaves .

In the practice of the present invention, firstly, the dormant state of the base of the flower branch is broken through the hydroponic treatment of the female flower branch, so as to promote the rooting of the flower branch. Because the branches themselves contain certain nutrients, tap water can make the cuttings root without nutrient solution, thereby saving costs and reducing processes. However, in order to prevent the invasion of external bacteria, the water needs to be changed regularly; when the plant takes root, the nutrition in the clear water is far from meeting the needs of plant growth, so it should be transplanted as soon as possible or cultured with nutrient solution; when there is a root primordium at the base of the flower branch, it can be planted again. In the flower pots added with nutrient soil, the flower buds and roots can grow normally, and then conventional artificial hybridization is carried out.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: effectively solve the problems of the existing willow indoor hydroponics method, complicated operation, labor and time-consuming, low hybridization success rate, and low hybridization seed setting rate. The soil cultivation method after rooting induction is to move the root primordium into the flowerpot with nutrient soil after the hydroponics. The rooted flower branches of the soil cultivation only need to pour a small amount of water to the flowerpot when needed; it can reduce the pruning, cleaning and replacement of hydroponics. Water and other work, saving labor and time. At the same time, flowering branches supplemented nutrients from the soil, which was beneficial to the development of embryos, and the fruit ripening period was relatively short, so more fruits were obtained. In addition, hydroponic flower branches need to reach a certain thickness in order to ensure the nutrients needed for flower and seed development, while potted rooted flower branches can be thinner, so more flower branch materials can be collected in soil culture and artificial hybrid breeding, and the remaining More ears for very good results.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.

1. a method for improving artificial hybridization of willow cut branches, comprising the following steps:

(1) Collection and processing of flower branches

Select an excellent single plant with strong growth, no pests and diseases, and a strong age as the parent. Before the flower buds start to expand in early February, cut the flower buds with a diameter of 1-2.5cm and a length of 1m from the upper middle of the crown on the selected mother tree. After the branches are harvested, the male flower branches are hydroponically grown in the greenhouse; the female flower branches are placed in a cool place for hydroponics, the indoor temperature is 8-11°C, and the relative humidity is 40-50%. After 3-5 days, they are moved into the greenhouse at the same time as the male flower branches Hydroponics; this allows early callus formation and rooting of shoots.

(2) Hydroponic female flower branch

Thin out as many leaf buds as possible from the female flower branches, and keep only 5-7 leaves on each flower branch; remove 1/3-2/3 flower buds from each branch, and the selected full flower buds should be evenly distributed on the branches, and the branches after pruning Wash the base with clean water, cut the base in the water with an angle of 45-75 degrees, immerse it in a bucket filled with clean water, and place it in the greenhouse for cultivation;

c. Change the water

First, add 500ml of 1-5ml disinfectant solution to the water and pour it into the sterilized water container, the water depth is 30cm; when the indoor temperature is lower than 15 degrees, change the water once every two days, and if the indoor temperature is higher than 16 degrees, change the water once a day; In order to prevent continuous pollution of water, rinse the cuts of branches and buckets when changing water, and drain the original water thoroughly before adding new water. The new water is placed in the air in advance to preheat to the same temperature as the original water; Or change the water before 9 o'clock in the morning.

b. Control temperature and humidity

The temperature for hydroponics is 15-25°C, the relative air humidity is 80-90%, and the time of still wind, ventilation, and sunshine is 6-8h.

(3) planting

After the root primordium grows from the bottom of the flower branch in the bucket, transplant the cut branch into the flowerpot; choose the flowerpot with a diameter of 30cm and a height of 22cm;

a. prepare nutritious soil, the formula is 70% clay loam, 10% fine sand, 19% peat soil, 1% superphosphate, mix evenly according to the formula ratio, use 5% KMnO ₄ aqueous solution disinfection after standby.

b. After transplanting and disinfecting the nutrient soil for 3 days, rinse the base of the flower branch with clean water and put it into a flowerpot at a depth of about 25cm. Place the nutrient soil, compact it in layers, and water and spray. Plant one large flower branch in each flower pot, and plant two small flower branches.

(4) Conservation

After routine hybridization such as artificial bagging and pollination, the room should be kept ventilated, the temperature should be controlled at 15-25°C during the day, the humidity should not be lower than 90% in the early stage, and not lower than 60% in the later stage, and 5-7 leaf buds at the top of the branches should be left after the leaves are unfolded. Leaves, remove growth points; and spray 0.2% boric acid on the leaves. During the management process, wipe off the buds in time, water them at the right time, keep the humidity of the flower pots, and remove weeds in time to prevent pests and diseases.

Claims (1)

1. improve the method that willow cuts an artificial hybridization, comprise the following steps:

(1) Acquire and process of spray

Growth selection is healthy and strong, without damage by disease and insect, strengthen the fine individual plant in the length of time as parent, before bud at the beginning of 2 months starts to expand, on the elite stand chosen, from branch with bud of tree crown middle and upper part clip diameter 1-2.5cm, long 1m; Branch adopt lower after, male flower branch carries out water planting in greenhouse; The In Shade water planting of female spray, indoor temperature, at 8-11 DEG C, moves into greenhouse and male flower branch water planting simultaneously after relative moisture 40-50%, 3-5 days;

(2) the female spray of water planting

Select female spray, each spray retains 5-7; Dredge for every and remove 1/3-2/3 bud, the full bud selected and remain should be evenly distributed on branch, and base portion being cut angle in water is 45-75 degree angle, immerses and is equipped with in the bucket of clear water, is placed in greenhouse and cultivates;

A, change water

First, add in water 1-5ml go out thimerosal 500ml inject through sterilization after water receptacle, depth of water 30cm; Indoor temperature, lower than under 15 degree, changes water once in two days, and indoor temperature, higher than more than 16 degree, changes water every day once; For the continuous pollution of anti-sealing, rinse branch otch and bucket when changing water, and add new water liquid again after former water liquid is thoroughly discharged, new water liquid place in advance in air be preheating to identical with former water liquid temp;

B, control temp. and humidity

The temperature 15-25 DEG C of water planting, relative air humidity 80-90%, quiet wind, ventilation, sunshine time 6-8h;

(3) plant

After the spray bottom in bucket grows root restriction, branch will be cut and be transplanted in flowerpot; Choosing flowerpot diameter is 30cm, high 22cm;

A. prepare Nutrition Soil, formula is 70% clay loam, 10% fine sand, 19% turfy soil, 1% superphosphate, mixes all by formula rate, with the KMn0 of 5% ₄for subsequent use after aqueous solution sterilization;

B. transplant, Nutritive cube sterilization is after 3 days, puts into flowerpot, about degree of depth 25cm, place Nutrition Soil after being rinsed by spray base portion clean water, compaction in layers sprinkling of watering;

(4) maintenance

Temperature controls 15-25 DEG C by day, and the humidity initial stage is not low by 90%, and the later stage is not less than 60%, and shoot apex leaf bud treats that Zhan Yehou stays 5-7 sheet leaf, removes growing point; And at the boric acid of foliage spray 0.2%.