CN1052664A - 抗血栓形成的化合物 - Google Patents
抗血栓形成的化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1052664A CN1052664A CN90110137.0A CN90110137A CN1052664A CN 1052664 A CN1052664 A CN 1052664A CN 90110137 A CN90110137 A CN 90110137A CN 1052664 A CN1052664 A CN 1052664A
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- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by doubly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms or by two oxygen or sulfur atoms singly bound to the same carbon atom
- C07D211/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by doubly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms or by two oxygen or sulfur atoms singly bound to the same carbon atom by oxygen atoms
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Abstract
本发明是针对一个新类型的哌啶类药物,该药物
用作抗血栓形成剂和用作5-羟色胺5HT2拮抗剂是
有效的。
Description
这是1989年12月21日申请的专利序号为07/454,497的继续部分申请。
本发明涉及1-(4-氟苯基)-2-〔4-〔(4-甲磺酰胺苯基)羰基〕-1-哌啶基〕-乙酮和1-(4-氟苯基)-2-〔4-〔(4-乙酰胺基苯基)羰基〕-1-哌啶基〕-乙酮,这些化合物用作抗血栓形成剂,用作5-羟色胺5HT2拮抗剂,用作D2拮抗剂和抗心律失常药。
欧洲专利申请书0235752公布用下式表示的一类磺酰胺衍生物:
其中R′是低级烷基或甲苯基,R3代表低级烷基,低级链烯基,氢,环烷基或环烷基烷基;x是羰基,羟亚甲基或亚甲基;h和i两者是1至3的整数;Y可代表氢,低烷基,低链烯基,氰基,乙酸酯,或A-B,其中A是含有1到5个碳原子的,可以是取代的或是不饱和的,直链烯桥基,B是从28个芳基或杂环部分选出的一个。这些芳基或杂环部分的例子包括苯基,萘基,苯硫基,嘧啶基,吡咯烷基,喹啉基,呋喃基,吡咯啉基,噻唑啉基,吡啶基,二氢吲哚基等。欧洲申请专利公布这些化合物都是抗心律失常药。
这个专利申请材料没有发表化合物1-(4-氟苯基)-2-〔4-〔(4-甲磺酰胺苯基)羰基〕-1-哌啶基〕-乙酮和1-(4-氟苯基)-2-〔4-〔(4-乙酰胺基苯基)羰基〕-1-哌啶基〕-乙酮。
欧洲专利申请书0320983公布了式Ⅰ的某些磺胺基和乙酰胺基衍生物
其中Y代表氢,CO(CH2)nCH3(n是0-3的整数),或代表SO2(CH2)nCH3(n为0-3的整数);X代表CO,CHOH,或C=N-O-A,其中A代表氢或C1-4烷基;R是由卤素,低烷基,低烷氧基或氢这些基团中选出的,或是一个二价取代基并以3,4-次甲二氧或3,4-次乙二氧基代表;m是1-5的整数。这个申请书公布了这些化合物是抗心律失常药,5-羟色胺5HT2拮抗物,并且这些化合物治疗血栓形成和与栓塞有关的疾病有效。
这个专利申请书的陈述及说明局限于在哌啶基环的1-位和苯环间具有未取代的链烯桥连基团的化合物。这个参考未公布有羰基在该位置的任何化合物。这个申请书既未公布1-(4-氟苯基)-2-〔4-〔(4-甲磺酰胺基苯基)羰基〕-1-哌啶基〕-乙酮也未公布1-(4-氟苯基)-2-〔4-〔(4-乙酰胺基苯基)羰基〕-1-哌啶基〕-乙酮。
每年几乎一百万美国人患急性心肌梗塞,其中大约20%的人死亡。最近的证据提示急性血栓形成在多数心肌梗塞中起重要作用。事实上,据估计在80-90%的腔壁栓塞中急性血栓形成是原发性病理生理机制。毫不奇怪,对于血栓,对血小板聚集在心肌梗塞中的重要作用的认识必加强了人们发展安全有效的抗血栓形成药物的努力。
血栓是血液因子的聚集物,主要是血小板和血纤维蛋白与血液中其它形成因素凝结在一起。血栓也可主要由血小板聚集体组成。典型的形成血栓。是为防止由于血管损伤过量出血,典型的血栓形成过程是按下述方式进行。
血管内皮的功能是在连续循环于全身的带血小板的血液和主要是胶原的前聚集内皮下成分之间起屏障作用。除作为生理屏障外,细胞膜内皮内膜含有带负电荷的,在血小板和血管内膜之间产生静电排斥作用的成分。对血管的损伤将破坏这内皮的内膜,并使血小板与潜在的胶原和纤维蛋白接触。这就使血小板粘附于内皮下膜表面。这种开始的粘着引起血小板释放一些化学物质,如腺嘌呤二磷酸酯,5-羟色胺,和血栓素A2。所有这些化合物对于最初的血小板聚集或栓子都有前聚集效应,并刺激其他循环着的血小板粘附于此新形成的栓子上。这些增加的血小板的粘附又刺激这些前聚集化学物质的进一步释放,从而使血小板栓子进一步生长。这样,促使栓子生长的、自身无限循环就开始了。
除了粘附于受伤的血管壁形成聚集物以外,活化的血小板还促进产生凝血酶,其作用是将血浆蛋白,纤维蛋白原转变成纤维蛋白,从而稳定血栓并促进其生长。在纤维蛋白原转变成纤维蛋白以前,一系列酶促转化发生在血小板表面,最终导致形成纤维蛋白。血小板表面带负电荷的磷酯和钙两者对X因子的最大活化都是必要的。一旦X因子被活化,凝血酶原就转变成凝血酶,这种酶将纤维蛋白原切开成纤维蛋白并活化ⅩⅢ因子。这种因子催化纤维蛋白交叉连接反应,对血小板团块起稳定作用。此外,凝血酶是强有力的血小板活化剂,能使这个过程无限延续进行。
这样,一旦血小板与内皮下表面接触,反应立即开始,在这反应当中一些正反馈控制系统的作用下,产生血栓阻塞受影响血管。整个过程(即血小板聚集,纤维蛋白产生和聚合作用)称为止血,这在防止由伤口过量出血是重要的。
虽然在一个出血的血管血栓的形成是合乎需要的,但对未受损的血管来说则是病理性的。血栓发生于完整的血管是由于在内皮细胞表面有微小的改变或损伤,导致内皮内膜的破坏。甚至相当微小的改变都可以让血小板与胶原接触并开始上述过程。这些微小的改变发生于各种因素。这些因素包括郁积(即在心腔或血管中血液减缓流动)诱发的缺氧损伤和减少通常阻拦血小板相互作用的切应力。另一个原因是血管内皮内膜遭受动脉粥样硬化过程的损伤。血管内皮内膜在动脉粥样硬化损伤的部位受到破坏是已知的事实。
因此,相当大量的研究工作集中在寻找预防由于(通常在)血管内皮内膜(发现)的微小改变引起的血小板聚集的药物。部分研究工作是探索给予5-羟色胺拮抗物能起甚么作用,5-羟色胺是一种血小板最初开始聚集时释放的前聚集物质。虽然5-羟色胺是一种相当弱的前聚集因子,但已发现5-羟色胺对原发性前聚集凝结因子ADP有协同作用。因此5-羟色胺增强ADP的前聚集作用。
氟哌喹酮是5-羟色胺拮抗物。它作用于5HT2受体。Bush等报告在为筛选这种活性设计的犬模型上,这个化合物预防血栓的形成非常有效。药物发展研究(Drug Development Research)7卷,319-340页(1986)。
根据本发明,已发现5-羟色胺5HT2拮抗物1-(4-氟苯基)-2-〔4-〔(4-甲磺酰胺苯基)羰基〕-1-哌啶基〕-乙酮和1-(4-氟苯基)-2-〔4-〔(4-乙酰氨基苯基)羰基〕-1-哌啶基〕乙酮及其药用酸加合盐预防急性血栓形成,特别是预防冠状动脉的急性血栓形成是有效的。这些化合物降低由于血管系统内皮内膜的微小改变导致的血小板聚集的速度,因而防止了急性病理性血栓形成。因为这些化合物是5-羟色胺5HT2拮抗剂,用于治疗一些疾病症状有效。
1-(4-氟苯基)-2-〔4-〔(4-甲磺酰胺基苯基)-羰基〕-1-哌啶基〕-乙酮和1-(4-氟苯基)-2-〔4-〔(4-乙酰胺基苯基)羰基〕-1-哌啶基〕-乙酮可用下式Ⅰ表示:
其中X代表CO或SO2。
所表示的药用酸加合盐意思是指用由式Ⅰ代表的碱性化合物或其任何中间体的任何无毒的有机或无机酸的加合盐。形成适宜盐的无机酸实例包括盐酸,氢溴酸,硫酸和磷酸及酸性金属盐如单氢正磷酸钠和硫酸氢钾。形成适宜盐的有机酸实例包括单,二和三羧酸。例如这种酸的实例是醋酸,羟基乙酸、乳酸,丙酮酸,丙二酸,琥珀酸,戊二酸,富马酸,苹果酸,酒石酸,柠檬酸,抗坏血酸,马来酸,羟基马来酸,苯甲酸,羟基苯甲酸,苯乙酸,肉桂酸,水杨酸,2-苯氧基苯甲酸,对-甲苯磺酸以及磺酸类如甲磺酸和2-羟基乙磺酸。可形成单或双酸盐,这种盐可以水合物或实际上以无水的形式存在。一般说来,这些化合物的酸加合盐都溶于水和各种亲水性有机溶剂,与其游离碱相比通常表明这些盐有较高的熔点。
式Ⅰ的化合物可用为人熟知的技术制备。这些化合物制备方法之一是在式Ⅱ叙述的2-卤代-4′-氟-苯乙酮,(式Ⅱ中的Y代表卤原子如氯或溴)以及乙酰氨基或甲磺酰胺基衍生物之间,(如式Ⅲ所叙述的,其中X代表CO或SO2)进行N-烷基化:
对这些熟练技术的人来说是显而易见的,在式Ⅲ的化合物中当要求乙酰胺基衍生物时,X代表CO,当要求甲磺酰胺衍生物时X代表SO2。N-烷基化可用下法进行。接近等当量的式Ⅱ和式Ⅲ的化合物在适当溶剂中,在过量摩尔的碱如碳酸氢钠存在下反应,该反应可在催化剂如四丁基铵碘化物存在下任意进行,典型反应可在四氢呋喃/水的混合溶剂中,温度范围25-70℃,时间范围大约0.5-24小时的条件下进行。
加入盐水停止反应,所要的式Ⅰ的化合物用有机溶剂如氯仿提取出来。所要的化合物在有机相。有机相用典型的方法干燥,然后过滤浓缩得式Ⅰ的粗化合物。式Ⅰ的化合物可通过熟知的方法重结晶加以纯制。2-丁酮/环己烷或甲醇/2-丁酮是重结晶的适宜的溶剂系统的实例。
式Ⅱ中的苯乙酮及其制备方法均为已知。式Ⅲ的哌啶基衍生物在技术上也是已知的。欧洲专利申请书0320983公布了它们的制备方法。
如上所述,式Ⅰ的哌啶基衍生物是抗血栓形成的化合物。在这个专利申请中,术语“抗血栓形成”应当释释是关于预防或减少急性病理性血栓或栓子形成的能力。不应解释是关于对已形成的血栓具有溶解的能力。为进一步说明血栓和栓子间的差别是,栓子可能是整个的血栓或血栓的一部分,由循环的其他部位移动到堵塞的部位产生阻塞,栓子不是产生于堵塞的部位,而血栓是产生于堵塞部位。
证明这些化合物抗血栓形成效用的一个方法是用循环的冠状血流减少的犬模型。这种方法在技术上是熟知的,已由John D.Folts,Edward B.Crowell Jr.和George G.Rowe叙述过,循环54卷,365-370页(1976)。
在Fosts的模型上,狗的左前下行冠状动脉用外科手术分离出来通过挤压血管以保证血小板与内皮内膜下的胶原有机会接触而有意损伤这个动脉的内皮下内膜。这就开始了如上所说的血栓形成过程。然后将电流探针放在这个脉上以便测定经过该血管的血流。压缩器放于这个动脉周围产生临界狭窄。狭窄被说成是临界的,是因为将狭窄程度调到在动脉堵塞15秒后就取消充血反应。在产生临界狭窄后不久,流经这段冠状动脉的血液慢慢减少到接近于零,随后突然恢复到对照水平。由于血小板血栓的形成堵塞动脉使突然减少血流。血流突然恢复是由于移走血栓和/或其转化成栓子。
这个模型可用于试验化合物抑制血小板聚集的能力从而防止血栓的形成。预先用具有这种抗血栓形成作用的化合物处理的狗在受试期间将不感受这些血流的降低(即环流降低),CFR)或者感受这些发作极小或者感受这些发作只有较少量。
用这个模型试验了1-(4-氟苯基)-2-〔4-〔(4-甲磺酰胺基苯基)羰基〕-1-哌啶基〕-乙酮(化合物#1)和1-(4-氟苯基)-2-〔4-〔(4-乙酰氨基苯基)羰基〕-1-哌啶基〕-乙酮(化合物#2)。为了比较,在这个模型上也试验了1-(3-吡啶基)-2-〔4-〔(4-甲磺酰氨基苯基)羰基〕-1-哌啶基〕-乙酮(化合物#3)。在上述欧洲专利申请书0235752的实例35中叙述了这个化合物的情况和制备方法,得到以下结果。
表Ⅰ
化合物 防止环流减少的剂量
化合物#1 0.001mg/Kg(ⅳ)
化合物#2 0.001mg/Kg(ⅳ)
化合物#3 >0.1mg/Kg(ⅳ)1
注1该剂量无效
因为这些化合物作为抗血栓形成药是有效的,所以可用于各种临床状态下病人处于发展为病理的急性血栓的危险。如上所说,病人应当预先服药以防止产生急性血栓发作,而不是溶解已产生的血栓。
例如,已用组织纤维蛋白溶酶原活化剂来溶解血栓的病人,就处于急性冠状动脉血栓形成的高度危险之中,可给这些病人用式Ⅰ的化合物来防止另外的急性冠状动脉血栓发作以及任何由此引起的心肌梗塞。
因为这些化合物防止急性血栓形成发作,所以也可用于减少随着血栓溶解恢复开放血流的时间。急性血栓形成发作经常发生在病人遭受血栓溶解时,及延长恢复开放血流所需的时间时。接受冠状动脉旁路或血管成形术的病人也典型的处于血栓形成的高度危险,因此也会从上述化合物治疗得到好处。其他得益于这种治疗的病人包括有隐形静脉旁路移植的病人、冠状动脉血管成形术后预防性治疗急性阻塞的病人,次级预防突然复发,对血液透析病人动静脉插管引起血栓形成的预防、以及预防房颤病人的中风发生和冠状动脉血栓形成。
这些化合物也可给病人以预防发生暂时性局部缺血发作(TIA)。这些发作起因于严重动脉粥样硬化的动脉里形成血小板栓子(通常是颈动脉)这些发作是脑血栓形成的前兆,即中风。
因此,这些化合物可用于预防发生病理性急性血栓或栓子的发作。为了得到这个结果,必须给病人服用这些化合物的在抗血栓形成有效剂量。这些化合物显示抗血栓形成效果的剂量范围可以不同,取决于服用的特定化合物,血栓形成发作的程度,病人状况,患其他潜在疾病病人的情况以及可能给病人同时服用其他药物。一般认为,这些化合物显示抗血栓形成效果的剂量范围大约是从0.001mg/Kg(病人体重)/天到大约4mg/Kg(病人体重)/天。给药方案也可广泛变化,但典型的是1-4次/天。这些化合物可由不同的途径给药。口服或非肠道给药都是有效的。
如有需要,这些化合物也可与其他抗聚集物合并服用,例如阿斯匹林(300-1200mg/天),潘生丁(300-400mg/天)氯苄噻啶(50-500mg/天),苄丙酮香豆素(25-300mg/天),水蛭素(0.1-100mg/Kg/天),或MDL28,050。这些化合物也可与血栓素合成酶抑制物合并给药,这些抑制物如噁杂格瑞(ozugrel),达咪格瑞(damegrel)SQ29,548或SQ30741。这些血栓素合成酶抑制物典型的给药剂量范围由0.5-50mg/Kg/天。式Ⅰ的化合物和血栓素合成酶抑制物也可混合成单一的剂量形式作为合并产物给药。生产这种剂量形式的方法是熟知的。
在这个专利申请中使用的术语:
a)术语“抗血栓形成”应当释释为涉及或防止发生或降低病理性急性血栓或栓子发病率的能力。
b)词组“病理急性血栓形成发作”涉及在完整血管内形成血栓,或血流被栓子梗阻,这就可能引起心肌或大脑梗塞,中风,暂时性局部缺血发作(TIA),或其他与减少血流有关的症状和;
c)词组“治疗血栓形成疾病”应当解释为关于防止发生或降低病理性急性血栓或栓子发生率的能力。
如上所说,这些化合物也是5-羟色胺5HT2的拮抗物。这些化合物在5HT2受体上拮抗5-羟色胺的能力可通过Peroutka等在分子药理学16卷687-699(1979)中介绍的螺环哌啶酮结合试验证明。在该试验中,5HT2受体暴露于〔3H〕螺环啶酮(已知对受体有特殊亲合力的物质)和受试化合物。〔3H〕螺环哌啶酮与受体结合的降低程度即表明受试化合物对5HT2受体的亲合度
用上述方法试验了1-(4-氟苯基)-2-〔4-〔(4-甲磺酰胺基苯基)羰基〕-1-哌啶基〕-乙酮(化合物#1)和1-(4-氟苯基)-2-〔4-〔(4-乙酰胺基苯基)羰基〕-1-哌啶基〕-乙酮(化合物#2)。为了比较也试验了1-(3-吡啶基)-2-〔4-〔(4-甲磺酰胺基苯基)羰基〕-1-哌啶基〕-乙酮(化合物#3)。得以下结果
表Ⅱ
化合物 IC50
化合物#1 78nM
化合物#2 20nM
化合物#3 >5000nM
在体内化合物拮抗5HT2受体的能力按Friedman等在精神药理学通讯3卷,89-92页(1979)中叙述的5-DMT头部抽搐试验方法所证明。给小鼠5-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基色胺(DMT)使小鼠产生典型的特征性的头部抽搐。在这个试验中给小鼠5-DMT和受试化合物。没有头部抽搐的小鼠就认为受试化合物在体内试验中有拮抗5HT2受体的能力。表Ⅲ报告了所得结果:
表Ⅲ
化合物 不产生头部抽搐的ED50(mg/Kg,ip)
化合物#1 0.034
化合物#2 0.051
化合物#3 >200
这些化合物在阻断5-羟色胺与5HT2受阻断的能力可变化,这取决于所给的特定化合物,特定的治疗病种或状况和严重程度,病人情况,病人所患其他潜在病的情况,以及同时给病人的其他药物等情况。一般认为,这些化合物显示出拮抗5-羟色胺5HT2性质的剂量范围大约在0.001mg/Kg(病人体重)/天至大约4.0mg/Kg(病人体重)/天。为达到这些效果,这些化合物可口服或非肠道给药。
最近报告5-羟色胺5HT2受体有两个亚型。这两个亚型被称为5HT2A和5HT2B亚型。〔McKenna等,神经药理学,29卷,3期,193-198页(1990)和Pierce等,神经化学杂志,52卷,2期,656页(1989)〕。式Ⅰ的化合物对5HT2A受体比对5HT2B受体有较高的亲合力。这种亲合力可由McKenna和Pierce的方法证明。
因为这些化合物是5-羟色胺5HT2拮抗物,所以可治疗多种疾病情况和状态。式Ⅰ的化合物可用于治疗焦虑,各种心绞痛,神经性食欲缺乏,雷诺现象、间歇性跛行,冠状或外周血管痉挛。给病人所需足够治疗剂量的式Ⅰ中的化合物,这些疾病和症状即可缓解(即抗焦虑量,抗心绞痛量,抗食欲缺乏量等等)。这些量是在该化合物显示其5-羟色胺5HT2拮抗性质的剂量范围之内。
式Ⅰ的化合物治疗纤维肌痛也有效。如在这个专利申请中用的,与慢性病态许多症状相关的纤维肌痛,例如,广泛扩散的肌骨痛,疼痛,疲劳,初期强直和以四阶段睡眠不足为特征的睡眠紊乱。给抗纤维肌痛所需量的式Ⅰ中的化合物能缓解或减轻受试病人的症状。抗纤维肌痛的剂量是在上述剂量范围内,该剂量下这些化合物显示其5-羟色胺5HT2拮抗作用。
式Ⅰ的化合物也可用于治疗锥体束外症状,这常要伴随服用神经安定药如氟哌啶醇,冬眠灵等。这些锥体束外付作用(EPS)可以多种形式表现出来。某些病人感受类帕舍森神经机能障症状,这样的病人肌肉强直和震颤。另外的病人显示静坐不能,其特征为病人被迫需要不停的活动。少数病人感受到急性肌张力障碍反应,如面部怪相和斜颈。
按抗EPS的剂量给需要的病人服用式Ⅰ中的化合物,能缓解或减轻病人的上述症状。产生抗EPS作用所需化合物的量,是在该化合物显示其5-羟色胺拮抗作用的剂量范围内
这个专利申请使用的术语:
a)术语“焦虑”,各种心绞痛,神经性食欲缺乏,雷诺现象,和冠状血管痉挛”是按27版多伦德(Dorlomd)图解医学词典的定义解释。
b)术语“病人”是与温血动物相关的,如大鼠、小鼠、狗、猫,荷兰猪和灵长类如人,和;
c)术语“治疗”是缓解或减轻病人的疾病或状况。
式Ⅰ的化合物提高心肌组织作用潜力的持续时间,使该组织的不应期增加。因此,在Vaughan William分类系统这些化合物为Ⅲ类显示抗心律失常的活性。
本发明中的化合物具有Ⅲ类抗心律失常性质,对于治疗心脏的多种心律失常状况有效。用本发明的化合物治疗能改正的心律失常的代表性实例包括室心律失常如房心动过速,心房扑动,房纤颤,和生命凶兆性室心律失常如室心动过速,或室纤颤。这些化合物也可防止上述心律失常的复发性发作。
终止心律失常发作或预防心律失常发作所需化合物的量(即抗心律失常的量)随着给药途径,病人状况,病情严重程度,存在的其他潜在病态,和所用特定化合物而改变。然而按一般准则,如化合物为口服给药,那么较好的给药剂量大约在1.0-400mg/Kg(病人体重)/天范围以内。同样,如果化合物以非肠道给药,则剂量选在大约0.1至40mg/Kg(病人体重)/天范围之内较好。病人对药物的反应可经EKG或任何熟用的其他常规技术检控。
本专利申请使用的术语:
a)术语“心律失常”是关于心脏跳动正常节律的任何改变,和;
b)术语“抗心律失常”是关于化合物能预防或减轻心律失常
式Ⅰ的化合物能提供显著的临床效果超过目前应用的Ⅲ类抗心律失药。这些化合物显示抗焦虑,抗血栓形成以及抗心律失常的活性。心肌缺血和焦虑在心律失常的病因学方面有主要作用。因此式Ⅰ的化合物将有助于预防由于心肌缺血或焦虑引起的心律失常的发生,以及控制任何心律失常,不管其发生的病因如何。
式Ⅰ的化合物也是多巴胺的拮抗物。这些化合物拮抗多巴胺在D2受体上的作用。这种拮抗作用可由Creese等的方法证明,欧洲药理学杂志,46卷,377页(1977)。因为这些化合物是多巴胺的拮抗物,所以将能有效治疗精神病如精神分裂症,燥狂等。可以展望,这些化合物对于能用已知的多巴胺拮抗物如氟哌啶醇或硫利达嗪治疗的疾病将是有效的。因为这些化合物也是5-羟色胺5HT2拮抗物,所以可展望,这些化合物比临床医生现在应用的已知的多巴胺拮抗物如硫利达嗪和氟哌啶醇等的锥体束外的副作用发生率低。
为了显示这些抗精神病性质需要给以足够量的这些化合物,以拮抗多巴胺在多巴胺受体上的作用。显示这种拮抗作用的剂量范围变化较宽,这取决于所治疗的特定疾病,病人疾病的严重程度,病人状况,所给特定的化合物,给药途径,和病人身体存在的其他潜在病况等。化合物一般显示其抗精神病效果的剂量范围由大约0.01mg/Kg/天至大约25mg/Kg/天。最好是每天重复给药,并按上面概括的条件而改变。一般而言,这些化合物是以每天4次给药。
本专利申请中使用的术语:
a)术语“精神病”属一种状态,这种状态的病人(例如人)受到由于器质性/或情绪起因的主要精神障碍,其特征为人格错乱,失去与现实联系,常常妄想,幻觉或错觉。精神病的典型实例为可用本发明中的化合物治疗,这包括精神分裂症和燥狂。
为经口服给药,这些化合物可简述为固体或液体制剂如胶囊,丸剂,片剂,锭剂,熔化物,粉剂、悬浮剂,或乳剂。固体单位剂型可以是普通明胶型胶囊,例如常含有表面活性剂,润滑剂和惰性填料如乳糖、蔗糖和玉米淀粉或可维持其释放的制剂。在另一个具体方案中式Ⅰ的化合物可与常规的片剂基质压片,这些基质如乳糖,蔗糖,和玉米淀粉与粘合剂合并,粘合剂如阿拉伯胶,玉米淀粉或明胶,崩解剂如土豆淀粉或藻酸,润滑剂如硬脂酸或硬脂酸镁。把活性成分溶于水或非水药用溶剂制备成液体制剂,这种液体制剂也可包含熟知的悬浮剂,甜剂,调味剂和防腐剂。
为非肠道给药,化合物可溶于生理用药物载体,以溶液或悬浮液给药。作为适宜药物载体的例证是水、生理盐水,葡萄糖溶液,果糖溶液,乙醇液或动物油、菜油或合成材料。药物载体也可含防腐剂,缓冲液等这些都是熟知的。
式Ⅰ的化合物可与任何惰性载体混合并用在实验室用的熟知方法测定病人尿、血清等的化合物的浓度。
为进一步阐明本发明特举以下实例。然而,在任何意义上这些实例都不应认为限制本发明的范围。
实例1
这个实例的目的是证明制备式Ⅲ的哌啶衍生物的方法,其中X代表CO。
33.9g的N-苯基-乙酰氨(251mmol)与45gAlCl3(338mmol)混合。将该混合物放于5升园底瓶中,机械搅拌,用蒸汽浴加热至得到黑色粘溶液。
按顺序将46.0g4-氯-羰基哌啶盐酸盐(250mmol)和90g AlCl3(675mmol)加入上述溶液中,得暗红色糊状物。
该糊状用蒸汽浴加热15分钟,然后加入100ml 1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷得半透明红色溶液,再加热10分钟。
除去蒸汽浴,慢慢加入2公斤碎冰使反应停止。用50%NaOH溶液使反应溶液成碱性。这个冷的溶液用甲苯洗两次,用氯仿提取两次。合并氯仿提取液经MgSO4干燥,蒸去氯仿得黄色固体。该固体用乙酸乙酯在76℃回流洗涤并过滤,得N-〔4-(4-哌啶基-羰基)苯基〕-乙酰氨为浅黄色固体。
用下法将部分上述产物转变成盐酸加成盐。
在0℃及氩气下,用注射器把乙酰氯(0.95ml,0.86g,13.4mmol)滴加到30ml搅拌的甲醇中。然后将该溶液滴加到3.0g N-〔4-(4-哌啶-羰基)苯基〕乙酰氨(12.2mmol,上面制备的)在50ml甲醇的溶液中。
然后这个溶液回流并用回流的100ml乙醇烯释,然后深缩至75ml体积。
将该溶液冷至室温,产生中间体N-〔4-(4-哌啶基-羰基)苯基〕乙酰氨的沉淀为单盐酸盐,mp.285℃。
实例Ⅱ
这个实例的目的是证明1-(4-氟苯基)-2-〔4-〔(4-乙酰氨基苯基)-羰基〕-1-哌啶基〕-乙酮(即式Ⅰ的化合物X为CO)的制备
将2.3g(13.4mmol)2-氯-4′-氟-苯乙酮加到3.0g(12.2mmol)N-〔4-(4-哌啶-羰基)苯基〕乙酰氨在10ml水和100ml四氢呋喃的溶液中,随后加2.0g(24.4mmol)碳酸氢钠。将此混合物加热回流1.5小时,然后倒入500ml盐水中用氯仿提取,有机层用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、浓缩,得到的固体用2-丁酮/环己烷重结晶。得1-(4-氟苯基)-2-〔4-〔(4-乙酰氨基苯基)-羰基〕-1-哌啶基〕-乙酮为非标准白色固体,mp.168-170℃
实例Ⅲ
本实例的目的是为证明式Ⅲ的化合物的制备方法,其中X代表SO2。
在5立升园底瓶中将42.8g N-苯基甲磺酰胺(250mmol)与45g AlCl3(338mmol)混合,机械搅拌并用蒸汽浴加热。得黑色粘状液。
上面的溶液与46.0g 4-氯羰基哌啶盐酸盐(250mmol)和90.0g AlCl3(675mmol)得黑褐色泥浆状物。
加1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷(100ml)并将混合物再加热15分钟。停止加热,用4Kg碎冰使反应终止。得灰色沉淀。
由过滤回收沉淀,得到的固体用水,继而乙醚连续洗涤,然后空气干燥。
将得到的固体溶于热水,与活性炭混合并过滤。然后溶液冷到大约22℃,此时所要产物由溶液中沉出。
将固体过滤,干燥得N-〔4-(4-哌啶基-羰基)-苯基〕-甲磺酰胺单盐酸盐,熔点303-305℃。
实例Ⅳ
本实例的目的是要证明1-(4-氟苯基)-2-〔4-〔(4-甲磺酰胺基苯基)-羰基〕-1-哌啶基〕-乙酮(即式Ⅰ的化合物,X为SO2)的制备
将1.3g(7.5mmol)2-氯-4′-氟苯乙酮加到2.0g(6.3mmol)的N-〔4-(4-哌啶基-羰基)苯基〕-甲磺酰胺单盐酸盐在10ml水和100ml四氢呋喃的溶液中,随后加1.3g(15.7mmol)碳酸氢钠和催化量的四丁基铵碘化物。将该混合物回流大约一小时。将反应混合物倒入500ml盐水中用氯仿提取。有机层用硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩得稠油。该油用氯化氢甲醇溶液处理得固体,再由甲醇/2-丁酮重结晶得1-(4-氟苯基)-2-〔4-〔(4-甲磺酰氨基苯基)-羰基-1-哌啶基〕-乙酮为白色固体,mp.233-7℃。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US45449789A | 1989-12-21 | 1989-12-21 | |
| US454,497 | 1989-12-21 | ||
| US60465190A | 1990-11-01 | 1990-11-01 | |
| US604,651 | 1990-11-01 |
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| CN1052664A true CN1052664A (zh) | 1991-07-03 |
| CN1025853C CN1025853C (zh) | 1994-09-07 |
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| CN90110137.0A Expired - Fee Related CN1025853C (zh) | 1989-12-21 | 1990-12-20 | 制备抗血栓形成的化合物的方法 |
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| EP (1) | EP0437790B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2934323B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR0184641B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1025853C (zh) |
| AR (1) | AR247200A1 (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE133163T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU635098B2 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2032797C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69024933T2 (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK0437790T3 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2084642T3 (zh) |
| FI (1) | FI96946C (zh) |
| GR (1) | GR3018895T3 (zh) |
| HU (1) | HU210590B (zh) |
| IE (1) | IE71039B1 (zh) |
| IL (1) | IL96731A (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO176565C (zh) |
| NZ (1) | NZ236501A (zh) |
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| US5292752A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1994-03-08 | Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Antithrombotic compounds |
| DE69123052T2 (de) * | 1990-06-07 | 1997-03-06 | Merrell Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio | Derivate des 1-piperidinyl-alkanoylarylsulfonamids |
| US5478846A (en) * | 1990-06-07 | 1995-12-26 | Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 1-piperidinyl alkanoylanyl sulfonamides for treatment of cardiac arrhythmia |
| EP0661266A1 (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1995-07-05 | Toa Eiyo Ltd. | Substituted cyclic amine compounds as 5HT2 antagonists |
| JP3274579B2 (ja) * | 1995-01-12 | 2002-04-15 | 住友製薬株式会社 | 脳血管障害に伴う精神症候治療剤 |
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| US4355037A (en) * | 1981-11-12 | 1982-10-19 | Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals | 3-(4-Piperidyl)-1,2-benzisoxales |
| FR2581993B1 (fr) * | 1985-05-14 | 1988-03-18 | Synthelabo | Derives de (benzoyl-4 piperidino)-2 phenyl-1 alcanols, leur preparation et leur application en therapeutique |
| PH23283A (en) * | 1986-02-26 | 1989-06-30 | Eisai Co Ltd | Piperidine derivative, pharmaceutical composition containing the same and method of use thereof |
| DE3750580T2 (de) * | 1987-01-12 | 1995-05-24 | Dominic A Ricchio | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur verbesserten wassermassage. |
| US5093341A (en) * | 1987-12-17 | 1992-03-03 | Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. | N-aralkyl piperidine derivatives useful as antithrombolytic agents |
| US5064838A (en) * | 1988-01-21 | 1991-11-12 | Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals | 1,4-disubstituted-piperidinyl compounds as pain relievers |
| JP2969359B2 (ja) * | 1989-01-13 | 1999-11-02 | 武田薬品工業株式会社 | 環状アミン化合物 |
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1990
- 1990-12-17 NZ NZ236501A patent/NZ236501A/en unknown
- 1990-12-18 AU AU68181/90A patent/AU635098B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-12-18 FI FI906246A patent/FI96946C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1990-12-20 CN CN90110137.0A patent/CN1025853C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-12-20 DE DE69024933T patent/DE69024933T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-12-20 DK DK90124973.0T patent/DK0437790T3/da active
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1996
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