CN105079879A - Method for constructing chondroid transplant by adopting broken cartilages - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种以碎软骨构建软骨样移植体的方法，用于制备待移植的组织或器官，包括以下步骤：步骤一：利用高分子材料，通过计算机辅助快速成形技术得到中空模具，中空模具的形状与组织或器官的形状相同，中空模具的表面具有很多微孔；步骤二：在机体内切取自体软骨碎片，将自体软骨碎片填满中空模具；步骤三：将填满有自体软骨碎片的中空模具植入机体内，让机体内的组织液通过中空模具表面的孔洞渗入内部，自体软骨碎片利用组织液提供的营养粘连生长，并在中空模具的约束作用下长成整体，得到与组织或器官形状相同的软骨样移植体。本发明的以碎软骨构建软骨样移植体的方法能够减少成本、提高精确度且对机体造成损伤较小。The invention provides a method for constructing a cartilage-like graft with crushed cartilage, which is used to prepare tissues or organs to be transplanted, comprising the following steps: Step 1: using a polymer material to obtain a hollow mold through computer-aided rapid prototyping technology, the hollow mold The shape of the hollow mold is the same as the shape of the tissue or organ, and the surface of the hollow mold has many micropores; Step 2: Cut the autologous cartilage fragments in the body, and fill the hollow mold with the autologous cartilage fragments; Step 3: Fill the hollow mold with the autologous cartilage fragments The hollow mold is implanted into the body, allowing the tissue fluid in the body to penetrate into the interior through the holes on the surface of the hollow mold. The autologous cartilage fragments use the nutrition provided by the tissue fluid to adhere and grow, and grow into a whole under the constraint of the hollow mold to obtain the shape of the tissue or organ. The same cartilage-like graft. The method for constructing the cartilage-like graft with crushed cartilage can reduce the cost, improve the accuracy and cause less damage to the body.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种以碎软骨构建软骨样移植体的方法，属于医用生物技术领域。The invention relates to a method for constructing a cartilage-like graft with crushed cartilage, and belongs to the field of medical biotechnology.
背景技术Background technique
软骨是临床常用的移植材料，整块状软骨有不易塑形、易弯曲的缺点，因而又出现把软骨切成颗粒来使用的技术。颗粒软骨容易加工塑形，并且在移植手术之后还可以继续调整外形，而被广泛应用于鼻整形、颌面部填充等。Cartilage is a commonly used transplant material in clinical practice. The whole piece of cartilage has the disadvantages of being difficult to shape and easy to bend. Therefore, the technology of cutting cartilage into particles has emerged. Granular cartilage is easy to process and shape, and can continue to adjust the shape after transplantation, so it is widely used in rhinoplasty, maxillofacial filling, etc.
最早的颗粒软骨移植方法为直接填充，此法难以操作且结果不可控，因而被弃用。随后出现以金属模具塑造颗粒软骨移植体的方法，具体为在患者体内切取大块的软骨，再将软骨切成颗粒，然后放在和待移植器官形状相同的金属多孔模具中，将模具植入体内后，颗粒软骨能够按照模具的形状长成一个整体，随后必须将金属模具取出以得到颗粒软骨移植体。由于需要植入体内，因此必须选用不锈钢或钛合金等造价比较贵的金属材料，从而增加了移植手术成本。另外，金属材料的硬度和密度大，而且容易引起机体排斥反应，会对机体造成损伤。而且，车床加工出的模具精度较低，可能与待移植器官的形状不能完全匹配。The earliest method of granular cartilage grafting was direct filling, which was abandoned because it was difficult to operate and the results were uncontrollable. Then there was a method of using metal molds to shape granular cartilage grafts. Specifically, a large piece of cartilage was cut from the patient's body, and then the cartilage was cut into particles, and then placed in a metal porous mold with the same shape as the organ to be transplanted, and the mold was implanted. After in vivo, the granular cartilage can grow into a whole according to the shape of the mold, and then the metal mold must be taken out to obtain the granular cartilage graft. Because it needs to be implanted in the body, expensive metal materials such as stainless steel or titanium alloy must be used, thereby increasing the cost of the transplant operation. In addition, the hardness and density of metal materials are high, and it is easy to cause rejection by the body and cause damage to the body. Moreover, the precision of the mold processed by the lathe is low, and may not exactly match the shape of the organ to be transplanted.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明是为了解决上述问题而进行的，目的在于提供一种能够减少成本、提高精确度且不会对机体造成较大损伤的以碎软骨构建软骨样移植体的方法。The present invention is made to solve the above problems, and the purpose is to provide a method for constructing a cartilage-like graft with crushed cartilage, which can reduce the cost, improve the accuracy and will not cause great damage to the body.
本发明提供一种以碎软骨构建软骨样移植体的方法，用于制备待移植的的组织或器官，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：步骤一：利用高分子材料，通过计算机辅助快速成形技术技术得到中空模具，中空模具的形状与组织或器官的形状相同，中空模具的表面具有很多微孔；步骤二：在机体内切取自体软骨碎片，将自体软骨碎片填满中空模具；步骤三：将填满有自体软骨碎片的中空模具植入机体内，让机体内的组织液通过中空模具表面的孔洞渗入内部，自体软骨碎片利用组织液提供的营养粘连生长，并在中空模具的约束作用下长成整体，得到与组织或器官形状相同的软骨样移植体。The invention provides a method for constructing a cartilage-like graft with crushed cartilage, which is used to prepare tissues or organs to be transplanted. Obtain a hollow mold, the shape of the hollow mold is the same as that of the tissue or organ, and the surface of the hollow mold has many micropores; Step 2: Cut out the autologous cartilage fragments in the body, and fill the hollow mold with the autologous cartilage fragments; Step 3: Fill the hollow mould. The hollow mold filled with autologous cartilage fragments is implanted into the body, allowing the tissue fluid in the body to penetrate into the interior through the holes on the surface of the hollow mold. The autologous cartilage fragments use the nutrition provided by the tissue fluid to adhere and grow, and grow into a whole under the constraints of the hollow mold. A cartilage-like graft with the same shape as the tissue or organ is obtained.
进一步地，在本发明的以碎软骨构建软骨样移植体的方法中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，在步骤三中，中空模具被植入机体内的皮下组织。Furthermore, in the method of constructing a cartilage-like graft using crushed cartilage of the present invention, it may also have such a feature: wherein, in Step 3, the hollow mold is implanted into the subcutaneous tissue in the body.
进一步地，在本发明的以碎软骨构建软骨样移植体的方法中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，高分子材料为可生物降解材料。Furthermore, in the method for constructing a cartilage-like graft using crushed cartilage of the present invention, it may also have such a feature: wherein, the polymer material is a biodegradable material.
进一步地，在本发明的以碎软骨构建软骨样移植体的方法中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，可生物降解材料为聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物。Furthermore, in the method for constructing a cartilage-like graft using crushed cartilage according to the present invention, it may also have such a feature: wherein, the biodegradable material is polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer.
进一步地，在本发明的以碎软骨构建软骨样移植体的方法中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，高分子材料为不可降解材料。Furthermore, in the method for constructing a cartilage-like graft using crushed cartilage of the present invention, it may also have such a feature: wherein, the polymer material is a non-degradable material.
进一步地，在本发明的以碎软骨构建软骨样移植体的方法中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，高分子材料为高密度聚乙烯。Furthermore, in the method of constructing a cartilage-like graft using crushed cartilage of the present invention, it may also have such a feature: wherein, the high-molecular material is high-density polyethylene.
进一步地，在本发明的以碎软骨构建软骨样移植体的方法中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，步骤三还包括在自体软骨碎片长成整体后，去除中空模具。Furthermore, in the method for constructing a cartilage-like graft using crushed cartilage of the present invention, it may also have such a feature: wherein, step 3 also includes removing the hollow mold after the autologous cartilage fragments grow into a whole.
进一步地，在本发明的以碎软骨构建软骨样移植体的方法中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，自体软骨碎片的形状为片状、颗粒状、条状、螺旋状、以及不规则块状中的任意一种或几种。Further, in the method of constructing a cartilage-like graft with crushed cartilage of the present invention, it may also have such a feature: wherein, the shape of the autologous cartilage fragments is sheet shape, granular shape, strip shape, spiral shape, and irregular block any one or more of them.
进一步地，在本发明的以碎软骨构建软骨样移植体的方法中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，自体软骨碎片可为耳软骨、鼻中隔软骨、肋软骨或关节软骨的碎片中的任意一种或多种。Further, in the method of constructing a cartilage-like graft with crushed cartilage of the present invention, it may also have such a feature: wherein, the autologous cartilage fragments may be any fragments of ear cartilage, nasal septal cartilage, costal cartilage or articular cartilage one or more species.
发明作用与效果Invention function and effect
根据本发明的以碎软骨构建软骨样移植体的方法，由于利用高分子材料制作中空模具，造价远比金属材料低，因此能够降低成本；另外，高分子材料的硬度和密度小，组织反应轻，因此能大大减小对机体的损伤；According to the method of constructing cartilage-like grafts with crushed cartilage of the present invention, since the hollow mold is made of polymer materials, the cost is much lower than that of metal materials, so the cost can be reduced; in addition, the hardness and density of polymer materials are small, and the tissue reaction is light , so it can greatly reduce the damage to the body;
另外，由于中空模具的制作是通过计算机辅助快速成形技术实现的，相对于传统的车床加工技术，精度大大提高，能保证中空模具的形状与待移植器官形状的吻合。In addition, since the production of the hollow mold is realized by computer-aided rapid prototyping technology, compared with the traditional lathe processing technology, the precision is greatly improved, which can ensure that the shape of the hollow mold matches the shape of the organ to be transplanted.
另外，采用可生物降解材料制造的模具会在软骨碎片粘结为一个整体后降解，因而不需做第二次手术来取出。In addition, the mold made of biodegradable material will degrade after the cartilage fragments are bonded together, so there is no need for a second operation to remove it.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下对本发明所涉及的以碎软骨构建软骨样移植体的方法做详细阐述。The method for constructing a cartilage-like graft with crushed cartilage involved in the present invention will be described in detail below.
<实施例一><Example 1>
本实施例一的以碎软骨构建软骨样移植体的方法，能够利用自体软骨制备出缺损或缺失的组织或器官。The method for constructing a cartilage-like graft using crushed cartilage in the first embodiment can use autologous cartilage to prepare defective or missing tissues or organs.
本实施例一的方法具体通过以下技术方案实现：The method of the present embodiment 1 is specifically realized through the following technical solutions:
步骤一：确定缺损或缺失的组织或器官的形状，通过计算机辅助快速成形技术技术，制作出表面为多孔结构的中空模具。中空模具内表面的结构与该组织或器官形状完全匹配。打印材料为聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物或其他可生物降解的高分子材料。Step 1: Determine the shape of the defective or missing tissue or organ, and make a hollow mold with a porous surface through computer-aided rapid prototyping technology. The structure of the inner surface of the hollow mold exactly matches the shape of the tissue or organ. The printing material is polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer or other biodegradable polymer materials.
步骤二：从耳软骨、鼻中隔软骨、肋软骨或关节软骨等软骨中获取自体软骨碎片，并将自体软骨碎片填满步骤一中得到的中空模具。Step 2: Obtain autologous cartilage fragments from cartilage such as ear cartilage, nasal septal cartilage, costal cartilage or articular cartilage, and fill the hollow mold obtained in step 1 with the autologous cartilage fragments.
自体软骨碎片的获取手段有两种。第一种为通过手术在机体内切取整段软骨后，再切碎，形成片状、颗粒状、条状、螺旋状、或不规则块状的自体软骨碎片。第二种为通过软骨旋切器直接通过微小的切口进入机体内，在软骨表面旋转前进，磨削得到片状或螺旋状的软骨碎片。There are two ways to obtain autologous cartilage fragments. The first is to cut the entire cartilage in the body through surgery, and then chop it up to form flaky, granular, strip, spiral, or irregular block-shaped autologous cartilage fragments. The second is to use a cartilage rotary cutter to directly enter the body through a tiny incision, rotate and advance on the surface of the cartilage, and grind to obtain flaky or spiral cartilage fragments.
步骤三：将中空模具连同填充的自体软骨碎片一同植入皮下组织，机体内的组织液会通过中空模具表面的孔洞渗入内部。自体软骨碎片利用组织液提供的营养粘连生长，并在中空模具的约束作用下长成整体，也即形成软骨样移植体。软骨样移植体与中空模具内表面的形状相同，也即与缺损或缺失的组织或器官形状相同。Step 3: Implant the hollow mold together with the filled autologous cartilage fragments into the subcutaneous tissue, and the interstitial fluid in the body will penetrate into the interior through the holes on the surface of the hollow mold. The fragments of autologous cartilage adhere to grow with the nutrition provided by the interstitial fluid, and grow into a whole under the constraint of the hollow mold, that is, form a cartilage-like graft. The cartilage-like graft has the same shape as the inner surface of the hollow mold, that is, the same shape as the defective or missing tissue or organ.
填充有软骨移植体的中空模具埋植在皮下组织一段时间，中空模具会在机体的生物降解作用下分解，从而使得软骨移植体露出来。The hollow mold filled with the cartilage graft is embedded in the subcutaneous tissue for a period of time, and the hollow mold will decompose under the biodegradation of the body, thereby exposing the cartilage graft.
根据本实施例的以碎软骨构建软骨样移植体的方法，由于利用高分子材料制作中空模具，造价远比钛合金等金属材料低，因此能够降低成本；另外，高分子材料的硬度和密度小，组织反应轻，因此能大大减小对机体的损害。According to the method of constructing cartilage-like implants with crushed cartilage according to this embodiment, since the hollow mold is made of polymer materials, the cost is far lower than that of metal materials such as titanium alloys, so the cost can be reduced; in addition, the hardness and density of polymer materials are small , The tissue reaction is light, so the damage to the body can be greatly reduced.
另外，由于中空模具的制作是通过计算机辅助的快速成形技术实现的，相对于传统的车床加工技术，精度大大提高，能保证中空模具的形状与待移植的器官形状的吻合。In addition, since the production of the hollow mold is realized by computer-aided rapid prototyping technology, compared with the traditional lathe processing technology, the precision is greatly improved, which can ensure that the shape of the hollow mold matches the shape of the organ to be transplanted.
另外，由于制作中空模具的高分子材料为可生物降解材料，因此软骨碎片在中空模具内长成整体后，不需要另外去除中空模具，只需要借助机体的生物降解功能将模具分解，就能得到软骨样移植体，从而简化了操作步骤，提高了移植体的制作效率。In addition, since the polymer material used to make the hollow mold is a biodegradable material, after the cartilage fragments grow into a whole in the hollow mold, there is no need to remove the hollow mold, and only need to decompose the mold with the help of the biodegradation function of the body to obtain The cartilage-like graft body simplifies the operation steps and improves the production efficiency of the graft body.
<实施例二><Example 2>
本实施例二的以碎软骨构建软骨样移植体的方法，能够利用自体软骨制备出缺损或缺失的组织或器官The method for constructing cartilage-like grafts with crushed cartilage in the second embodiment can use autologous cartilage to prepare defective or missing tissues or organs
本实施例二的方法具体通过以下技术方案实现：The method of the second embodiment is specifically realized through the following technical solutions:
步骤一：确定缺损或缺失的组织或器官的形状，通过计算机辅助快速成形技术技术，制作出表面为多孔结构的中空模具。中空模具内表面的结构与该组织或器官形状完全匹配。打印材料为高密度聚乙烯或其他不可降解材料的高分子材料。Step 1: Determine the shape of the defective or missing tissue or organ, and make a hollow mold with a porous surface through computer-aided rapid prototyping technology. The structure of the inner surface of the hollow mold exactly matches the shape of the tissue or organ. The printing material is high-density polyethylene or other non-degradable polymer materials.
步骤二：从耳软骨、鼻中隔软骨、肋软骨或关节软骨等软骨中获取自体软骨碎片，并将自体软骨碎片填满步骤一中得到的中空模具。Step 2: Obtain autologous cartilage fragments from cartilage such as ear cartilage, nasal septal cartilage, costal cartilage or articular cartilage, and fill the hollow mold obtained in step 1 with the autologous cartilage fragments.
自体软骨碎片的获取手段有两种。第一种为通过手术在机体内切取整段软骨后，再切碎，形成片状、颗粒状、条状、螺旋状、或不规则块状的自体软骨碎片。第二种为通过软骨旋切器直接通过微小的切口进入机体内，在软骨表面旋转前进，磨削得到片状或螺旋状的软骨碎片。There are two ways to obtain autologous cartilage fragments. The first is to cut the entire cartilage in the body through surgery, and then chop it up to form flaky, granular, strip, spiral, or irregular block-shaped autologous cartilage fragments. The second is to use a cartilage rotary cutter to directly enter the body through a tiny incision, rotate and advance on the surface of the cartilage, and grind to obtain flaky or spiral cartilage fragments.
步骤三：将中空模具连同填充的自体软骨碎片一同植入皮下组织，机体内的组织液会通过中空模具表面的孔洞渗入内部。自体软骨碎片利用组织液提供的营养粘连生长，并在中空模具的约束作用下长成整体，也即形成软骨样移植体。软骨样移植体与中空模具内表面的形状相同，也即与缺损或缺失的组织或器官形状相同。Step 3: Implant the hollow mold together with the filled autologous cartilage fragments into the subcutaneous tissue, and the interstitial fluid in the body will penetrate into the interior through the holes on the surface of the hollow mold. The fragments of autologous cartilage adhere to grow with the nutrition provided by the interstitial fluid, and grow into a whole under the constraint of the hollow mold, that is, form a cartilage-like graft. The cartilage-like graft has the same shape as the inner surface of the hollow mold, that is, the same shape as the defective or missing tissue or organ.
最后，将装在中空模具内的软骨移植体通过手术从皮下组织取出后，接着去除中空模具后，得到软骨样移植体，即可用于移植。Finally, after the cartilage graft contained in the hollow mold is taken out from the subcutaneous tissue through surgery, and then the hollow mold is removed, a cartilage-like graft is obtained, which can be used for transplantation.
实施例作用与效果Function and effect of embodiment
根据本实施例的以碎软骨构建软骨样移植体的方法，由于利用高分子材料制作中空模具，造价远比钛合金等金属材料低，因此能够降低成本；另外，高分子材料的硬度和密度小，组织反应轻，因此能大大减小对机体的损害，According to the method of constructing cartilage-like implants with crushed cartilage according to this embodiment, since the hollow mold is made of polymer materials, the cost is far lower than that of metal materials such as titanium alloys, so the cost can be reduced; in addition, the hardness and density of polymer materials are small , the tissue reaction is light, so it can greatly reduce the damage to the body,
另外，由于中空模具的制作是通过计算机辅助的快速成形技术实现的，相对于传统的车床加工技术，精度大大提高，能保证中空模具的形状与待移植器官形状的吻合。In addition, since the production of the hollow mold is realized by computer-aided rapid prototyping technology, compared with the traditional lathe processing technology, the precision is greatly improved, which can ensure that the shape of the hollow mold matches the shape of the organ to be transplanted.
另外，由于制作中空模具的高分子材料为不可降解材料，虽然需要另外去除中空模具，才能得到软骨样移植体，但是不可降解材料廉价易得，从而降低了材料的成本和获取难度。In addition, since the polymer material used to make the hollow mold is a non-degradable material, although the hollow mold needs to be removed to obtain the cartilage-like graft, the non-degradable material is cheap and easy to obtain, thereby reducing the cost and difficulty of obtaining the material.
当然，本发明涉及的以碎软骨构建软骨样移植体的方法并不仅仅限定于以上实施例中的描述。Of course, the method for constructing cartilage-like grafts with crushed cartilage involved in the present invention is not limited to the descriptions in the above examples.
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