CN105406979A - Improved three-dimensional model network transmission method - Google Patents
Improved three-dimensional model network transmission method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/14—Network analysis or design
- H04L41/145—Network analysis or design involving simulating, designing, planning or modelling of a network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/12—Discovery or management of network topologies
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/14—Network analysis or design
- H04L41/147—Network analysis or design for predicting network behaviour
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Abstract
The invention provides an improved three-dimensional model network transmission method, and belongs to the technical field of networks. According to the improved three-dimensional model network transmission method, the network transmission mode of a three-dimensional mode is improved according to typology structure information, and packet loss and wrong sequence of a UDP channel for the reconstruction of a client model are reduced with the combination of a CPM simplification algorithm. The method includes steps: a typology layer T and a vertex packet PV, a one-dimensional index of the typology layer and a two-dimensional index of the vertex packet, and the processing of packet loss data. According to the method, topology information is improved based on a conventional TCP/UDP frame, the index mechanism of the topology layer and the vertex packet is introduced to guarantee the correctness of data transmission and reduce the waiting time of the client, and a mesh model is further corrected by employing a retransmission mechanism. Firstly, CPM decomposition of the three-dimensional model is performed at a server terminal, then decomposed data is sent to the network channel for transmission, and finally, the client receives each topology layer and related information and reconstructs the three-dimensional model.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to networking technology area.
Background technology
Transmission Control Protocol adopts congestion avoidance algorithm to realize transmitting, and when client is not fed back, server is thought congested in network and sharply reduced data transmission rate; Its for ensure transmission success and arrange School Affairs mechanism in client, data are tested, will again to the same data of server request when data transmission fault.These characteristics of TCP make when channel packet loss is very high, transmitted error rate height time can produce very serious delay.Fig. 1 be utilize ns-2 tool detection to TCP channel in packet loss and postpone between relation, packet loss is more serious, then time of delay is longer.
Udp protocol is then without the need to the feedback information of client, and also without the need to verifying the data received, thus its response speed is very fast, and efficiency of transmission is higher, is more applied in the higher system of requirement of real-time.But these characteristics make the transmission of UDP not have TCP reliable like that, packet loss can be produced or receive the situations such as wrong order, the whole Successful transmissions of all data of client-requested cannot be ensured.
For reaching the balance between transmission speed and transmission quality, many scholars propose to adopt the mode that combines of TCP and UDP to transmit threedimensional model: model simplification is decomposed in the basic grid of rear generation, geological information and topological structure to grid, topological structure is even more important compared with geological information, and the dislocation of a bit will cause model to reconstruct; Basic grid is the basis of client Reconstruction of three-dimensional model, also needs to be transmitted by Reliability Channel.The data stream packets that therefore must utilize Transmission Control Protocol to transmit contains topology information and the basic grid information of model.And much more relatively data volume geological information allows certain error to exist, can be transmitted by UDP.
Transmitting in the improvement of framework for TCP/UDP, forefathers are studied mainly for the hop of geological information, and the vertex data comprised in the sublayer coding distinguishing importance degree as introduced, the UDP subpackage to loss is predicted etc.But in these transmission modes improved, receiving terminal all just starts to be reconstructed threedimensional model after receiving basic grid and topological structure completely, adds somewhat to the delay of Internet Transmission.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to be improved for the Internet Transmission pattern of topology information to threedimensional model, is to reduce in UDP channel packet loss and incorrect order to the threedimensional model network transfer method of the improvement that client models reconstructs in conjunction with CPM shortcut calculation.
Step of the present invention is:
1. topological layer
twrap with summit
p v : foundation CPM simplification step defines an edge contraction or vertex split is operating as a topological layer
t, each topological layer
tthe all summits related to are a summit bag
p v ;
2. topological layer one dimension index and summit bag 2-d index: at every turn transmit a topological layer
t, transmit its related top bag immediately
p v , introduce Indexing Mechanism and index carried out to topological layer and summit bag, for each topological layer in TCP channel, utilize one dimension index to encode to it, be designated as
t i ; For each summit bag in UDP channel, 2-d index is utilized to encode to it, be designated as (
p vi ,
pack j );
3. the process of packet loss data: adopt vertex estimation algorithm to predict the vertex position lost, continuation retransmission mechanism is revised data.
CPM of the present invention simplifies step: CPM adopts edge contraction and vertex split operation to realize simplification and the reconstruction of grid, at server end, first threedimensional model is simplified, atom operation is stacked as with edge break, original mesh is reduced to the basic grid the simplest, resolution is minimum, and by the operating sequence on its summit and edge contraction journal in operation queue; What carry out in client is reconstruct to threedimensional model, and basic grid is redeveloped into archetype according to the inverse process of simplification order by client, and the fine degree of threedimensional model improves gradually;
If
for original mesh,
be
ithe grid obtained after secondary edge contraction operation,
for
kthe object grid obtained after secondary edge contraction, model resolution from
extremely
reduce successively, use
ecolrepresent edge contraction operation,
vsplitrepresent vertex split operation,
Wherein, the simplification process of server:
The process of reconstruction of client:
。
The number of plies of determination topological structure of the present invention
t, first should determine the basic grid resolution of lattice simplified final result, basic grid is the model being transferred to client at first, and therefore its number of vertex should be the least possible to reduce data transmission period.
When pretreatment stage server of the present invention carries out CPM decomposition to model, each operation all reduces 5% of archetype triangle number, and when basic grid triangle number
namely stop the simplification to model afterwards, record number of operations now, is topological layer
tvalue.
Receiving terminal of the present invention checks its index, for each after receiving new summit bag at every turn
pack j , when
p vi =T i time be correct corresponding topological layer summit bag, therefore client reconstruct time, topology information is
t i , geological information be (
p vi ,
pack x ).
The 2-d index mechanism of summit of the present invention bag make client according to coordinate (
p vi ,
pack j ) navigate to the packet of loss.
The present invention is mainly improved for topology information based on conventional TCP/UDP framework, introduce to the Indexing Mechanism of topological layer and summit bag to guarantee transfer of data correctness, shorten the client stand-by period, and have employed retransmission mechanism grid model revised further.First carry out CPM decomposition at server end to threedimensional model, then data after decomposition are sent into network channel and transmit, last client is rebuild threedimensional model after receiving each topological layer and relevant information.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be utilize ns-2 tool detection to TCP channel in packet loss and postpone between relation;
Fig. 2 is conventional TCP/UDP mixed transport framework;
Fig. 3 is each model simplification to effect when being less than 300 summits and data volume;
Fig. 4 is topological layer one dimension index and summit bag 2-d index;
Fig. 5 is the progressive transmission of three-dimensional grid model;
Fig. 6 is the three-dimensional model transmitting flow process improved;
Fig. 7 be car model reconstructed error and time of delay relation;
Fig. 8 be helicopter model reconstructed error and time of delay relation;
Fig. 9 is that car model calls first and to call model error after client reconstruct with secondary;
Figure 10 is that helicopter model calls first and to call model error after client reconstruct with secondary.
Embodiment
The present invention is directed to the Internet Transmission pattern of topology information to threedimensional model to be improved, in conjunction with CPM shortcut calculation, layering is carried out to topological structure, and by the summit associated corresponding to each layer operation order, become summit bag.TCP channel often transmits a topological hierarchy, and UDP channel just transmits the summit bag of its correspondence; For reducing the impact that in UDP channel, packet loss and incorrect order reconstruct client models, adopting the method in document to be predicted the summit of losing in UDP channel, and marking the position of packet loss, finally adopt when network idle retransmission mechanism to be revised prediction summit.Improve one's methods and can make that the Internet Transmission of the grid reconstruction of client and three-dimensional data stream is concurrent to carry out, the quality that display delay also can improve model can be reduced.The steps include:
1. topological layer
twrap with summit
p v : foundation CPM simplification step defines an edge contraction or vertex split is operating as a topological layer
t, each topological layer
tthe all summits related to are a summit bag
p v .
2. topological layer one dimension index and summit bag 2-d index: at every turn transmit a topological layer
t, transmit its related top bag immediately
p v , in conventional TCP/UDP framework, topological structure utilizes TCP transmission, and vertex information utilizes UDP to transmit, and after topological structure is all transmitted, client starts the reconstruct to grid model.The transmission mechanism of topological structure and geological information is improved by the present invention, each transmission topological layer
t, transmit its related top bag immediately
p v , such client can be reconstructed grid after receiving first topological layer, decreases the stand-by period of client, accelerates the models show of client.
Can think that the error rate is extremely low in current optical fiber earth mat, not consider the error code in each pack in UDP transmission herein.Therefore wrap in the process associated on above topology layer and summit that there will be two kinds of situations:
(1)
p v transmission sequence make mistakes;
(2)
p v packet loss.
For the impact that minimizing UDP transmission incorrect order and packet loss reconstruct client mesh, the present invention introduces Indexing Mechanism and carries out index to topological layer and summit bag, for each topological layer in TCP channel, utilizes one dimension index to encode to it, is designated as
t i ; For each summit bag in UDP channel, 2-d index is utilized to encode to it, be designated as (
p vi ,
pack j ); Fig. 4 describes this Indexing Mechanism.
3. the process of packet loss data: for the UDPpack lost, when client is at real-time rendering, the present invention adopts vertex estimation algorithm to predict the vertex position lost, but vertex estimation can not eliminate the distortion produced because of packet loss in mesh reconstruction process completely, therefore the present invention adopts retransmission mechanism to revise data further.
CPM of the present invention simplifies step: CPM adopts edge contraction and vertex split operation to realize simplification and the reconstruction of grid, at server end, first threedimensional model is simplified, atom operation is stacked as with edge break, original mesh is reduced to the basic grid the simplest, resolution is minimum, and by the operating sequence on its summit and edge contraction journal in operation queue; What carry out in client is reconstruct to threedimensional model, and basic grid is redeveloped into archetype according to the inverse process of simplification order by client, and the fine degree of threedimensional model improves gradually;
If
for original mesh,
be
ithe grid obtained after secondary edge contraction operation,
for
kthe object grid obtained after secondary edge contraction, model resolution from
extremely
reduce successively, use
ecolrepresent edge contraction operation,
vsplitrepresent vertex split operation,
Wherein, the simplification process of server:
The process of reconstruction of client:
。
The number of plies of determination topological structure of the present invention
t, first should determine the basic grid resolution of lattice simplified final result, basic grid is the model being transferred to client at first, and therefore its number of vertex should be the least possible to reduce data transmission period.Carried out to multiple model the simplification that curvature weighting QEM algorithm combines with Progressive Mesh to test, experimental data relates to the threedimensional model from 870,000 leg-of-mutton Dragon models to multiple different scales data volumes such as 5804 leg-of-mutton Cow models.Experiment finds, basic grid number of vertex is arranged on [200,300] interval in time, substantially can ensure that the profile of model can be distinguished, and number of vertex enough less, file data amount is enough little, meets the requirement (as Fig. 3) of basic grid.
When pretreatment stage server of the present invention carries out CPM decomposition to model, each operation all reduces 5% of archetype triangle number, and when basic grid triangle number
namely stop the simplification to model afterwards, record number of operations now, is topological layer
tvalue.
tpractical significance be: pass through
tafter step simplifies, original mesh becomes basic grid
.Summit bag data are all apex coordinate lists that single stepping relates to, and topological layer data are the summit of this step operation and the annexation of surrounding vertex.
Receiving terminal of the present invention checks its index, for each after receiving new summit bag at every turn
pack j , when
p vi =T i time be correct corresponding topological layer summit bag, therefore client reconstruct time, topology information is
t i , geological information be (
p vi ,
pack x ).The vertex information that Indexing Mechanism makes topological structure corresponding with it correctly associates, and user is received after first summit is wrapped and namely starts to carry out the reconstruct to grid.Along with the continuous transmission of backstage three-dimensional data bag, client can be played up on foreground in real time, achieve foreground and background data transmission with show synchronous, greatly improve the real-time of threedimensional model Internet Transmission.
The 2-d index mechanism of summit of the present invention bag make client according to coordinate (
p vi ,
pack j ) navigate to the packet of loss.When network idle, client sends request to server again.Because now client terminates calling of model, the requirement of real-time of display reduces, the apex coordinate that this pack comprises can be sent to client with Transmission Control Protocol by server after receiving request, ensures the Successful transmissions of these data, revises the error that vertex estimation produces further.
contrast experiment:
At the pretreatment stage of experimental data, adopt CPM to carry out simplification to car model and helicopter model herein and decompose.Before preliminary treatment, data are as shown in table 1:
Model data before table 1 preliminary treatment
After CPM decomposes, data are as shown in table 2:
Model data after table 2 pretreatment stage CPM simplifies
Following Internet Transmission experiment utilizes ns-2 analog network environment, network utilization 50%, bandwidth 5M, network channel packet loss 1%.
concurrent transmission under Indexing Mechanism and display:
Fig. 7, Fig. 8 be car model and helicopter model Internet Transmission time client stand-by period and the relation of model reconstruction error.In figure, abscissa is the Hausdorff distance value of reconstruction model and archetype, and ordinate is client models displaying time, in units of millisecond.
In figures 7 and 8, the time of delay of client experience when the basic grid that experimental data first point is model has been played up.Can see, after the call request of client to model sends, under identical network environment car model basic grid after 21ms, helicopter model basic grid starts display after 17.6ms, improving framework and conventional architectures does not have difference substantially; When the grid model Hausdorff distance of client starts to decline (along abscissa direction), represent that client mesh starts reconstruct, approach original three-dimensional model gradually.At this moment can see that improving framework has obvious advantage: the time of delay that under improvement framework, car model starts needed for reconstruct is only 23.5ms, and conventional architectures needs 36ms; Helicopter model time of delay is 19ms, and conventional method needs 28ms.
Along with the continuous transmission of topological layer and respective vertices bag, reconstructed error and the used time of client models are close
y=kxproportional relation.The delay produced in this transmitting procedure mainly comes from the Handshake Protocol of transmitting in TCP channel, if channel occurs congested, and curve
y=kxslope k will increase.The present invention specifies the network channel heavy congestion when basic grid transmission delay is greater than 500ms, the feedback that server will be abandoned this request.And when network delay is in tolerance interval, improve one's methods and make the display of client almost synchronous with the transmission of data, improve the real-time display effect of client to a certain extent: when client only need call the model of low-level, utilize and improve one's methods and greatly can shorten delay; When client needs to call most refined model, procedure for displaying from basic grid to refined model can not produce excessive saltus step, but because method of the present invention is not compressed further to the data of model, therefore the time that model is transmitted completely is close to identical with traditional algorithm, just different from congestion situation according to the delay of network during transmission and slightly difference.
retransmission mechanism improves model accuracy:
Fig. 9, Figure 10 are that client is called and the error curve adopting retransmission mechanism also to call rear reconstruction model for the second time car model and helicopter model first time.In figure, abscissa is the topological layer sum that client receives, and ordinate is the Hausdorff distance value of reconstruct rear mold type and archetype.
Due to the existence of packet loss, after Internet Transmission and reconstruct, Hausdorff distance has obvious increase, especially when client is called model first, the loss that the unreliable transmission of UDP channel causes multiple summit to wrap, although utilize prediction algorithm can reduce the impact of packet loss, but still have certain error to exist.When the grid reconstruction of model proceeds to 20% time (4 topological layer and summit bag thereof are transmitted), car model error has increased to 6.655025 Fig. 9 from 6.654025, and helicopter model error increases to 17.4462 Figure 10 from 17.441169.After adopting retransmission mechanism, this error amount all has decline to a certain degree, has been reduced to 6.655012(automobile respectively) and 17.4439(helicopter).This is that network channel is in idle condition, and user end to server sends the UDP message bag lost in last invoked procedure, and the mode with TCP returns by server again due to after terminating when client to call.When client to this model carry out second time call time, the grid data in buffer memory is more complete, and thus model accuracy of its reconstruct is higher, and first time reduces when calling error to some extent relatively.
The data volume of threedimensional model is large, complex structure, all can be delayed when Internet Transmission and display.The delay issue that the present invention is directed to Internet Transmission is studied.The CPM algorithm in continuous LOD is utilized to carry out simplification Sum decomposition to grid; The different piece of the mode utilizing TCP/UDP to combine to threedimensional model is transmitted respectively.For improving the speed of client display model, the present invention is by further for topological structure layering, introduce the one dimension index of topological layer and the 2-d index mechanism of geometry summit bag, topological structure is associated with corresponding vertex information, make client can start to be reconstructed model after receiving first group of information, shorten the stand-by period of client.For the packet loss problem in UDP channel, the present invention adopts vertex estimation method when client real-time rendering, adopts retransmission mechanism to reduce the distortion of client mesh reconstruct further when client is idle.The transmission mechanism improved all has some improvement in the delay and distortion of threedimensional model Internet Transmission.
Claims (6)
1. the threedimensional model network transfer method improved, is characterized in that: the steps include:
1. topological layer
twrap with summit
p v : foundation CPM simplification step defines an edge contraction or vertex split is operating as a topological layer
t, each topological layer
tthe all summits related to are a summit bag
p v ;
2. topological layer one dimension index and summit bag 2-d index: at every turn transmit a topological layer
t, transmit its related top bag immediately
p v , introduce Indexing Mechanism and index carried out to topological layer and summit bag, for each topological layer in TCP channel, utilize one dimension index to encode to it, be designated as
t i ; For each summit bag in UDP channel, 2-d index is utilized to encode to it, be designated as (
p vi ,
pack j );
3. the process of packet loss data: adopt vertex estimation algorithm to predict the vertex position lost, continuation retransmission mechanism is revised data.
2. the threedimensional model network transfer method of improvement according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: CPM simplifies step and is: CPM adopts edge contraction and vertex split operation to realize simplification and the reconstruction of grid, at server end, first threedimensional model is simplified, atom operation is stacked as with edge break, original mesh is reduced to the basic grid the simplest, resolution is minimum, and by the operating sequence on its summit and edge contraction journal in operation queue; What carry out in client is reconstruct to threedimensional model, and basic grid is redeveloped into archetype according to the inverse process of simplification order by client, and the fine degree of threedimensional model improves gradually;
If
for original mesh,
be
ithe grid obtained after secondary edge contraction operation,
for
kthe object grid obtained after secondary edge contraction, model resolution from
extremely
reduce successively, use
ecolrepresent edge contraction operation,
vsplitrepresent vertex split operation,
Wherein, the simplification process of server:
The process of reconstruction of client:
。
3. the threedimensional model network transfer method of improvement according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the number of plies determining topological structure
t, first should determine the basic grid resolution of lattice simplified final result, basic grid is the model being transferred to client at first, and therefore its number of vertex should be the least possible to reduce data transmission period.
4. the threedimensional model network transfer method of the improvement according to claim 1 or 3, is characterized in that: when pretreatment stage server carries out CPM decomposition to model, and each operation all reduces 5% of archetype triangle number, and when basic grid triangle number
namely stop the simplification to model afterwards, record number of operations now, is topological layer
tvalue.
5. the threedimensional model network transfer method of improvement according to claim 1, is characterized in that: receiving terminal checks its index, for each after receiving new summit bag at every turn
pack j , when
p vi =T i time be correct corresponding topological layer summit bag, therefore client reconstruct time, topology information is
t i , geological information be (
p vi ,
pack x ).
6. the threedimensional model network transfer method of improvement according to claim 1, is characterized in that: summit bag 2-d index mechanism make client according to coordinate (
p vi ,
pack j ) navigate to the packet of loss.
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