CN105539180B - A hybrid power supply control method for a cross-shaped electric vehicle - Google Patents
A hybrid power supply control method for a cross-shaped electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN105539180B CN105539180B CN201511000289.8A CN201511000289A CN105539180B CN 105539180 B CN105539180 B CN 105539180B CN 201511000289 A CN201511000289 A CN 201511000289A CN 105539180 B CN105539180 B CN 105539180B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/14—Preventing excessive discharging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/25—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by controlling the electric load
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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Abstract
Description
技术领域：Technical field:
本发明属于能源动力技术领域，涉及一种田字型电动汽车混合电源控制方法，通过对动力需求的重新分配，优化配置不同储能装置的工作状态，使得每一种储能装置都可以尽可能工作在自己最为适合的工况，实现能量转换或能量输出的效率、寿命、成本、可靠性等性能的优化。The invention belongs to the technical field of energy and power, and relates to a method for controlling a hybrid power source of a cross-shaped electric vehicle. By redistributing the power demand, the working states of different energy storage devices are optimally configured, so that each energy storage device can work as much as possible In the most suitable working conditions, realize the optimization of energy conversion or energy output efficiency, life, cost, reliability and other performance.
背景技术：Background technique:
目前，电动汽车的电池系统主要采用锂电池，虽然锂电池在适应车辆行驶的动态动力需求的能力上，明显优于发动机，但是目前常用的整体电池组结构还是存在不足，主要体现在电池组设计的成本，寿命、容量等参数的相互矛盾上，不管是混合动力汽车，还是纯电动汽车，电池组需要承担车辆动力需求的动态部分，为驱动电机直接提供能量的电池组经常工作在大幅度的动态变换工况，现有的单一整体电池组设计结构中电池必须满足这种动态动力需求，对于锂电池同样存在一个最优工况的问题。如果将电动汽车的锂电池组也采用混合结构，理论上可以在满足动力需求、续驶里程的条件下，大幅度降低电池组成本，有效延长电池组寿命，但是实际统计数据表明，整体电池组的装车实际使用寿命均明显低于电芯的台架试验寿命，其中的可能主要原因是电池组在装车环境下，其工作状态的匹配不合理。混合储能的结构前人已做过多种结构方案，包括锂电池+超级电容、铅酸电池+超级电容、锂电池+铅酸电池，但基本是两种储能装置直接并联的方式，很难达到理想的效果，这是由于直接并联由于两者的电压平台始终保持一致，无法根本上实现两者的工作状态解耦，也就不能完全实现两者工况的同时最优。At present, the battery system of electric vehicles mainly uses lithium batteries. Although the ability of lithium batteries to adapt to the dynamic power requirements of vehicles is obviously better than that of engines, there are still deficiencies in the current commonly used overall battery pack structure, which is mainly reflected in the design of the battery pack. In terms of cost, life, capacity and other parameters, whether it is a hybrid vehicle or a pure electric vehicle, the battery pack needs to bear the dynamic part of the vehicle power demand, and the battery pack that directly provides energy for the drive motor often works at a large Dynamically changing working conditions, the battery in the existing single overall battery pack design structure must meet this dynamic power demand, and there is also a problem of optimal working conditions for lithium batteries. If the lithium battery pack of an electric vehicle is also of a hybrid structure, in theory, the cost of the battery pack can be greatly reduced and the life of the battery pack can be effectively extended under the conditions of meeting the power demand and driving range. However, actual statistics show that the overall battery pack The actual service life of the loaded vehicle is significantly lower than the bench test life of the battery cell. The possible main reason is that the matching of the working state of the battery pack is unreasonable in the loading environment. The structure of hybrid energy storage has been done in a variety of structural schemes, including lithium battery + super capacitor, lead-acid battery + super capacitor, lithium battery + lead-acid battery, but basically the two energy storage devices are directly connected in parallel. It is difficult to achieve the desired effect. This is because the direct parallel connection cannot fundamentally realize the decoupling of the working states of the two because the voltage platforms of the two are always consistent, and it is impossible to fully realize the simultaneous optimization of the two working conditions.
发明内容：Invention content:
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点，寻求设计提供一种田字型电动汽车混合电源控制方法，通过两组储能装置的合理切换实现储能装置电能输出不中断条件下的过充、过放和温度保护等功能，通过对两组储能装置进行隔离切换控制，能有效提高系统状态参数的估算精度，并有效回收再利用再生制动能量。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, seek to design and provide a hybrid power supply control method for a cross-shaped electric vehicle, through the reasonable switching of two sets of energy storage devices to achieve overcharging, Functions such as over-discharge and temperature protection can effectively improve the estimation accuracy of system state parameters and effectively recover and reuse regenerative braking energy through the isolation and switching control of two sets of energy storage devices.
为了实现上述目的，本发明在田字型电动汽车混合电源装置中实现，电子控制单元通过通讯总线实时读取第一储能装置和第二储能装置的荷电(SOC)状态，根据两者的荷电状态控制第一开关和第二开关的导通与关断以及发电装置的开启与关闭，具体步骤为：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented in the hybrid power supply device of a cross-shaped electric vehicle, and the electronic control unit reads the state of charge (SOC) of the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device in real time through the communication bus, and according to both The state of charge controls the turn-on and turn-off of the first switch and the second switch and the turn-on and turn-off of the power generation device. The specific steps are:
(1)、电子控制单元通过直流充放电接口判断整个装置是否处于充电状态，如果是充电状态，进入步骤(2)充电循环，如果不是充电状态，进入步骤(3)放电循环；(1), the electronic control unit judges whether the whole device is in the charging state through the DC charging and discharging interface, if it is in the charging state, enter step (2) charging cycle, if not in charging state, enter step (3) discharge cycle;
(2)充电循环：(2) Charging cycle:
第一步：关闭发电装置；The first step: turn off the power generation device;
第二步，判断SOC32是否大于SOC32max，如果SOC32>SOC32max，电子控制单元输出第一开关和第二开关的PWM控制信号，使得D52>U31/(U31+U32)，第二储能装置的电能转移到第一储能装置；The second step is to judge whether SOC32 is greater than SOC32max. If SOC32>SOC32max, the electronic control unit outputs the PWM control signals of the first switch and the second switch, so that D52>U31/(U31+U32), and the electric energy of the second energy storage device is transferred to the first energy storage device;
第三步，判断SOC31是否大于SOC31max，如果SOC31>SOC31max，电子控制单元输出控制信号，全部关断第一开关和第二开关，充电结束；如果SOC31<SOC31max，返回第二步，依次循环；The third step is to judge whether SOC31 is greater than SOC31max, if SOC31>SOC31max, the electronic control unit outputs a control signal, all turn off the first switch and the second switch, and the charging is completed; if SOC31<SOC31max, return to the second step, and cycle in turn;
(3)放电循环：(3) Discharge cycle:
第一步，判断第二储能装置的荷电状态，如果SOC32>SOC32max，关闭发电装置；如果SOC32<SOC32min,开启发电装置；如果SOC32max>SOC32>SOC32min，保持发电装置状态不变；发电装置开启时分别对第一储能装置和第二储能装置充电，发电装置的输出电流大于等于电机控制器的平均输出电流；The first step is to judge the state of charge of the second energy storage device. If SOC32>SOC32max, turn off the power generation device; if SOC32<SOC32min, turn on the power generation device; if SOC32max>SOC32>SOC32min, keep the state of the power generation device unchanged; turn on the power generation device When charging the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device, the output current of the power generation device is greater than or equal to the average output current of the motor controller;
第二步，判断第一储能装置的荷电状态，如果SOC31>SOC31max，电子控制单元输出第一开关和第二开关的PWM控制信号，使得D52<U31/(U31+U32)，使第一储能装置的电能转移到第二储能装置；如果SOC31<SOC31min，电子控制单元输出第一开关和第二开关的PWM控制信号，使得D52>U31/(U31+U32)，使第二储能装置的电能转移到第一储能装置，并且第二储能装置的电能转移到第一储能装置的电流大于等于电机控制器的平均输出电流；如果SOC31max>SOC31>SOC31min，则关闭第一开关和第二开关；其中SOC31为第一储能装置的SOC，SOC31min为第一储能装置的最小SOC，SOC31max为第一储能装置的最大SOC，SOC32为第二储能装置的SOC，SOC32min为第二储能装置的最小SOC，SOC32max为第二储能装置的最大SOC；U31为第一储能装置的电压，U32为第二储能装置的电压；D52为第二开关的控制占空比，D52＝T52on/(T52on+T52off)，式中T52on为第二开关的导通持续时间，T52off为第二开关的关断持续时间。The second step is to judge the state of charge of the first energy storage device. If SOC31>SOC31max, the electronic control unit outputs the PWM control signals of the first switch and the second switch so that D52<U31/(U31+U32), so that the first The electric energy of the energy storage device is transferred to the second energy storage device; if SOC31<SOC31min, the electronic control unit outputs the PWM control signals of the first switch and the second switch, so that D52>U31/(U31+U32), so that the second energy storage The electric energy of the device is transferred to the first energy storage device, and the current of the electric energy transferred to the first energy storage device by the second energy storage device is greater than or equal to the average output current of the motor controller; if SOC31max>SOC31>SOC31min, then turn off the first switch and the second switch; where SOC31 is the SOC of the first energy storage device, SOC31min is the minimum SOC of the first energy storage device, SOC31max is the maximum SOC of the first energy storage device, SOC32 is the SOC of the second energy storage device, and SOC32min is The minimum SOC of the second energy storage device, SOC32max is the maximum SOC of the second energy storage device; U31 is the voltage of the first energy storage device, U32 is the voltage of the second energy storage device; D52 is the control duty ratio of the second switch , D52=T52on/(T52on+T52off), where T52on is the on-time duration of the second switch, and T52off is the off-time duration of the second switch.
本发明所述田字型电动汽车混合电源装置的主体结构包括驱动电机、电机控制器、第一储能装置、第二储能装置、电感、第一开关、第二开关、发电装置、电子控制单元、直流充放电接口、第一连接点、第二连接点、通讯总线和控制线；第一开关和第二开关串联连接，第一开关和第二开关之间设有第一连接点，第二开关与第二储能装置的负极连接，第一开关与第一储能装置的正极连接；第一储能装置和第二储能装置串联连接，第一储能装置的负极与第二储能装置的正极电连接，第一储能装置和第二储能装置之间设有连接点，电感的一端与第一连接点连接，另一端与第二连接点连接；第一储能装置的正极分别与发电装置的正极和电机控制器的直流输入正极电连接；第二储能装置的负极与发电装置的负极电连接，第二储能装置的正极和电机控制器的直流输入负极电连接；电机控制器的输出端与驱动电机电连接；直流充放电接口的正极端子和负极端子分别连接第二储能装置的正极和负极；电子控制单元通过通讯总线分别与第一储能装置、第二储能装置、发电装置和直流充放电接口连接进行状态数据交换，并控制发电装置输出电流；电子控制单元通过控制线分别与第一开关和第二开关连接，控制第一开关和第二开关的导通与关断。The main structure of the hybrid power supply device for a cross-shaped electric vehicle in the present invention includes a drive motor, a motor controller, a first energy storage device, a second energy storage device, an inductor, a first switch, a second switch, a power generating device, an electronic control Unit, DC charge and discharge interface, first connection point, second connection point, communication bus and control line; the first switch and the second switch are connected in series, the first connection point is set between the first switch and the second switch, and the second The second switch is connected to the negative pole of the second energy storage device, and the first switch is connected to the positive pole of the first energy storage device; the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device are connected in series, and the negative pole of the first energy storage device is connected to the second energy storage device. The positive pole of the energy storage device is electrically connected, a connection point is provided between the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device, one end of the inductor is connected to the first connection point, and the other end is connected to the second connection point; the first energy storage device The positive pole is electrically connected to the positive pole of the power generating device and the positive pole of the DC input of the motor controller; the negative pole of the second energy storage device is electrically connected to the negative pole of the power generating device, and the positive pole of the second energy storage device is electrically connected to the negative pole of the DC input of the motor controller ; The output end of the motor controller is electrically connected to the driving motor; the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the DC charging and discharging interface are respectively connected to the positive pole and negative pole of the second energy storage device; the electronic control unit is respectively connected to the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device through the communication bus 2. The energy storage device, the power generation device and the DC charging and discharging interface are connected to exchange state data, and control the output current of the power generation device; the electronic control unit is respectively connected to the first switch and the second switch through the control line, and controls the first switch and the second switch on and off.
本发明所述第一开关和第二开关为场效应管、绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)或其他类型固态开关器件；第一储能装置为直流功率型储能装置，包括动力锂电池组或超级电容等，第二储能装置为直流储能型电池组，包括储能锂电池组或铅酸电池等储能型电池，发电装置为直流输出的电能输出装置，包括内燃发电机组或燃料电池。The first switch and the second switch of the present invention are field effect transistors, insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) or other types of solid-state switching devices; the first energy storage device is a DC power type energy storage device, including a power lithium battery pack or supercapacitors, etc., the second energy storage device is a DC energy storage battery pack, including energy storage lithium battery packs or lead-acid batteries and other energy storage batteries, and the power generation device is a DC output power output device, including internal combustion generators or fuel Battery.
本发明所述电子控制单元控制第一开关、第二开关工作在反相状态或全部关断状态，即第一开关导通时，第二开关关断；第一开关关断时，第二开关导通；或第一开关和第二开关同时关断。The electronic control unit of the present invention controls the first switch and the second switch to work in the anti-phase state or all off states, that is, when the first switch is turned on, the second switch is turned off; when the first switch is turned off, the second switch turned on; or the first switch and the second switch are turned off simultaneously.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点：一是电动汽车混合电源装置通过两组储能装置的合理切换，实现储能装置中电池组电能输出不中断条件下的过充保护、过放保护和温度保护等功能，有效解决了单一储能装置由于过充、过放、温度等保护功能而必须切断电能输出，严重影响行车安全的问题；二是该装置由动力输出模块匹配适应负载动力需求，并有效回收再生制动能量，可大幅度减小匹配的储能装置的容量需求；三是其储能装置可以实现浅充浅放，大幅度提高电池寿命；四是两组储能装置在不影响动力输出的条件下，可以通过单独或同时隔离电能的输入、输出，减少或消除外部因素对电池的影响，提高相关变量的测量精度，从而明显提高储能装置状态参数的估算精度，使得储能装置系统的管理和控制过程更为合理、高效；其工艺简单，原理可靠，操作方便，使用寿命长，电源控制合理高效，能耗少，环境友好。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: First, the electric vehicle hybrid power supply device realizes overcharge protection and overdischarge under the condition that the electric energy output of the battery pack in the energy storage device is not interrupted through the reasonable switching of two sets of energy storage devices Protection and temperature protection and other functions effectively solve the problem that a single energy storage device must cut off the power output due to overcharge, overdischarge, temperature and other protection functions, which seriously affects driving safety; the second is that the device is matched by the power output module to adapt to the load power demand, and effectively recover regenerative braking energy, which can greatly reduce the capacity demand of the matching energy storage device; third, its energy storage device can realize shallow charging and shallow discharge, greatly improving battery life; fourth, two sets of energy storage devices Under the condition of not affecting the power output, the influence of external factors on the battery can be reduced or eliminated by isolating the input and output of electric energy separately or simultaneously, and the measurement accuracy of related variables can be improved, thereby significantly improving the estimation accuracy of the state parameters of the energy storage device. The management and control process of the energy storage device system is more reasonable and efficient; the process is simple, the principle is reliable, the operation is convenient, the service life is long, the power control is reasonable and efficient, the energy consumption is less, and the environment is friendly.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1为本发明所述田字型电动汽车混合电源装置的主体结构电路原理示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure and circuit principle of the hybrid power supply device for a cross-shaped electric vehicle according to the present invention.
具体实施方式：detailed description:
下面通过实施例并结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below by way of embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例：Example:
本实施例对电动汽车混合电源进行控制的工作原理为：电子控制单元7通过通讯总线实时读取第一储能装置31和第二储能装置32的荷电(SOC)状态，根据两者的荷电状态控制第一开关51和第二开关52的导通与关断以及发电装置6的开启与关闭，具体步骤为：In this embodiment, the working principle of controlling the electric vehicle hybrid power supply is: the electronic control unit 7 reads the state of charge (SOC) of the first energy storage device 31 and the second energy storage device 32 in real time through the communication bus, and according to the state of charge of the two The state of charge controls the turn-on and turn-off of the first switch 51 and the second switch 52 and the turn-on and turn-off of the power generation device 6. The specific steps are:
(1)、电子控制单元7通过直流充放电接口8判断整个装置是否处于充电状态，如果是充电状态，进入步骤(2)充电循环，如果不是充电状态，进入步骤(3)放电循环；(1), the electronic control unit 7 judges whether the whole device is in the charging state through the DC charging and discharging interface 8, if it is in the charging state, enters the step (2) charging cycle, if not in the charging state, enters the step (3) discharging cycle;
(2)充电循环：(2) Charging cycle:
第一步：关闭发电装置6；The first step: close the power generating device 6;
第二步，判断SOC32是否大于SOC32max，如果SOC32>SOC32max，电子控制单元7输出第一开关51和第二开关52的PWM控制信号，使得D52>U31/(U31+U32)，第二储能装置32的电能转移到第一储能装置31；The second step is to judge whether SOC32 is greater than SOC32max. If SOC32>SOC32max, the electronic control unit 7 outputs the PWM control signals of the first switch 51 and the second switch 52, so that D52>U31/(U31+U32), the second energy storage device The electric energy of 32 is transferred to the first energy storage device 31;
第三步，判断SOC31是否大于SOC31max，如果SOC31>SOC31max，电子控制单元7输出控制信号，全部关断第一开关51和第二开关52，充电结束；如果SOC31<SOC31max，返回第二步，依次循环；The third step is to judge whether SOC31 is greater than SOC31max, if SOC31>SOC31max, the electronic control unit 7 outputs a control signal, all turn off the first switch 51 and the second switch 52, and the charging ends; if SOC31<SOC31max, return to the second step, and then cycle;
(3)放电循环：(3) Discharge cycle:
第一步，判断第二储能装置32的荷电状态，如果SOC32>SOC32max，关闭发电装置6；如果SOC32<SOC32min,开启发电装置6；如果SOC32max>SOC32>SOC32min，保持发电装置6状态不变；发电装置6开启时，以恒定电流A6分别对第一储能装置31和第二储能装置32充电，并且充电电流A6大于等于电机控制器2的平均输出电流A2outavg；The first step is to judge the state of charge of the second energy storage device 32, if SOC32>SOC32max, turn off the power generation device 6; if SOC32<SOC32min, turn on the power generation device 6; if SOC32max>SOC32>SOC32min, keep the state of the power generation device 6 unchanged ; When the power generation device 6 is turned on, the first energy storage device 31 and the second energy storage device 32 are charged with a constant current A6, and the charging current A6 is greater than or equal to the average output current A2outavg of the motor controller 2;
第二步，判断第一储能装置31的荷电状态，如果SOC31>SOC31max，电子控制单元7输出第一开关51和第二开关52的PWM控制信号，使得D52<U31/(U31+U32)，使得第一储能装置31的电能转移到第二储能装置32；如果SOC31<SOC31min，电子控制单元7输出第一开关51和第二开关52的PWM控制信号，使得D52>U31/(U31+U32)，使得第二储能装置32的电能转移到第一储能装置31，并且转移电流A32_31大于等于电机控制器2的平均输出电流A2outavg；如果SOC31max>SOC31>SOC31min，则关闭第一开关51和第二开关52；其中SOC31为第一储能装置31的SOC，SOC31min为第一储能装置31的最小SOC，SOC31max为第一储能装置31的最大SOC，SOC32为第二储能装置32的SOC，SOC32min为第二储能装置32的最小SOC，SOC32max为第二储能装置32的最大SOC，A6为发电装置6的输出电流，A2outavg为驱动电机1工作在电动机状态，电机控制器2的平均输出电流；U31为第一储能装置31的电压，U32为第二储能装置32的电压；D52为第二开关52的控制占空比，D52＝T52on/(T52on+T52off)，式中T52on为第二开关52的导通持续时间，T52off为第二开关52的关断持续时间。The second step is to judge the state of charge of the first energy storage device 31. If SOC31>SOC31max, the electronic control unit 7 outputs the PWM control signals of the first switch 51 and the second switch 52, so that D52<U31/(U31+U32) , so that the electric energy of the first energy storage device 31 is transferred to the second energy storage device 32; if SOC31<SOC31min, the electronic control unit 7 outputs the PWM control signals of the first switch 51 and the second switch 52, so that D52>U31/(U31 +U32), so that the electric energy of the second energy storage device 32 is transferred to the first energy storage device 31, and the transfer current A32_31 is greater than or equal to the average output current A2outavg of the motor controller 2; if SOC31max>SOC31>SOC31min, then close the first switch 51 and the second switch 52; where SOC31 is the SOC of the first energy storage device 31, SOC31min is the minimum SOC of the first energy storage device 31, SOC31max is the maximum SOC of the first energy storage device 31, and SOC32 is the second energy storage device 32 SOC, SOC32min is the minimum SOC of the second energy storage device 32, SOC32max is the maximum SOC of the second energy storage device 32, A6 is the output current of the power generation device 6, A2outavg is the drive motor 1 working in the motor state, the motor controller 2 average output current; U31 is the voltage of the first energy storage device 31, U32 is the voltage of the second energy storage device 32; D52 is the control duty ratio of the second switch 52, D52=T52on/(T52on+T52off), In the formula, T52on is the on duration of the second switch 52 , and T52off is the off duration of the second switch 52 .
本实施例所述田字型电动汽车混合电源装置的主体结构如图1所示，包括驱动电机1、电机控制器2、第一储能装置31、第二储能装置32、电感4、第一开关51、第二开关52、发电装置6、电子控制单元7、直流充放电接口8、第一连接点91、第二连接点92，通讯总线10和控制线11；第一开关51和第二开关52串联连接，第一开关51和第二开关52之间设有第一连接点91，第二开关52与电感4第二储能装置32的负极连接，第一开关51与第一储能装置31的正极连接；第一储能装置31和第二储能装置32串联连接，第一储能装置31的负极与第二储能装置32的正极电连接，第一储能装置31和第二储能装置32之间设有连接点，电感4的一端与第一连接点91连接，另一端与第二连接点92连接；第一储能装置31的正极分别与发电装置6的正极和电机控制器的直流输入正极电连接；第二储能装置32的负极与发电装置6的负极电连接，第二储能装置32的正极和电机控制器2的直流输入负极电连接；电机控制器2的输出与驱动电机1电连接；直流充放电接口8的正极端子和负极端子分别连接第二储能装置32的正极和负极；电子控制单元7通过通讯总线10分别与第一储能装置31、第二储能装置32、发电装置6和直流充放电接口8连接进行状态数据交换，并控制发电装置6输出电流；电子控制单元7通过控制线11分别与第一开关51和第二开关52连接，控制第一开关51和第二开关52的导通与关断。The main structure of the grid-shaped hybrid power supply device for electric vehicles described in this embodiment is shown in Figure 1, including a drive motor 1, a motor controller 2, a first energy storage device 31, a second energy storage device 32, an inductor 4, a second energy storage device A switch 51, a second switch 52, a power generating device 6, an electronic control unit 7, a DC charging and discharging interface 8, a first connecting point 91, a second connecting point 92, a communication bus 10 and a control line 11; the first switch 51 and the second The two switches 52 are connected in series, a first connection point 91 is provided between the first switch 51 and the second switch 52, the second switch 52 is connected to the negative pole of the inductor 4 and the second energy storage device 32, and the first switch 51 is connected to the first energy storage device. The positive pole connection of energy storage device 31; The first energy storage device 31 and the second energy storage device 32 are connected in series, and the negative pole of the first energy storage device 31 is electrically connected with the positive pole of the second energy storage device 32, and the first energy storage device 31 and the second energy storage device 32 are connected in series. A connection point is arranged between the second energy storage device 32, and one end of the inductance 4 is connected with the first connection point 91, and the other end is connected with the second connection point 92; It is electrically connected with the DC input positive pole of the motor controller; the negative pole of the second energy storage device 32 is electrically connected with the negative pole of the power generation device 6, and the positive pole of the second energy storage device 32 is electrically connected with the DC input negative pole of the motor controller 2; the motor control The output of the device 2 is electrically connected to the drive motor 1; the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the DC charging and discharging interface 8 are respectively connected to the positive pole and the negative pole of the second energy storage device 32; the electronic control unit 7 is respectively connected to the first energy storage device through the communication bus 10 31. The second energy storage device 32, the power generation device 6 and the DC charging and discharging interface 8 are connected to exchange state data, and control the output current of the power generation device 6; the electronic control unit 7 is respectively connected to the first switch 51 and the second switch through the control line 11 52 to control the on and off of the first switch 51 and the second switch 52.
本实施例所述第一开关51和第二开关52为场效应管、绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)或其他类型固态开关器件；第一储能装置31为直流功率型储能装置，包括动力锂电池组或超级电容等，第二储能装置32为直流储能型电池组，包括储能锂电池组或铅酸电池等储能型电池，发电装置6为直流输出的电能输出装置，包括内燃发电机组或燃料电池。The first switch 51 and the second switch 52 described in this embodiment are field effect transistors, insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) or other types of solid-state switching devices; the first energy storage device 31 is a DC power type energy storage device, including power lithium battery pack or supercapacitor, etc., the second energy storage device 32 is a DC energy storage battery pack, including energy storage batteries such as an energy storage lithium battery pack or a lead-acid battery, and the power generation device 6 is an electric energy output device with a DC output. Includes internal combustion generator sets or fuel cells.
本实施例所述电子控制单元7控制第一开关51、第二开关52工作在反相状态或全部关断状态，即第一开关51导通时，第二开关52关断；第一开关51关断时，第二开关52导通；或第一开关51和第二开关52同时关断。The electronic control unit 7 described in the present embodiment controls the first switch 51 and the second switch 52 to work in an anti-phase state or an all-off state, that is, when the first switch 51 is turned on, the second switch 52 is turned off; the first switch 51 When it is turned off, the second switch 52 is turned on; or the first switch 51 and the second switch 52 are turned off simultaneously.
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