CN105454201A - Airflow-assisting-type biopesticide spraying centrifugal atomizing device used for facility horticulture - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an airflow-assisted biological pesticide spraying centrifugal atomization device for facility gardening and belongs to the field of agricultural machinery. Including DC motor (1), vane device (2), vane shaft (3), accelerator input shaft (4), accelerator output shaft (5), U-shaped shaft (6), motor fixing device (7), first coupling Shaft device (8), planetary gear accelerator (10), safety cover (11), atomization turntable (12), guide cylinder (13) and liquid inlet device (14); said DC motor (1), blade The shaft, the vane device, the first coupling, the input shaft of the accelerator, and the planetary gear accelerator are connected in sequence, and the output shaft of the accelerator, the second coupling, and the U-shaped shaft are connected to the atomizing turntable in sequence. The invention realizes the advantages of wide coverage and good penetrating performance without affecting the activity of biological pesticides, avoids the pesticide residues of crops cultivated in greenhouses, and reduces pollution.

Description

Air-assisted biological pesticide spraying centrifugal atomization device for facility horticulture

technical field

The invention relates to a biopesticide spraying or atomization device for facility gardening, in particular to an airflow-assisted biopesticide spraying centrifugal atomization device for facility gardening.

Background technique

The long-term continuous planting and high temperature and high humidity conditions in protected gardening create suitable environmental conditions for the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, so that some germs, insect eggs and pests can reproduce year after year. Since protected cultivation is carried out in a relatively closed space, chemical The use of pesticides will greatly increase pesticide residues in agricultural products, operator poisoning and environmental pollution.

Biological pesticides refer to the direct use of living organisms (such as fungi, bacteria, nematodes, insect viruses, genetically modified organisms, natural enemies, etc.) or the use of biologically active substances (agricultural antibiotics, plant growth regulators, sex pheromones, feeding inhibitors, , Juvenile Hormone, etc.) The preparations for killing or inhibiting harmful organisms in agriculture and forestry have the advantages of safety and high efficiency, rapid decomposition, strong selectivity, low residue, high efficiency, and are not easy to produce drug resistance. For biological living pesticides, how to keep their activity from being damaged is the key to the spraying device.

The effect of biological pesticides on disease and insect pest control is closely related to the environment. One is temperature. The active ingredients of biological pesticides are mainly composed of protein crystals and living spores, which require high temperature. When using biological pesticides, the temperature must be controlled at 15 ~30°C. The second is humidity. Biological pesticides are extremely sensitive to humidity requirements. The greater the ambient humidity, the more obvious the efficacy. The third is ultraviolet rays. Ultraviolet rays have a fatal killing effect on biological pesticides. It is best to spray biological pesticides outdoors on cloudy days or in the evening.

In view of the environmental requirements for the use of biological pesticides, the greenhouse has outstanding advantages. First, the temperature, due to the airtight space, is relatively high, generally higher than 10°C outside the shed; second, the humidity is caused by ground water evaporation and crop leaves. Most of the water vapor produced by surface transpiration stays in the shed, and the air humidity is significantly higher than outside the shed, often with a humidity of more than 90%, and the duration is long; the third is ultraviolet rays, because plastic greenhouses use plastic film or glass for lighting, so , the light intensity is low, and the light quality is poor. To sum up, it can be seen that the use of biological control of pests and diseases in greenhouses can not only ensure the efficacy of medicines, but also reduce pollution and leave no residue.

Centrifugal atomization uses a very low pressure to make the liquid flow radially on a high-speed rotating disc, and finally is thrown out from the edge of the disc to form droplets. This atomization method does mechanical damage to the activity of biological pesticides. Small. Centrifugal atomization is characterized by relatively uniform droplet size, easy adjustment of particle size, and large coverage. The disadvantage is that the penetration is relatively poor.

In view of the low and dense crops in protected horticulture, the sprayed pesticides should cover a wide range, have good droplet penetration performance, be able to deposit a large amount on target parts such as crop leaves, and have low toxicity, low residue, and little pollution. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to develop an active atomization device that can maintain biopesticides for facility gardening.

The patent titled "Air-driven centrifugal atomizer, an air-driven spray test device (Patent No.: 200920035407)" provides an atomizer for spraying liquid medicine. All are directly within the range of the wind field generated by the fan to improve the penetration and deposition rate of the droplets, but the centrifugal atomization turntable is covered with a centrifugal atomization cover fixed on the motor housing, and the surrounding area of the centrifugal atomization cover is When the atomization teeth are set, after the biopesticide is thrown onto the atomization case, the atomization teeth on the centrifugal atomization case will cause secondary mechanical damage to the activity of the biopesticide. The activity of biopesticide is the fundamental guarantee of its efficacy. This technology can complete the atomization under very low liquid inlet pressure, thereby reducing the damage to biopesticide.

Contents of the invention

1. The technical problem to be solved by the invention

Aiming at the pesticide residues and pollution of crops cultivated in greenhouses, as well as the damage to biopesticides caused by the atomizers spraying liquid chemicals, and according to the environmental requirements for the use of biopesticides, greenhouses with high temperature, high humidity, and low ultraviolet intensity Features, the present invention provides an airflow-assisted biopesticide spraying centrifugal atomization device for facility gardening, so that the mist with wide coverage and good penetrating performance can be realized for facility gardening without affecting the activity of biopesticides The use of biological pesticides avoids the residue of crops cultivated in greenhouses and reduces pollution.

2. Technical solution

The invention patent is realized through the following technical solutions:

An airflow-assisted biological pesticide spraying centrifugal atomization device for facility gardening, which includes a DC motor, a blade device, a blade shaft, an accelerator input shaft, an accelerator output shaft, a U-shaped shaft, a motor fixing device, a first coupling, Rolling shaft, planetary gear accelerator, safety cover, atomizing turntable, guide cylinder and liquid inlet device; the DC motor is connected to the blade device through the blade shaft, and the DC motor is fixed to the guide cylinder through the motor fixing device Inside, one end of the blade shaft is connected to the DC motor, the other end is connected to the first coupling, and the middle drives the blades of the blade device to rotate. One end of the accelerator input shaft is connected to the first coupling, and the other end is connected to the planetary gear accelerator. The planetary gear The accelerator is fixed by a safety cover, and the safety cover is fixed in the diversion cylinder; the diversion cone is installed on the inner side of the diversion cylinder and fixed on the shell of the planetary gear accelerator; one end of the output shaft of the accelerator is connected with the planetary gear accelerator, and the accelerator output The other end of the shaft is connected to the U-shaped shaft through a second coupling, the U-shaped shaft is fixedly connected to the atomizing turntable, and the liquid inlet device is connected to the inner wall of the atomizing turntable.

The DC motor used to provide power is used as the main power device, which is not only the power to generate air flow but also the power to generate centrifugal force; it is used to connect the DC motor and the blade shaft of the blade device, one end of the blade shaft is connected to the motor, and the other end is connected to the middle of the coupling Drive the blades to rotate; the blade device (including blades) used to generate axial airflow; the guide cylinder and the guide cone are used to guide the flow; the accelerator input shaft device used to connect the planetary gear accelerator, one end of the accelerator input shaft It is connected with the coupling and the other end is connected with the planetary gear accelerator; the planetary gear accelerator device (speed ratio 1:3) is used to accelerate the centrifugal atomization turntable; the safety cover device used to fix the planetary gear accelerator is fixed on the guide In the cylinder; the atomization turntable device for centrifugal atomization; the U-shaped shaft device for fixing the atomization turntable without affecting the liquid inlet; the liquid inlet device for liquid supply, so that the liquid medicine is passed through the outer hose The liquid inlet device is input to the inner wall of the atomization turntable.

The air-assisted centrifugal atomization device for spraying bio-pesticides used in facility gardening is optimized through tests to obtain an atomization turntable whose inner wall is engraved with 150 alveoli with a rectangular cross-section. The purpose of the rectangular gullets is to minimize the kinetic energy loss of the liquid medicine. The angle between the outer wall surface and the horizontal plane is 60°.

The airflow-assisted biological pesticide spraying centrifugal atomization device for facility gardening is provided with a flow regulator outside the liquid inlet pipe. The flow rate of the liquid medicine entering the atomizing turntable is changed by a flow regulator.

The atomization turntable of the airflow-assisted biological pesticide spraying centrifugal atomization device for facility gardening can be replaced, and atomization turntables with different outer diameters (such as 80mm, 100mm, 120mm, etc.) can be used according to different atomization requirements .

The above-mentioned planetary gear accelerator includes a large ring gear, a sun gear, a planet carrier, three planetary gears, three planetary gear shafts, an accelerator input shaft, an accelerator output shaft, two rolling bearings and a housing; the accelerator input shaft is connected The planet carrier inputs power, and the sun gear is connected to the output shaft of the accelerator to output power to the atomizing turntable. The planetary gear accelerator is small in size, light in weight, and has a speed ratio of 1:3, which provides enough rotation speed for the atomizing turntable.

The U-shaped shaft of the airflow-assisted biological pesticide spraying centrifugal atomization device for facility gardening is firmly connected to the atomization turntable without hindering the coaxial liquid inlet.

The liquid inlet device of the above-mentioned air-assisted biological pesticide spraying centrifugal atomization device for facility gardening is a coaxial double-sided liquid inlet device, which not only ensures uniform liquid inlet but also does not affect the fog field of the liquid medicine.

The above-mentioned airflow-assisted biological pesticide spraying centrifugal atomization device for facility gardening is also equipped with a diversion cone 15, and the diversion cone is installed on the inner side of the diversion cylinder and fixed on the outer shell of the planetary gear accelerator 10. The energy loss caused by turbulent air flow is avoided to the greatest extent.

3. Beneficial effects

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) The rotational speed of centrifugal atomization is inversely proportional to the droplet size. The droplet size is the key factor determining the drift and sedimentation of pesticides. To obtain a suitable droplet size, the rotating speed of the turntable must be above 8000n/min. However, the rotation speed of the blade cannot reach 8000n/min. This device adopts a planetary gear acceleration mechanism, so that the atomization turntable of the blade can exceed 8000n/min at the rated speed of 2800n/min, so as to obtain the best atomization effect.

(2) Centrifugal atomization requires very low liquid supply pressure, which can effectively ensure the activity of biological pesticides; air delivery is very important for the effective deposition of droplets on the target position, which can effectively reduce drift and enhance penetration. The device adopts airflow-assisted centrifugal atomization, which can not only achieve a smaller atomization pressure to ensure the activity of biopesticides, but also ensure a larger coverage and better canopy penetration, providing a good spraying effect .

(3) This device adopts a single power device, and the airflow power required to ensure the penetration of the droplets in the crop canopy and the centrifugal force required to promote the rotation of the turntable all come from a DC motor that can be powered by the vehicle power supply, avoiding a lot of complexity Complicated wiring and battery consumption.

(4) The device is small in size (the maximum diameter is 200mm), and the spraying coverage is large (the centrifugal atomization surface exceeds 500mm), which is easy to move and carry, and meets the working needs of facility gardening.

(5) The power device of this device adopts a single-axis output DC motor, and a deflector is installed inside the diversion cylinder, which avoids the energy loss caused by the turbulent flow in the diversion cylinder and enhances the spraying of the droplets. Penetration performance.

(6) The liquid inlet method of this device adopts two-way liquid inlet from the inside, which has a compact structure and a more uniform droplet flow field. When the liquid is fed from one side, the suspension is atomized through one orifice under the action of pressure, and the biopesticide preparation has experienced various physical stresses, and the two-way liquid feeding from the inside effectively relieves the biological agent from being sprayed in one orifice. The pressure reduces the impact on the drastic change of the droplet velocity, the flow field has fewer defects, and the velocity uniformity is good.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the atomizing turntable of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the liquid inlet device of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the planetary gear accelerator of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the U-shaft of the present invention.

In Fig. 1-6: 1—DC motor; 2—blade device; 3—blade shaft; 4—input shaft of accelerator; 5—output shaft of accelerator; 6—U-shaped shaft; 7—motor fixing device; 8—first joint Shaft device; 9—rolling bearing; 10—planetary gear accelerator; 11—safety cover; 12—atomizing turntable; 13—guiding cylinder; 14—liquid inlet device; 15—guiding cone; 16—second coupling Device 10-1—big ring gear; 10-2—planetary gear; 10-3—sun gear.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, patent of the present invention is described further.

Example 1

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the airflow-assisted biological pesticide spraying centrifugal atomization device for facility gardening includes a DC motor 1, a blade device 2, a blade shaft 3, an accelerator input shaft 4, an accelerator output shaft 5, a U Type shaft 6, motor fixing device 7, first coupling 8, rolling bearing 9, planetary gear accelerator 10, safety cover 11, atomizing turntable 12, guide cylinder 13, liquid inlet device 14, guide cone 15, The second coupling 16. Wherein the planetary gear accelerator includes a large ring gear 10-1, a planetary gear 10-2, and a sun gear 10-3. The DC motor 1 not only generates the airflow power required to ensure the penetration of biological pesticides in the crop canopy, but also generates the centrifugal force required to promote the rotation of the turntable. One end of the blade shaft 3 is connected to the DC motor 1 and the other end is connected to the shaft coupling 8 to drive the blade device 2 to rotate. Blade arrangement 2 (5 blades) is used to generate axial flow. The diversion cylinder 13 and the diversion cone 15 play a diversion role to reduce energy loss caused by turbulent flow and mixed flow, and enhance the penetration of biological pesticides in the crop canopy. One end of the accelerator input shaft 4 is connected with the shaft coupling and the other end is connected with the planetary gear accelerator 10 . The planetary gear accelerator 10 provides acceleration with a speed ratio of 1:3 for the atomizing turntable 12 and is fixed on the safety cover 11 to provide the turntable with a rotation speed above 8000n/min. Safety cover 11 is fixed in the guide cylinder. The output shaft 5 of the accelerator is connected with the U-shaped shaft 6 by a second coupling, and the U-shaped shaft 6 fixes the atomizing turntable 12 . The medicinal liquid is input to the inner wall of the atomizing turntable 12 through the outer hose through the liquid inlet device 14 . An external hose mount flow meter is used to regulate the flow.

When the device is working, the DC motor 1 drives the blade shaft 3 to rotate, the blade shaft 3 drives the blade device 2 to rotate and drives the accelerator input shaft 4 to rotate through the coupling 8, and then the accelerator output shaft 5 is output to the U-shaped shaft to drive the atomization The turntable 12 rotates at high speed. At the same time, the biopesticide is input into the atomizing turntable 12 by the liquid inlet device 14 . The rated speed of the DC motor is 2700 rpm, and the high-speed rotating atomization turntable 12 can maintain the rotation speed at 8000 rpm under the action of the planetary gear accelerator 10, so that the biopesticides can be driven along the inner wall of the atomization turntable under the action of strong centrifugal force. The rectangular cogging is thrown out.

The atomizing turntable 12, as shown in Figure 3, is made of engineering plastic ABS, which has the characteristics of light weight and corrosion resistance, and can avoid being corroded by pesticides due to long-term work. There are 150 rectangular alveoli on the inner wall, which ensures that the liquid medicine can be atomized evenly.

Described U-shaped shaft 6 is shown in Figure 6, is inverted U-shaped, and M8 screw thread is arranged at both ends. The diameter of the shaft is 8mm.

The liquid inlet device 14 is shown in FIG. 4 , two holes with a diameter of 1 mm are respectively opened 2 mm away from the ends of the two liquid inlet pipes, and these two holes are the only outlets for the liquid medicine.

The planetary gear accelerator 10, as shown in FIG. 5, includes a large ring gear 10-1, a planetary gear 10-2, and a sun gear 10-3. The transmission speed ratio is 1:3, which realizes the coaxial transmission of power, with small size and high mechanical efficiency.

Example 2

As shown in Figures 1-6, the airflow-assisted bio-pesticide spraying centrifugal atomization device for facility gardening includes components with the same embodiment 1; the DC motor 1 is connected with the blade device through the blade shaft, and the DC The motor 1 is fixed in the guide cylinder 13 through the motor fixing device 7, one end of the blade shaft is connected to the DC motor, and the other end is connected to the first coupling 8, and the blade of the blade device is driven to rotate in the middle, and one end of the accelerator input shaft is connected to the first The coupling is connected, and the other end is connected with the planetary gear accelerator 10, and the planetary gear accelerator 10 is fixed through the safety cover 11, and the safety cover 11 is fixed in the guide cylinder 13; one end of the accelerator output shaft 5 is connected with the planetary gear accelerator 10, and the accelerator output The other end of the shaft 5 is connected to the U-shaped shaft 6 through a second coupling 16 , the U-shaped shaft 6 is fixedly connected to the atomizing turntable 12 , and the liquid inlet device 14 is connected to the inner wall of the atomizing turntable 12 . The DC motor is used as the main power device, which is not only the power to generate airflow but also the power to generate centrifugal force; it is used to connect the DC motor and the blade shaft of the blade device, one end of the blade shaft is connected to the motor, and the other end is connected to the coupling to drive the blade to rotate; The blade device (including blades) used to generate axial airflow; the guide cylinder is used to guide the flow; the accelerator input shaft device used to connect the planetary gear accelerator, one end of the accelerator input shaft is connected to the coupling and the other end is connected to the planetary gear The accelerator is connected; the planetary gear accelerator device (speed ratio 1:3) for accelerating the centrifugal atomization turntable; the safety cover device for fixing the planetary gear accelerator, which is fixed in the guide cylinder; the centrifugal atomization Atomization turntable device; a U-shaft device for fixing the atomization turntable without affecting the liquid inlet; a liquid inlet device for liquid supply, so that the liquid medicine is input to the atomization turntable through the external hose through the liquid inlet device 14 12 inner walls. The atomization turntable has 150 slots with a rectangular cross-section engraved on its inner wall. The purpose of the rectangular gullets is to minimize the kinetic energy loss of the liquid medicine. The angle between the outer wall surface and the horizontal plane is 60°. A flow regulator is arranged outside the liquid inlet pipe. The flow rate of the liquid medicine entering the atomizing turntable is changed by a flow regulator. The atomizing turntable is replaceable, and atomizing turntables with different outer diameters (such as 80mm, 100mm, and 120mm) can be used according to different atomization requirements. Planetary gear accelerator, including a large ring gear, a sun gear, a planet carrier, three planetary gears, three planetary gear shafts, an accelerator input shaft, an accelerator output shaft, two rolling bearings and a housing; the accelerator input shaft connects the planets The rack inputs power, and the sun gear connects the accelerator output shaft to output power to the atomizing turntable. The planetary gear accelerator is small in size, light in weight, and has a speed ratio of 1:3, which provides enough rotation speed for the atomizing turntable. The U-shaped shaft is firmly connected to the atomizing turntable without hindering the coaxial liquid inlet. The liquid inlet device of the atomization device is a coaxial double-sided liquid inlet device, which not only ensures uniform liquid inlet but also does not affect the mist field of the liquid medicine. The atomization device is also equipped with a diversion cone 15. The diversion cover is installed on the inner side of the diversion cylinder, and is fixed on the shell of the planetary gear accelerator 10, and its cone angle is 25° to the horizontal plane. The energy loss caused by turbulent air flow is avoided to the greatest extent.

The above content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope. limits.

Claims (10)

1. An airflow-assisted biological pesticide spraying centrifugal atomization device for facility gardening, which includes a DC motor (1), a blade device (2), a blade shaft (3), an accelerator input shaft (4), and an accelerator output shaft ( 5), U-shaped shaft (6), motor fixing device (7), first coupling (8), planetary gear accelerator (10), safety cover (11), atomizing turntable (12), guide cylinder (13) and liquid inlet device (14); the DC motor (1) is connected with the blade device (2) through the blade shaft (3), and the DC motor (1) is fixedly connected to the guide circle by the motor fixing device (7) In the barrel (13), one end of the blade shaft (3) is connected to the DC motor (1), and the other end is connected to the first coupling (8), and one end of the accelerator input shaft (4) is connected to the first coupling (8) , the other end is connected with the planetary gear accelerator (10), the planetary gear accelerator (10) is fixed by the safety cover (11), and the safety cover (11) is fixed in the guide cylinder (13); one end of the accelerator output shaft (5) is connected to the The planetary gear accelerator (10) is connected, the other end of the accelerator output shaft (5) is connected with the U-shaped shaft (6) through the second coupling (16), and the U-shaped shaft (6) is fixedly connected with the atomizing turntable (12), and the The liquid device (14) is connected to the inner wall of the atomizing turntable (12). 2. The airflow-assisted biological pesticide spraying centrifugal atomization device for facility gardening according to claim 1, characterized in that, a diversion cone (15) is also provided, and the diversion cone (15) is installed on The inner side of the guide cylinder (13) is fixed on the shell of the planetary gear accelerator (10). 3. The air-assisted centrifugal atomization device for spraying biological pesticides for facility gardening according to claim 2, characterized in that the cone angle of the diversion cone (15) is 25° to the horizontal plane. 4. The airflow-assisted biological pesticide spraying centrifugal atomization device for facility gardening according to claim 1, characterized in that, the atomization turntable (12) has 150 cross-sections engraved on its inner wall. Rectangular alveolar, the angle between the outer wall surface and the horizontal plane is 60°. 5. according to any one of claim 1-4, the airflow-assisted bio-pesticide spraying centrifugal atomization device for facility gardening is characterized in that, the speed ratio of the planetary gear accelerator (10) is 1: 3. 6 . The air-assisted centrifugal atomization device for spraying biological pesticides for facility gardening according to claim 1 , wherein a flow regulator is arranged outside the liquid inlet pipe of the liquid inlet device ( 14 ). 7. The airflow-assisted centrifugal atomization device for spraying biological pesticides for facility gardening according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid inlet device (14) is a coaxial double-sided liquid inlet device. 8. The air-assisted centrifugal atomization device for spraying biological pesticides for facility gardening according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer diameter of the atomization turntable (12) is 80mm-120mm. 9. The airflow-assisted biological pesticide spraying centrifugal atomization device for facility gardening according to claim 1, characterized in that the atomization turntable (12) is made of engineering plastic ABS. 10. The airflow-assisted biological pesticide spraying centrifugal atomization device for facility gardening according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade device (2) comprises 5 blades.