CN1053277C - Method for detecting short-circuit fault current path and indicator - Google Patents
Method for detecting short-circuit fault current path and indicator Download PDFInfo
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- CN1053277C CN1053277C CN 95108848 CN95108848A CN1053277C CN 1053277 C CN1053277 C CN 1053277C CN 95108848 CN95108848 CN 95108848 CN 95108848 A CN95108848 A CN 95108848A CN 1053277 C CN1053277 C CN 1053277C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a method for detecting current paths having short circuit faults and a fault indicator thereof. In the method of the present invention, faults are judged by detecting current changing rate (deltaI/t>K), and the time delta T that current is reduced to zero satisfies t1<=delta T<=t2. Additionally, the present invention designs the fault indicator for executing the detection method, which gives out signals to drive an indicating body through a switching circuit (2), a heavy-current jumping testing circuit (3), a power failure detecting circuit (5) and a distinguishing circuit for pulse width and faults. The detection method of the present invention can accurately distinguish faults without false actions, and the fault indicator designed according to the method has the advantages of convenient use and wide prospects.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of detection method of short-circuit fault current path, and a kind of fault detector of indicating short-circuit fault current path that designs in view of the above.
When searching the line of electric force short circuit trouble point, want earlier localization of faults place branch line, seek short circuit trouble point along this line then.Existingly be used to indicate the indicator of fault current path based on the overcurrent method.The method of overcurrent method failure judgement is: when the electric current of circuit greater than a preset value I
sAfter, promptly think short trouble.The feature of overcurrent method is the load current of the maximum of the working value set of requirement during greater than normal operation, less than minimum short-circuit current.Referring to Fig. 1, I
sBe the action threshold value of setting, I
lBe load current, and I
lValue always less than I
sFig. 2 is that the somewhere is short-circuited after the fault, and short-circuit current surpasses setting value I
sBut when the Operation of Electric Systems situation changed, circuit institute on-load may increase a lot than the initial stage, was I ' as increasing
lLoad curve, at this moment just may need setting value I
sTo I
s', otherwise when normally moving, I '
lJust surpass I
s, make its misoperation.And fault detector will change setting value in normal course of operation is very difficult, is impossible sometimes.Even can be with I
sIncrease to I
s', if but minimum short-circuit current does not change I during short trouble then
sMight be less than I
s', as shown in Figure 2, will make fault detector like this, be failure to actuate.Run into this situation fault detector and just cannot on this circuit, install, limited its use greatly.In addition, in order to satisfy the needs of different user, manufacturer has to produce the indicator of various current setting value class, can increase the stock of producer, raises the cost.So, the shortcoming that the method and the indicator thereof with overcurrent method failure judgement of prior art exists normal load electric current and the bad differentiation of overload electric current, production and use inconvenience.
The purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of influenced by running status very little, effectively the detection method and the fault detector thereof of short-circuit fault current path.
When electric system is short-circuited fault; a variation characteristic of line current is; electric current has a positive saltus step; another feature is; in the very short time interval after the fault that is short-circuited; circuit is under protective relaying device control, and line current drops to zero thereby fault current can be gone out the cut-out of isolating switch.The invention provides a kind of current break method that detects short-circuit fault current path is:
(A) the current changing rate Δ I/ Δ t＞K of detection electric current direct mutation;
(B) detect the power down electric current and drop to zero time Δ T;
(C) whether judgement time Δ T satisfies: Δ T≤t
2
(D) whether judgement time Δ T satisfies: Δ T 〉=t
1
(E) provide fault-signal.
Wherein, t
1It is the shortest time of isolating switch excision fault; t
2It is the maximum duration of isolating switch excision fault.
The fault detect indicator of using the realization of said mutation method has the I/v change-over circuit, finishes the conversion of alternating current to DC voltage; Big current-jump testing circuit is carried out the detection of the short circuit mutation current that the I/v change-over circuit is come, and it can make response to the minimum short-circuit current sudden change that circuit may occur; Power-fail detection circuit falls zero to line outage, electric current and detects; Pulse width and fault distinguishing circuit be according to the pulse signal of receiving big current-jump testing circuit and power-fail detection circuit, and the electric current direct mutation after the detection line short circuit is to the pulse width of falling zero, and have only pulse width Δ T to satisfy t
1≤ Δ T≤t
2The time make response, when this judging circuit judges that circuit has fault, provide trigger pip and trigger the fault detector action, start timing circuit execution/return simultaneously and drive and executive circuit.
The step of the current break method of above-mentioned detection short-circuit fault current path of the present invention can correct decision normal load electric current and overload electric current.The fault detector that the method according to this invention is implemented does not have misoperation and takes place, and can satisfy the indicator demand of different user to exercises value class, and is therefore easy to use, and producer does not need the product of production exercises value class yet simultaneously, so cost is low.
Fig. 1 is the overcurrent method synoptic diagram of the detection short-circuit fault current path of prior art;
When Fig. 2 is the operation conditions variation, the synoptic diagram that the overcurrent method may be judged by accident.
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of explanation current break method of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic block circuit diagram by current break method detection failure.
Fig. 5 is the short trouble indicator of one embodiment of the present of invention.
With reference to the accompanying drawings, describe technology contents of the present invention in detail.
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of explanation current break method of the present invention.During the line short fault, a variation characteristic of electric current is in the circuit: electric current has a positive saltus step, as shown in Figure 3.Another feature is: in the very short time interval after the fault that is short-circuited, circuit is under protective relaying device control, and fault current can be gone out the excision of isolating switch, thereby line current drops to zero.
The present invention utilizes this two features just, proposes an effective fault detection method:
(A) the current changing rate Δ I/ Δ t＞K of detection electric current direct mutation;
(B) detect the power down electric current and drop to zero time Δ T;
(C) whether judgement time Δ T satisfies: Δ T≤t
2
(D) whether judgement time Δ T satisfies: Δ T 〉=t
1
(E) provide fault-signal.
Wherein, K is a predetermined current rate of change constant.t
1Be the shortest time of isolating switch excision fault, and t
2It is the maximum duration of isolating switch excision fault.When satisfying above-mentioned condition (A), (B), (C), when circuit can not be unloaded, be judged to short trouble.When satisfying above-mentioned condition (A)-(D), all should be judged to short trouble.
When using above-mentioned criterion, the shortcoming of overcurrent method can be overcome.When line construction changed, though the circuit running current can be increased to high level, method of the present invention was to be criterion with the current changing rate, so can not cause erroneous judgement.The load switching is arranged in circuit, when causing load fluctuation, also may satisfy the condition (A) of direct mutation, electric current drops to zero condition (B) so also can not judge by accident in the Δ T time but can not satisfy.When unloaded transformer was closed in the circuit zero load, though big excitation surge current can satisfy condition (A), after the excitation surge current, line current was also reduced to and is approached zero simultaneously, and excitation surge current is held time very short, its value＜t
1, still not satisfying above-mentioned condition (D), therefore still can not judge by accident.After circuit drops into a big load, after a period of time, the artificial power failure, condition (A) can satisfy, but this mutational load is held time＞t
2, condition (C) does not still satisfy, so can not judge by accident yet.Have only when circuit is short-circuited fault, satisfy the condition (A) of its electric current direct mutation Δ I/ Δ t＞K, drop on (t the actuation time of protective relaying device after the line fault
1-t
2) between, and electric current drops to zero, promptly satisfy condition (B), (C), (D).So the fault of being judged to triggers the fault detector action, provides fault-signal.
Fig. 4 is the schematic block circuit diagram by current break method detection failure, and L is the induction by current coil among the figure, with its induction line electric current.I/v change-over circuit 2 is finished the conversion of alternating current to DC voltage, can adopt modes such as half-wave, all-wave or voltage multiplying rectifier.The detection that big current-jump testing circuit 3 is realized the short circuit mutation current, it must make response to the minimum short-circuit current sudden change that circuit may go out.Power-fail detection circuit 5 pairs of line outages, electric currents fall zero and detect, and this circuit must be made quick response after line outage.Electric current direct mutation after pulse width detection and the 4 detection line short circuits of fault distinguishing circuit is to the pulse width of falling zero.It must guarantee also only at pulse width t
1≤ Δ T≤t
2The time make response.Provide trigger pip when this judging circuit differentiation circuit has fault, trigger action indication loop 6 provides the fault-signal indication, starts electronic timing circuit 7 simultaneously.Electronic timing circuit 7 is finished the time-delay from fault to automatic involution, and after predefined timing arrived, timing circuit provided reset signal triggering indication loop and returns to normal, and makes the timing circuit involution simultaneously.Trigger actuation indicator when the driving circuit 6 that moves/return is finished fault and provide the fault-signal indication, come then, trigger actuation indicator and reset at the time-delay reset signal.Power circuit 8 provides power supply for above-mentioned control circuit.When the circuit working current is big, utilize the energy of power circuit, when less or circuit is unloaded at the circuit running current, utilize standby power supply (as battery) power supply.
Fig. 5 is the short trouble indicator of one embodiment of the present of invention, and it can provide the signal indication when power circuit breaks down, and behind the time-delay certain hour, indication automatically resets.L1, D1, D2, C1, C2 form I/v translation circuit 2, and sensor current signal is carried out voltage multiplying rectifier.D3, C3, R2, C4, R3, U1, R4, C5 constitute big electric current direct mutation and detect 3.Under the normal condition, R3 two ends no-voltage, U1 (open collector phase inverter or NPN triode) exports high level.When line current suddenlyd change, C4 two ends level can not suddenly change, and U1 input high level, C5 are discharged to low level (thereby output low level).By C8 and R7 series connection, Z1 and R8 parallel connection and Z1 positive ending grounding, the node of R7, R8 and Z1 meets U7, and the output of U7 is through the anti-phase output of U8, and the output terminal of U7 by R9 to VCC with meet C9 and form circuit power-fail detection circuit 5 to ground.Normal operation, when circuit had electricity, U7 obtained the input square wave of power frequency period, periodically conducting of U7 (output of current collection level open circuit, phase inverter or NPN triode).Suitably select the value of R9, C9 to make C9 two ends perseverance be low level, U8 exports high level.After the circuit dead electricity, U7 is input as low, and time-delay T0 (by R9, C9 decision) back U8 input is high, it is low to be output as.The node that meets R5, R5 and C6 by the output of U2 connects the input end of U3, and the U8 output terminal of another termination power-fail detection circuit 5 and the input end of U5, the output of U3 connects the R end of U4, C7 and R6 node connect the S end of U4, C7 other end ground connection, the Q output of U4 connects the input end of U5, and the output of U5 meets U6 and forms pulse width detection and fault distinguishing circuit 4.U2 output is low during normal operation, and the C6 two ends are low, and U3 output is high, U4 output is high, U5 output is low, U6 export height.After electric current generation direct mutation, U2 exports high level, C6 charging, an input end time-delay of U3 t
1Obtain high level.Suitably select R5, C6 to make T1=T0+t
1, like this after circuit sudden change, trouble duration Δ T has Δ T+T0 less than T1 during less than t1, i.e. and the input of U3 can not be high simultaneously, exports so U3 keeps high level.This judging circuit does not have response.When trouble duration Δ T＞t1, Δ T+T0＞T1 (t1+T0), when two ends of U3 when C6 obtains high level, U8 output high level is step-down not as yet.U3 obtains the overall height input, is output as lowly, triggers the monostable circuit of U4, the low pulse of output, and pulse width T 2 is determined by R6, C7.Suitably select the parameter of R6, C7, make T2=t
2+ T0-T1.Work as trouble duration Δ T like this greater than t
2The time, Δ T+T0＞T1+T2, that is: the monostable low level of U4 reverts to when high, and U8 is step-down not as yet, so this judging circuit still has response output.As trouble duration Δ T＜t
2, Δ T+T0＜T1+T2, the input of U5 is low simultaneously, is output as height.After U6 is anti-phase, be output as low.Provided effective trigger signals.The driving circuit 6 that D5, R13, C12, R14, R15, T1, T2, R16, R17, T3, T4, SCR1, SCR2 and L2 form action and return makes L2 obtain opposite current signal when moving and returning.
C12 is through D5, R13 charging energy storage under the normal condition, and bridge circuit T1, T2, SCR1 and T3, T4, SCR2 all are in cut-off state, the L2 no current.When U6 is output as when low, T1, T2 conducting drive the SCR2 conducting simultaneously.Capacitor C 12 is by T2, L2, SCR2 discharge.L2 obtains to flow to from a the electric current of b.It can actuation indicator be in operating state.When the R16 place obtained low level, T3 and T4 conducting drove SCR1 conducting, electric capacity simultaneously by T3, L2, SCR1 discharge.L2 obtains to flow to from b the electric current of a, it again actuation indicator revert to the normality indication.
U9, C10, R10, U10, R18, U11 and R11 thereof, C11, R12 form timing circuit 7, and under the normal condition, the Q of U9 is low, the U of U11
DDDo not have, U10 is input as low, is output as height, when judging circuit is judged to circuit when fault is arranged, U6 is output as low, bistable trigger U9S end obtains effective low level, and its Q is output as height, picks up counting after the timer U11 initialization, the RC oscillator that the fundamental clock source of U11 can be made up of R11, C11, R12, (or crystal oscillator) also can come the power frequency 50HZ clock of self-induction current after shaping, and U11 can form with counters such as 4060,4541 or 4060.After timing arrives, Q end output high level, after U10 is anti-phase, output low level, its one side trigger action/return driving circuit 6 makes it carry out reset operation, on the other hand, behind time-delay T3 (by C10, R10 decision), U9 is resetted, its Q end output low level.After the U11 dead electricity, stop counting, its Q end no-output.Entire circuit reverts to normality.
D4, R1, Z2, C13, D6, E1 form the power supply of above-mentioned control circuit among Fig. 5.When running current in the power circuit is big, utilize the level V+ of its induction current behind voltage multiplying rectifier to charge to C13 through D4, R1, the Z2 voltage stabilizing is as the working power of control circuit, when the circuit running current is less or unloaded, utilize standby power supply E1 to power to control circuit through D6.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of detection method of short-circuit fault current path, it comprises the following steps:
(A) the current changing rate Δ I/t＞K of the direct mutation of detection current path;
(B) detect power down, the electric current after the detection line short circuit is just prominent to begin to electric current
Reduce to the time Δ T of zero pulse width;
(C) whether judgement time Δ T satisfies Δ T≤t
2, said t
2Be that isolating switch is cut
Remove the maximum duration of fault;
(E) provide fault-signal.
2, according to the detection method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: whether execution in step (D) judgement time Δ T is satisfied afterwards in step (C): Δ T 〉=t
1, said t
1It is the shortest time of isolating switch excision fault.
3, a kind of accident indicator of detection method of enforcement of rights requirement 1 mainly comprises card line mechanism, logic discrimination and control circuit and indicator, and it is characterized in that: said logic discrimination and control circuit are provided with:
An I/V change-over circuit (2) converts the induction current of current path to DC voltage;
A current-jump testing circuit (3) is made response to the short circuit mutation current, the signal of output Δ I/ Δ t＞K;
A power-fail detection circuit (5), the electric current that detects current path falls zero;
Pulse width and fault distinguishing circuit (4) compare differentiation to the detection output signal from said current-jump testing circuit (3) and said power-fail detection circuit (5), when differentiating for fault, provide the drive signal of actuation indicator.
4, according to the accident indicator of claim 3, it is characterized in that: said indicator also has action of being made up of bridge circuit and the driving circuit (6) that returns.
5, according to the accident indicator of claim 3, it is characterized in that: said indicator also has timing circuit, after timing arrives, removes trigger action and returns driving circuit (6) to carry out reset operation, and make entire circuit revert to normality.
6, according to the accident indicator of claim 2, it is characterized in that: power supply (8) is to obtain electric energy by I/V change-over circuit (2), or utilizes power supply E1 to power to logic discrimination and control circuit through diode D6.
7, according to the accident indicator of claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that: said action and returning drives and executive circuit (6) utilizes C12 through diode D5 and resistance R 13 charging energy storage, as action or return main energy.
8, according to the accident indicator of claim 3, it is characterized in that: said action and the executive circuit L2 that returns in the driving executive circuit (6) are solenoid, relay or photoemissive device.
9, according to the accident indicator of claim 2, it is characterized in that: said pulse width and fault distinguishing circuit (4) are the output connecting resistance R5 by phase inverter U2, the node of resistance R 5 and capacitor C 6 connects the input end of Sheffer stroke gate U3, its another input end then connects the output terminal of phase inverter U8 of power-fail detection circuit (5) and the input end of rejection gate U5, the R end of the output order steady state trigger U4 of Sheffer stroke gate U3, capacitor C 7 negativing ending groundings, the node of itself and resistance R 6 connects the S end, and the output of Q terminating resistor R6 and rejection gate U5 meets phase inverter U6 and forms.
10, according to the accident indicator of claim 2, it is characterized in that: said power-fail detection circuit (5) is by capacitor C 8, with resistance R 7 series connection, and resistance R 7 connects stabilivolt Z1, resistance R 8 and the phase inverter U7 input end of positive ending grounding, the output of phase inverter U7 is through phase inverter U8 output, and connecting resistance R9 is to power supply VCC; Connecing capacitor C 9 forms to ground.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 95108848 CN1053277C (en) | 1995-08-28 | 1995-08-28 | Method for detecting short-circuit fault current path and indicator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 95108848 CN1053277C (en) | 1995-08-28 | 1995-08-28 | Method for detecting short-circuit fault current path and indicator |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1144338A CN1144338A (en) | 1997-03-05 |
| CN1053277C true CN1053277C (en) | 2000-06-07 |
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ID=5076939
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 95108848 Expired - Lifetime CN1053277C (en) | 1995-08-28 | 1995-08-28 | Method for detecting short-circuit fault current path and indicator |
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| CN102288866B (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2014-07-30 | 何晋章 | Method and equipment for detecting single-phase earth fault of transmission and distribution line |
| CN102520300B (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2015-12-09 | 航天科工深圳（集团）有限公司 | A kind of circuit short-circuit fault detection method and system |
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| CN103245885B (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2015-11-04 | 国家电网公司 | Integrated power failure indication and state monitoring logic judgment method |
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| CN106054016B (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2019-07-16 | 科博达技术股份有限公司 | The judgment method of inverter short circuit failure |
| JP6460146B2 (en) | 2017-04-21 | 2019-01-30 | オムロン株式会社 | Leakage current calculation device and leakage current calculation method |
| CN109061362B (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2020-09-25 | 许继电源有限公司 | Power grid power failure detection circuit |
| CN111505441A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-07 | 国网湖南省电力有限公司 | Short-circuit fault judgment method and system for small-load current circuit and fault indicator |
| US11355953B2 (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2022-06-07 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Wiring prognostics system for vehicles |
-
1995
- 1995-08-28 CN CN 95108848 patent/CN1053277C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| C35 | Partial or whole invalidation of patent or utility model | ||
| IP01 | Partial invalidation of patent right |
Commission number: 4W101325 Conclusion of examination: On the basis of the claim of the authorization notice, claim 1-2 is invalid and the patent is maintained on the basis of claim 3-10. Decision date of declaring invalidation: 20120629 Decision number of declaring invalidation: 18883 Denomination of invention: Method for detecting short-circuit fault current path and indicator Granted publication date: 20000607 Patentee: Beijing Creative Distribution Automation Co., Ltd. |