CN105300803A - HTHP well cementation cement sheath integrity simulation evaluation tester - Google Patents
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011545 laboratory measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种HTHP固井水泥环完整性模拟评价试验仪，包括釜体和釜盖，釜盖顶部中心处通过丝扣连接压头，压头顶部留有高压管线接头母扣，用于连接高压管线并施加驱替压力，底部为锥形尖头，锥面打磨光滑与压杆顶部锥形凹槽实现镜面密封；压杆安装于釜盖的中心孔处，在中心孔上下滑动，压杆通过杆上安装的密封圈实现与釜盖之间的滑动密封，压杆下端加工有安放钢管试样的凹槽，在钢管试样与压杆之间放置铜质密封垫片，钢管试样下端放置于釜体内底部凹槽，凹槽内同样放置铜质密封垫片，本发明能模拟水泥固化体所处的井下实际高温高压环境，并能同时在该条件下测定固化体样品微裂缝及微间隙的自修复能力，且试验浆体用量小，试验工作时间短。
A HTHP cementing cement sheath integrity simulation evaluation tester, including a kettle body and a kettle cover. The center of the top of the kettle cover is connected to the indenter through a screw thread, and a high-pressure pipeline connector female button is left on the top of the indenter for connecting the high-pressure pipeline and The displacement pressure is applied, the bottom is a conical tip, the conical surface is polished smooth and the conical groove on the top of the pressure rod is mirror sealed; the pressure rod is installed at the center hole of the kettle cover, slides up and down in the center hole, and the pressure rod passes through the rod The installed sealing ring realizes the sliding seal between the lid of the kettle. The lower end of the pressure rod is processed with a groove for placing the steel pipe sample. A copper sealing gasket is placed between the steel pipe sample and the pressure rod. The lower end of the steel pipe sample is placed in the kettle. The groove at the bottom of the body, and copper sealing gaskets are also placed in the groove. The invention can simulate the actual high temperature and high pressure environment in the underground where the cement solidified body is located, and can simultaneously measure the microcracks and micro gaps of the solidified body sample under this condition. Repair ability, and the amount of test slurry is small, and the test working time is short.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于石油钻井技术领域，特别涉及一种HTHP(hightemperaturehighpressure高温高压)固井水泥环完整性模拟评价试验仪。The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum drilling, in particular to a HTHP (high temperature high pressure) cement sheath integrity simulation evaluation tester for well cementing.
背景技术Background technique
在固井施工中，固井水泥浆被注入套管与地层之间的环空，水泥浆要经受井下环境而最终凝固形成具有一定胶结能力和硬度的水泥环。井内水泥环具有有效地封隔地层和支撑、保护套管的功能。为了稳产、增产，各油田都相继进行注水、压裂、酸化、补孔等提高生产压差等井下工程作业，不同的作业过程必然使井眼条件发生改变，套管内压改变、地层围岩压力变化以及井眼温度改变引起的温度应力等作用，使水泥环受力状态发生改变，可能导致水泥环产生裂纹，使水泥环的封隔作用失效，造成地下油气水层之间的窜流和套管的腐蚀破坏，严重时造成油气井报废(汪汉花，高莉莉.固井水泥石力学性能研究现状浅析.西部探矿工程，2010，4：70-74)。During cementing construction, cementing cement slurry is injected into the annular space between the casing and the formation, and the cement slurry has to withstand the downhole environment and finally solidifies to form a cement sheath with certain cementing ability and hardness. The cement sheath in the well has the functions of effectively sealing off the formation and supporting and protecting the casing. In order to stabilize and increase production, all oilfields have successively carried out downhole engineering operations such as water injection, fracturing, acidizing, and refilling to increase the production pressure difference. Changes in temperature and temperature stresses caused by wellbore temperature changes will change the stress state of the cement sheath, which may cause cracks in the cement sheath, invalidate the sealing effect of the cement sheath, and cause channeling and casing between underground oil, gas and water layers. Corrosion damage of pipes, in severe cases, will cause oil and gas wells to be scrapped (Wang Hanhua, Gao Lili. Analysis of the status quo of mechanical properties of cement cement. Western Exploration Engineering, 2010, 4: 70-74).
随着小眼井、分支井、侧钻井和薄油层井、热采井数量的增多，对固井质量的要求也越来越高。对于小间隙环空和薄油层固井，因水泥环很薄，水泥石的完整性必须得到保证，否则油井寿命将受到严重影响；开窗侧钻井、大斜度井、大位移井和分支井中造斜段的水泥环经常遭受继续钻进时钻头、钻杆的撞击和震动，以及热采井中热冲击应力对水泥环产生的破坏，都要求研究和改善固井水泥环的力学性能，降低水泥环的脆性，增强水泥环的韧性(励争，苏先基.水泥石动态断裂韧性的实验研究[J].力学与实践，1999，21(1):41-44)。With the increase in the number of slimhole wells, lateral wells, sidetracking wells, thin oil layer wells and thermal recovery wells, the requirements for cementing quality are also getting higher and higher. For small gap annulus and thin oil layer cementing, because the cement sheath is very thin, the integrity of the cement stone must be guaranteed, otherwise the life of the oil well will be seriously affected; in the sidetracking well, highly deviated well, extended reach well and branch well The cement sheath in the build-up section is often subjected to the impact and vibration of the drill bit and drill pipe during continuous drilling, as well as the damage to the cement sheath caused by the thermal shock stress in the thermal recovery well, all of which require research and improvement of the mechanical properties of the cement sheath to reduce the cement pressure. The brittleness of the ring enhances the toughness of the cement ring (Li Zheng, Su Xianji. Experimental research on the dynamic fracture toughness of cement stone [J]. Mechanics and Practice, 1999, 21(1): 41-44).
因此，研究固井水泥石力学性能，提高水泥环本体的完整性对生产及油水井的长期寿命具有重要的意义。Therefore, it is of great significance to study the mechanical properties of cement and improve the integrity of the cement sheath for production and long-term life of oil and water wells.
有关油井水泥石力学性能方面的研究一般都集中在水泥石的强度方面，一般都将水泥石的单轴抗压强度作为主要工程性能指标并对其实施重点检测和分析(张景富，林波，王珣等人.单轴应力条件下水泥石强度与弹性模量的关系.科学技术与工程，2010，10(21)：5249-5253)。The research on the mechanical properties of oil well cement stones generally focuses on the strength of cement stones, and the uniaxial compressive strength of cement stones is generally used as the main engineering performance index, and it is mainly tested and analyzed (Zhang Jingfu, Lin Bo, Wang et al. Xun et al. Relationship between cement strength and elastic modulus under uniaxial stress. Science Technology and Engineering, 2010, 10(21): 5249-5253).
常规水泥石力学性能评价方法基本上借鉴了混凝土、建筑水泥等材料力学中无机非金属的力学评价方法，其中常用的万能材料试验机可直接测得抗拉、抗折、抗剪切等力学性能，但不能模拟各种井下环境和工况对水泥石完整性的影响。因此，目前水泥石力学性能的研究多是针对于特定水泥浆体系形成水泥石的性能评价，而缺乏对水泥石力学性能受井下环境影响的规律性认识(汪汉花，高莉莉.固井水泥石力学性能研究现状浅析.西部探矿工程，2010，4：70-74)。Conventional cement stone mechanical performance evaluation methods basically draw on the mechanical evaluation methods of inorganic nonmetals in the mechanics of concrete, construction cement and other materials, among which the commonly used universal material testing machine can directly measure mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural and shear resistance , but it cannot simulate the influence of various downhole environments and working conditions on the integrity of cement stones. Therefore, most of the current research on the mechanical properties of cement stones is aimed at the performance evaluation of cement stones formed by specific cement slurry systems, and lacks the regular understanding of the influence of the mechanical properties of cement stones on the downhole environment (Wang Hanhua, Gao Lili. Mechanics of cement stones in well cementing Analysis of the status quo of performance research. Western Exploration Engineering, 2010, 4: 70-74).
近年来，国内外学者对水泥石完整性的评价与研究越来越重视，并把在室内模拟井下环境对水泥石力学性能的影响研究试验作为考察水泥石完整性的主要技术手段。目前研究方法都力争尽可能地模拟固井水泥环的井下受力情况，但存在的问题是试验装置复杂庞大，试验成本高。更关键的是：作为固井水泥环的完整性和可靠性，其关键的力学性能指标应该是固井水泥环在油气井长期的开发过程中的层间封隔的可靠性能，即对油气水等井下流体的抗窜强度。现有的这些方法只能测定特定条件下固井水泥环的力学性能，不能定量分析测定井下压力变化对固井水泥环抗窜强度的变化，难以认识问题的本质。In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have paid more and more attention to the evaluation and research of the integrity of cement stones, and have taken the indoor simulation of the influence of the underground environment on the mechanical properties of cement stones as the main technical means to investigate the integrity of cement stones. The current research methods try to simulate the downhole stress of the cement sheath as much as possible, but the existing problems are that the test equipment is complex and large, and the test cost is high. More importantly, as the integrity and reliability of the cement sheath, its key mechanical performance index should be the reliability of the interlayer isolation of the cement sheath during the long-term development of oil and gas wells, that is, the oil, gas and water Anti-channeling strength of downhole fluid. These existing methods can only measure the mechanical properties of the cement sheath under specific conditions, but cannot quantitatively analyze the changes in the channeling strength of the cement sheath due to downhole pressure changes, making it difficult to understand the essence of the problem.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种HTHP固井水泥环完整性模拟评价试验仪，能够较好地模拟固井水泥环所处的井下的环境条件，模拟井下温度对固井水泥环的影响，测定不同井下温度条件下固井水泥环抗窜强度的变化情况，从而准确评价固井水泥环在不同井下温度压力条件下的封隔可靠性，即完整性；具有结构简单，成本低廉，操作方便，试验浆体用量小，试验数据重现性好，短时间内可以开展大量试验工作的特点。In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of HTHP cementing cement sheath integrity simulation evaluation test instrument, can simulate well the downhole environmental condition of well cementing sheath place preferably, simulate downhole temperature to The impact of the cement sheath, measuring the change of the channeling strength of the cement sheath under different downhole temperature conditions, so as to accurately evaluate the isolation reliability of the cement sheath under different downhole temperature and pressure conditions, that is, the integrity; it has a structure Simple, low cost, convenient operation, small amount of test slurry, good test data reproducibility, and a large amount of test work can be carried out in a short period of time.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种HTHP固井水泥环完整性模拟评价试验仪，包括釜体5和釜盖3，釜盖3顶部中心处通过螺纹一71连接压头2，压头2顶部留有高压管线接头母扣，用于连接高压管线并施加驱替压力，底部为锥形尖头，锥面打磨光滑与压杆4顶部锥形凹槽实现镜面密封；压杆4安装于釜盖3的中心孔处，在中心孔上下滑动，压杆4通过杆上安装的密封圈一81实现与釜盖3之间的滑动密封，压杆4下端加工有安放钢管试样6的凹槽，在钢管试样6与压杆4之间放置铜质密封垫片一91，钢管试样6下端放置于釜体5内底部凹槽，凹槽内同样放置铜质密封垫片二91。A HTHP cementing cement sheath integrity simulation evaluation tester, including a kettle body 5 and a kettle cover 3, the center of the top of the kettle cover 3 is connected to the pressure head 2 through a thread 71, and the top of the pressure head 2 is left with a high-pressure pipeline connector box, It is used to connect high-pressure pipelines and apply displacement pressure. The bottom is a conical tip, and the conical surface is polished smooth to achieve a mirror seal with the conical groove on the top of the pressure rod 4; the pressure rod 4 is installed at the center hole of the kettle cover 3. The hole slides up and down, and the pressure rod 4 realizes the sliding seal with the kettle cover 3 through the seal ring-81 installed on the rod. The lower end of the pressure rod 4 is processed with a groove for placing the steel pipe sample 6. Place copper sealing gasket 1 91 between 4, place the lower end of the steel pipe sample 6 in the bottom groove in the kettle body 5, and place copper sealing gasket 2 91 in the groove as well.
所述釜盖3两斜侧通过螺纹紧扣有安装杆1，用于旋紧釜盖3与釜体5的螺纹二72连接。The two oblique sides of the kettle cover 3 are fastened with mounting rods 1 by threads, which are used to tighten the kettle cover 3 and connect with the screw thread 2 72 of the kettle body 5 .
所述钢管试样6所使用钢管是外径为25～26mm，内径为20～21mm，长度为79～81mm的不锈钢钢管13。通过不同的制作方法将水泥石12固结于钢管内部可制作成微裂缝和微间隙试样，以模拟不同水泥环损伤类型。The steel pipe used in the steel pipe sample 6 is a stainless steel pipe 13 with an outer diameter of 25-26 mm, an inner diameter of 20-21 mm, and a length of 79-81 mm. Consolidating the cement stone 12 inside the steel pipe by different manufacturing methods can be made into micro-crack and micro-gap samples to simulate different types of cement sheath damage.
所述釜体5为外径110mm的空心圆柱筒，内筒底部有深3mm，直径26mm的凹槽，用于安放铜质密封垫片二91，筒内侧顶部车有螺纹二72及密封圈二82安装槽用于安装和密封釜盖3。The kettle body 5 is a hollow cylindrical cylinder with an outer diameter of 110mm. The bottom of the inner cylinder has a groove with a depth of 3mm and a diameter of 26mm, which is used to place copper sealing gaskets 291. 82 mounting grooves are used to install and seal the kettle cover 3.
所述压杆4为直径25mm的中空圆柱杆，杆身加工有两道宽3mm，深2mm凹槽，用于安装密封圈一81，杆底端内径26mm，用于安装铜质密封垫片一91密封杆底与钢管试样6上端，杆顶部加工有锥形凹槽，凹槽面经过镜面抛光处理，实现与压头2的镜面密封连接。The pressure rod 4 is a hollow cylindrical rod with a diameter of 25 mm, and the rod body is processed with two grooves with a width of 3 mm and a depth of 2 mm, which are used to install a sealing ring 181, and the inner diameter of the bottom end of the rod is 26 mm, which is used to install a copper sealing gasket 1 91 seals the bottom of the rod and the upper end of the steel pipe sample 6, and the top of the rod is processed with a tapered groove, and the groove surface is mirror-polished to achieve a mirror-sealed connection with the indenter 2.
所述釜盖3顶部加工有直径15mm，深20mm的螺纹一71孔眼，用于装配压头2，釜盖3上还加工有围压通道11，通道顶部加工有高压管线接头母扣用于连接围压管线，两侧加工有安装杆母扣用于安装安装杆1，中部为螺纹二72用于连接釜体5，下部留有密封圈二82安装凹槽，与釜体5相配合，用于密封与釜体5的连接，底部加工有直径26mm的中心孔，为压杆4的上下活动通道，孔内壁经过抛光处理，便于与压杆密封圈一81实现动态密封。The top of the kettle cover 3 is processed with a thread-71 hole with a diameter of 15 mm and a depth of 20 mm for assembling the indenter 2. The kettle cover 3 is also processed with a confining pressure channel 11, and the top of the channel is processed with a high-pressure pipeline connector box for connecting Confining pressure pipeline, the two sides are processed with installation rod female buckles for installing the installation rod 1, the middle part is thread 2 72 for connecting the kettle body 5, and the lower part is left with a sealing ring 2 82 installation groove, which is matched with the kettle body 5. For the connection between the seal and the kettle body 5, a central hole with a diameter of 26mm is processed at the bottom, which is the upper and lower movable channel of the pressure rod 4. The inner wall of the hole is polished to facilitate dynamic sealing with the pressure rod sealing ring-81.
所述压头2为中空丝杆，杆身直径25mm，与釜盖3顶部孔眼相配合，压头2顶端留有高压管线安装母扣用于连接驱替压力通道10管线，底部为锥形尖头，锥面经过镜面抛光处理便于实现与压杆顶部凹槽的镜面密封连接。The indenter 2 is a hollow screw rod with a diameter of 25 mm, which matches the hole on the top of the kettle cover 3. The top of the indenter 2 is provided with a high-pressure pipeline installation female button for connecting the displacement pressure channel 10 pipeline, and the bottom is a tapered tip. The head, the tapered surface is mirror-polished to facilitate the mirror-sealed connection with the groove on the top of the pressure rod.
装配时首先将钢管试样6放置于釜体5内底部凹槽的铜质密封垫片二92上，然后将压杆4放置有铜质密封垫片一91的底端放置于钢管试样上端，并向釜体内腔加入环空加压流体，将釜盖3保持竖直与釜体5旋紧，压杆4便伸入釜盖3中心孔中，继续将压头2旋入釜盖3并拧紧，此时压头抵紧压杆4实现压头2与压杆4之间的密封连接，同时向下滑动的压杆4压紧钢管试样6借助铜质密封垫片一91达到试样与压杆4和釜体5的密封，从而实现驱替通道的联通和密封。将围压管线和驱替管线跟别连接至釜盖3和压头2顶部，将仪器放置于加热套内，通过控制模拟在不同温度和围压的井底条件下测量钢管试样的抗窜强度。When assembling, first place the steel pipe sample 6 on the copper sealing gasket 2 92 in the bottom groove of the kettle body 5, and then place the bottom end of the pressure rod 4 with the copper sealing gasket 1 91 on the upper end of the steel pipe sample , and add annulus pressurized fluid to the inner cavity of the kettle, keep the kettle cover 3 vertical and tighten with the kettle body 5, the pressure rod 4 will extend into the center hole of the kettle cover 3, and continue to screw the pressure head 2 into the kettle cover 3 And tighten it, at this time, the pressure head presses against the pressure rod 4 to realize the sealed connection between the pressure head 2 and the pressure rod 4, and at the same time, the downward sliding pressure rod 4 compresses the steel pipe sample 6 to reach the test position by means of the copper sealing gasket-91. The sample is sealed with the pressure rod 4 and the kettle body 5, so as to realize the communication and sealing of the displacement channel. Connect the confining pressure pipeline and the displacement pipeline to the top of the kettle cover 3 and the pressure head 2 respectively, place the instrument in the heating jacket, and measure the channeling resistance of the steel pipe sample under different temperature and confining pressure bottomhole conditions through control simulation strength.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1.可以实现钢管试样中心的驱替通道与周向的围压通道的独立密封，打破传统夹持器围压必须大于驱替压力的条件，可以更好的模拟底层应力对固井水泥环的作用。1. It can realize the independent sealing of the displacement channel in the center of the steel pipe sample and the circumferential confining pressure channel, breaking the condition that the confining pressure of the traditional holder must be greater than the displacement pressure, and can better simulate the stress of the bottom layer on the cementing cement sheath role.
2.可以实现高温条件下抗窜强度的测量，更好的模拟水泥环所处的井下高温高压条件。2. It can realize the measurement of anti-channeling strength under high temperature conditions, and better simulate the underground high temperature and high pressure conditions where the cement sheath is located.
3.通过控制围压与温度的变化可实现多种实验数据的测量工作，满足水泥环损伤修复实验室测量的各种要求。3. By controlling the change of confining pressure and temperature, the measurement of various experimental data can be realized to meet the various requirements of the cement sheath damage repair laboratory measurement.
本发明HTHP固井水泥环完整性模拟评价试验仪能够模拟水泥固化体所处的井下实际高温高压环境，并能同时在该条件下测定固化体样品微裂缝及微间隙的自修复能力，比常规常温评价方法更符合井下实际情况。具有结构简单、成本低廉、操作方便，试验浆体用量小，试验工作时间短的特点，能够真实模拟井下水泥环所处的高温高压环境，是评价研究固井水泥环完整性的可靠试验手段。The HTHP cement sheath integrity simulation evaluation tester of the present invention can simulate the actual downhole high temperature and high pressure environment where the cement solidification body is located, and can simultaneously measure the self-repairing ability of the micro-cracks and micro-gap of the solidification body sample under this condition, which is better than the conventional one. The normal temperature evaluation method is more in line with the actual situation in the mine. It has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, convenient operation, small amount of test slurry, and short test working time. It can truly simulate the high temperature and high pressure environment of the downhole cement sheath, and is a reliable test method for evaluating and studying the integrity of the cement sheath.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明HTHP固井水泥环完整性模拟评价试验仪剖面图。Fig. 1 is a sectional view of the HTHP cement sheath integrity simulation evaluation tester of the present invention.
图2是本发明HTHP固井水泥环完整性模拟评价试验仪示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the HTHP cement sheath integrity simulation evaluation tester of the present invention.
图3是本发明压头结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the indenter of the present invention.
图4是本发明压杆结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pressure bar of the present invention.
图5是本发明釜盖结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the kettle cover of the present invention.
图6是本发明釜体结构示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the kettle body of the present invention.
图7是本发明钢管试样结构示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a steel pipe sample of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例详细说明本发明的实施方式。The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and examples.
参见附图1～2，安装杆1通过螺纹紧扣于釜盖3两斜侧，用于旋紧釜盖3与釜体5的螺纹连接；压头2设置在釜盖3顶部中心处，通过丝扣与釜盖3连接，压头2顶部留有高压管线接头母扣，用于连接高压管线并施加驱替压力，底部为锥形尖头，锥面打磨光滑与压杆4顶部锥形凹槽实现镜面密封；压杆4安装于釜盖中心孔处，并且可在中心孔上下滑动，压杆4通过杆上安装的密封圈一81实现与釜盖3之间的滑动密封，压杆4下端加工有安放钢管试样6的凹槽，在钢管试样6与压杆之间放置铜质密封垫片一91，钢管试样6下端放置于釜体5内底部凹槽，凹槽内同样放置铜质密封垫片二92。Referring to accompanying drawings 1-2, the installation rod 1 is tightly fastened to the two oblique sides of the kettle cover 3 through threads, and is used to tighten the screw connection between the kettle cover 3 and the kettle body 5; the pressure head 2 is arranged at the center of the top of the kettle cover 3, and The screw is connected to the kettle cover 3, and the top of the pressure head 2 is left with a high-pressure pipeline joint female buckle, which is used to connect the high-pressure pipeline and apply displacement pressure. Groove realizes mirror sealing; Depression bar 4 is installed in the center hole of kettle cover, and can slide up and down in the center hole, and pressure bar 4 realizes the sliding seal between kettle cover 3 through the sealing ring-81 installed on the bar, and pressure bar 4 The lower end is processed with a groove for placing the steel pipe sample 6, and a copper sealing gasket 91 is placed between the steel pipe sample 6 and the pressure rod. The lower end of the steel pipe sample 6 is placed in the bottom groove of the kettle body 5, and the same Place copper sealing gasket II 92.
装配时首先将钢管试样6放置于釜体5内底部凹槽的铜质密封垫片二92上，然后将压杆4放置有铜质密封垫片一91的底端放置于钢管试样上端，并向釜体内腔加入环空加压流体，将釜盖3保持竖直与釜体5旋紧，压杆4便伸入釜盖3中心孔中，继续将压头2旋入釜盖3并拧紧，此时压头抵紧压杆4实现压头2与压杆4之间的密封连接，同时向下滑动的压杆4压紧钢管试样6借助铜质密封垫片一91达到试样与压杆4和釜体5的密封，从而实现驱替通道10的联通和密封。将围压管线和驱替管线跟别连接至釜盖3和压头2顶部，将仪器放置于加热套内，通过控制模拟在不同温度和围压的井底条件下测量钢管试样的抗窜强度。When assembling, first place the steel pipe sample 6 on the copper sealing gasket 2 92 in the bottom groove of the kettle body 5, and then place the bottom end of the pressure rod 4 with the copper sealing gasket 1 91 on the upper end of the steel pipe sample , and add annulus pressurized fluid to the inner cavity of the kettle, keep the kettle cover 3 vertical and tighten with the kettle body 5, the pressure rod 4 will extend into the center hole of the kettle cover 3, and continue to screw the pressure head 2 into the kettle cover 3 And tighten it, at this time, the pressure head presses against the pressure rod 4 to realize the sealed connection between the pressure head 2 and the pressure rod 4, and at the same time, the downward sliding pressure rod 4 compresses the steel pipe sample 6 to reach the test position by means of the copper sealing gasket-91. The sample is sealed with the pressure rod 4 and the kettle body 5, so as to realize the communication and sealing of the displacement channel 10. Connect the confining pressure pipeline and the displacement pipeline to the top of the kettle cover 3 and the pressure head 2 respectively, place the instrument in the heating jacket, and measure the channeling resistance of the steel pipe sample under different temperature and confining pressure bottomhole conditions through control simulation strength.
参见附图3，压头2为中空丝杆，杆身直径25mm与釜盖顶部孔眼相配合，压头顶端留有高压管线安装母扣用于连接驱替压力管线。底部为锥形尖头，锥面经过镜面抛光处理便于实现与压杆顶部凹槽的镜面密封连接。Referring to accompanying drawing 3, the indenter 2 is a hollow screw rod with a diameter of 25mm matching the hole on the top of the kettle cover, and a high-pressure pipeline installation box is left on the top of the indenter for connecting the displacement pressure pipeline. The bottom is a tapered tip, and the tapered surface is mirror-polished to facilitate a mirror-sealed connection with the groove on the top of the plunger.
参见附图4，压杆4为25mm中空圆柱杆，杆身加工有两道宽3mm深2mm凹槽用于安装密封圈一81，杆底端内径26mm可安装铜质密封垫片一91用于密封杆与钢管试样上端。杆顶部加工有锥形凹槽，凹槽面经过镜面抛光处理，实现与压头的镜面密封连接。See accompanying drawing 4, the pressure rod 4 is a 25mm hollow cylindrical rod, and the rod body is processed with two grooves with a width of 3 mm and a depth of 2 mm for installing the sealing ring 181, and the inner diameter of the bottom end of the rod is 26 mm, and a copper sealing gasket 91 can be installed for The sealing rod and the upper end of the steel pipe sample. The top of the rod is processed with a tapered groove, and the surface of the groove is mirror-polished to achieve a mirror-sealed connection with the indenter.
参见附图5，釜盖3顶部加工有直径15mm深20mm螺纹孔眼用于装配压头，釜盖上还加工有围压通道11，通道顶部加工有高压管线接头母扣用于连接围压管线，两侧加工有安装杆母扣用于安装安装杆。中部为螺纹7连接用于连接釜体，下部留有密封圈二82安装凹槽，与釜体相配合用于密封于釜体的连接。底部加工有直径26mm中心孔，为压杆上下活动通道，孔内壁经过抛光处理，便于与压杆密封圈一81实现动态密封。Referring to Figure 5, the top of the kettle cover 3 is processed with a threaded hole with a diameter of 15 mm and a depth of 20 mm for assembling the pressure head, and a confining pressure channel 11 is also processed on the kettle cover, and a high-pressure pipeline connector box is processed on the top of the channel for connecting the confining pressure pipeline. Both sides are processed with mounting rod female snaps for mounting the mounting rod. The middle part is threaded 7 connections for connecting the kettle body, and the lower part is left with a sealing ring 2 82 installation groove, which is matched with the kettle body for sealing the connection with the kettle body. The bottom is processed with a central hole with a diameter of 26mm, which is the upper and lower movable channel of the pressure rod. The inner wall of the hole is polished to facilitate dynamic sealing with the pressure rod sealing ring-81.
参见附图6，釜体5为外径110mm的空心圆柱筒，内筒底部有深3mm直径26mm的凹槽用于安放铜质密封垫片二92，筒内侧顶部车有螺纹二72及密封圈二82安装槽用于安装和密封釜盖。Referring to accompanying drawing 6, the kettle body 5 is a hollow cylinder with an outer diameter of 110mm, and the bottom of the inner cylinder has a groove with a depth of 3mm and a diameter of 26mm for placing copper sealing gaskets 292, and the inner top of the cylinder is provided with thread 272 and a sealing ring Two 82 mounting grooves are used for installing and sealing the lid of the kettle.
参见附图7，钢管试样6所使用钢管是外径为25～26mm，内径为20～21mm，长度为79～81mm的不锈钢钢管13。通过不同的制作方法将水泥石12固结于钢管内部可制作成微裂缝和微间隙试样，以模拟不同水泥环损伤类型。Referring to accompanying drawing 7, the steel pipe used for the steel pipe sample 6 is a stainless steel pipe 13 with an outer diameter of 25-26 mm, an inner diameter of 20-21 mm, and a length of 79-81 mm. The cement stone 12 is consolidated inside the steel pipe by different manufacturing methods to make micro-crack and micro-gap samples to simulate different types of cement sheath damage.
本发明的工作原理和试验流程是：Working principle and test flow of the present invention are:
1、钢管试样6是HTHP固井水泥环完整性模拟试验仪的基本部件，不锈钢钢管13内部固结有水泥石12，按照不同实验要求制作微裂缝或微间隙钢管试样6备用。1. The steel pipe sample 6 is the basic component of the HTHP cement sheath integrity simulation tester. The stainless steel pipe 13 is consolidated with cement stone 12 inside. The steel pipe sample 6 with micro-cracks or micro-gap is prepared according to different experimental requirements.
2、将铜质密封垫片二92置于釜体5底部凹槽中，将第一步制备好的钢管试样6放置于密封垫片二92上并将压杆4与上密封垫片一91套于钢管试样上端。将釜体空间加入增压流体自来水或油。2. Put the copper sealing gasket 2 92 in the groove at the bottom of the kettle body 5, place the steel pipe sample 6 prepared in the first step on the sealing gasket 2 92 and place the pressing rod 4 and the upper sealing gasket 1 91 sets are placed on the upper end of the steel pipe sample. The tank space is filled with pressurized fluid tap water or oil.
3、将釜盖3与釜体5旋紧，此时压杆4会伸入到釜盖3的中心孔中，并凭借压杆4上的密封圈一81实现与釜盖3的动态密封。3. Tighten the kettle cover 3 and the kettle body 5. At this time, the pressure rod 4 will extend into the center hole of the kettle cover 3, and the dynamic sealing with the kettle cover 3 will be realized by means of the sealing ring-81 on the pressure rod 4.
4、将压头2旋入釜盖3上部螺纹孔眼中，直至接触压杆4，并继续旋紧使压杆4压紧钢管试样6，实现试样6与釜体5和压杆4间的密封。4. Screw the pressure head 2 into the threaded hole on the upper part of the kettle cover 3 until it touches the pressure rod 4, and continue to tighten the pressure rod 4 to press the steel pipe sample 6 to realize the gap between the sample 6 and the kettle body 5 and the pressure rod 4. of the seal.
5、将试验仪放入加热套中，然后将围压管线和驱替管线分别连接至釜盖3，建立驱替通道10与围压通道11。5. Put the tester into the heating jacket, then connect the confining pressure pipeline and the displacement pipeline to the kettle cover 3 respectively, and establish the displacement channel 10 and the confining pressure channel 11 .
a无围压常温试验a Normal temperature test without confining pressure
即不给试样施加围压(P2a＝0MPa)的情况下常温测得的抗窜强度。直接施加水力压力P1，测定仪器出口端滴出第一滴水时的水力压力Pmaxa，即为油井水泥固化体样品无围压常温条件下的抗窜强度值。That is, the channeling strength measured at room temperature without applying confining pressure (P 2a =0 MPa) to the sample. Apply the hydraulic pressure P 1 directly, and measure the hydraulic pressure P maxa when the first drop of water drips out from the outlet of the instrument, which is the value of channeling strength of the solidified oil well cement sample under the condition of no confining pressure and normal temperature.
(b)带围压常温试验(b) Normal temperature test with confining pressure
即给试样施加一定围压的情况下常温测得的抗窜强度。首先，施加预定的围压值P2b，然后施加水力压力P，并测定样品的抗窜强度值Pmaxb，即为油井水泥固化体样品在P2b围压常温条件下的抗窜强度值。That is, the channeling strength measured at room temperature when a certain confining pressure is applied to the sample. First, apply a predetermined confining pressure value P 2b , then apply hydraulic pressure P, and measure the channeling strength value P maxb of the sample, which is the channeling strength value of the solidified oil well cement sample under the P 2b confining pressure and normal temperature conditions.
(c)带围压高温试验(c) High temperature test with confining pressure
即给试样施加一定围压并在高温情况下测得的抗窜强度。首先封住围压通道与驱替通道，将仪器置于加热套中升温，随着温度的升高，由于釜体中传压流体的膨胀，围压会缓慢增长，到温度达到指定温度后，打开围压通道将围压增至指定围压P2c，然后按照b测试方法继续测试，测定样品的抗窜强度值Pmaxc，即为油井水泥固化体样品在Pc2围压常温条件下的抗窜强度值。That is, the anti-channeling strength is measured under high temperature conditions by applying a certain confining pressure to the sample. First seal the confining pressure channel and displacement channel, put the instrument in the heating jacket to raise the temperature, as the temperature rises, due to the expansion of the pressure transmission fluid in the kettle body, the confining pressure will increase slowly, and when the temperature reaches the specified temperature, Open the confining pressure channel to increase the confining pressure to the specified confining pressure P 2c , and then continue the test according to test method b to measure the channeling strength value P maxc of the sample, which is the resistance of the solidified oil well cement sample under the confining pressure of P c2 and normal temperature. channeling intensity value.
综上，本发明通过模拟井下温度变化对固井水泥环抗窜强度的影响规律，定量测定分析固井水泥环在不同井深温度条件下抗窜强度的变化情况，使测试数据能够真实、准确和完整地反应固井水泥环的完整性和力学性能，如水泥环在高温高压条件下的自修复性能等等，进而有针对性地提出改善固井水泥石力学性能的机理与措施，提高固井水泥石在井下条件的完整性和承载能力。该固井水泥环完整性模拟评价试验仪的研究对于准确评价固井水泥环的完整性，开展固井水泥环完整性与耐久性的研究，为固井设计提供可靠的设计依据，提高固井质量，延长油气井寿命具有重要的工程价值。In summary, the present invention quantitatively measures and analyzes the variation of the channeling strength of the cement sheath under different well depths and temperatures by simulating the influence of downhole temperature changes on the channeling strength of the cement sheath, so that the test data can be true, accurate and accurate. Completely reflect the integrity and mechanical properties of the cement sheath, such as the self-healing performance of the cement sheath under high temperature and high pressure conditions, etc., and then put forward the mechanism and measures to improve the mechanical properties of cement stone in a targeted manner, and improve the cementing performance. Integrity and bearing capacity of cement stone under downhole conditions. The research on the cementing cement sheath integrity simulation evaluation test instrument can accurately evaluate the cementing cement sheath integrity, carry out the research on the cementing cement sheath integrity and durability, provide a reliable design basis for the cementing design, and improve the cementing performance. Quality, prolonging the life of oil and gas wells has important engineering value.
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| CN119715293A (en) * | 2024-11-18 | 2025-03-28 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Device for determining restoration effect information of micro annular gap of cement sheath |
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