CN105028904A - Mature river crab feed and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses mature river crab feed which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25-34% of fish meal, 30-35% of soybean meal, 1-5% of cottonseed meal, 21% of corn starch, 1.4% of fish oil, 2.4% of soybean oil, 0.5% of soya lecithin, 0.5% of cholesterol, 3% of various vitamins, 2% of various minerals, 0.5% of choline chloride, 2% of an adhesive and 1.7% of wheat bran. The cottonseed meal and the soybean meal are utilized for partially replacing fish meal, so that the cost of the mature river crab feed is reduced; the feeding effect of the mature river crab feed provided by the invention is the same as or better than that of the river crab feed sold in the market.

Description

A kind of crab feed for river crabs and its application

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a river crab adult crab feed and application thereof.

Background technique

River crab is a kind of economic crab, also known as hairy crab, clear water crab, hairy crab or crab. Its chelicerae are used for feeding and fighting against enemies, and the inner and outer edges of the palm are densely covered with hairs, hence the name mitten crab. River crab has become a well-known delicacy in China for its delicious meat and rich nutrition. After years of development, the river crab breeding industry in my country has formed a complete industrial chain with a broad market and remarkable economic benefits. Therefore, various river crab feeds arise at the historic moment.

Judging from the current market situation, the main factor affecting the price of river crab compound feed is fishmeal. Although the specifications and quality of river crabs cultivated with commercially available high-end river crab compound feed are better, the price of river crab feed is quite high because the fishmeal content is as high as more than 40%. Cotton meal is a kind of reddish or yellow granular product obtained by pressing cottonseed, and then separating the residual oil. It contains more than 40% crude protein, and it is rich in essential oils for aquatic animals. Amino acids (such as arginine, etc.). Soybean meal is a by-product obtained after soybean oil is extracted, and its crude protein content is as high as 30-50%. Cotton and soybean meal are inexpensive and widely available compared to fishmeal. Therefore, on the basis of the small-scale experiments in the laboratory and the comparative feeding experiments in ponds in the early stage, the present invention intends to develop river crab feed for the purpose of reducing costs. Feed cost purposes.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of feed for river crabs, under the condition of not affecting the growth and nutritional quality of river crabs, use low-cost cotton meal and soybean meal to partially replace the fish meal in the existing river crab feed, reduce the use ratio of fish meal, reduce Reduce the amount of fishmeal used in river crab feed, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the price of river crab feed.

The invention provides a kind of river crab crab feed, which comprises the following components in terms of weight percentage: 25-34% of fish meal, 30-35% of soybean meal, 1-5% of cotton meal, 21% of corn starch, 1.4% of fish oil, and 2.4% of soybean oil. %, soybean lecithin 0.5%, cholesterol 0.5%, multidimensional 3%, multimineral 2%, choline chloride 0.5%, binder 2%, bran 1.7%.

Preferably, the feed for growing river crabs of the present invention includes the following components by weight percentage: 30% fish meal, 30% soybean meal, 5% cotton meal, 21% cornstarch, 1.4% fish oil, 2.4% soybean oil, and 0.5% soybean lecithin , cholesterol 0.5%, multidimensional 3%, multimineral 2%, choline chloride 0.5%, binder 2%, bran 1.7%.

Preferably, the feed for growing river crabs of the present invention includes the following components in weight percentage: 25% fish meal, 35% soybean meal, 5% cotton meal, 21% cornstarch, 1.4% fish oil, 2.4% soybean oil, and 0.5% soybean lecithin , cholesterol 0.5%, multidimensional 3%, multimineral 2%, choline chloride 0.5%, binder 2%, bran 1.7%.

In the crab feed of the present invention, the multidimensional per 100g includes: vitamin A420,000IU; vitamin C6000mg; vitamin E2000mg; vitamin D3120000IU; vitamin K1000mg; vitamin B11000mg; vitamin B21000mg; Vitamin B61,600mg; Vitamin B122mg; Niacin 5,000mg; Folic acid 400mg; Inositol 6,000mg; Biotin 10mg; Calcium pantothenate 3,500mg;

In the crab feed of the present invention, the polymineral per 1g includes: KCl, 28mg; MgSO ₄ ·7H ₂ O, 100mg; NaH ₂ PO ₄ , 215mg; KH ₂ PO ₄ 100mg; Ca(H ₂ PO ₄ ) ₂ H ₂ O, 265 mg; CaCO ₃ , 105 mg; C ₆ H ₁₀ CaO ₆ , 5H ₂ O, 165 mg FeC ₆ H ₅ O ₇ , 5H ₂ O, 12 mg; ZnSO ₄ , 7H ₂ O, 4.76 mg; MnSO ₄ H ₂ O, 1.07 mg; AlCl ₃ .6H ₂ O, 0.15 mg; CuCl ₂ .2H ₂ O, 0.24 mg; CoCl ₂ .6H ₂ O, 1.4 mg; KI, 0.23 mg;

The preparation and feeding method of river crab feed for crabs of the present invention are as follows: according to the formula of the present invention, the above-mentioned ingredients are coarsely mixed and pulverized for the first time, and then pulverized with a micro pulverizer to make the particle size of the material reach about 0.25mm; The raw materials are mixed evenly in a twin-shaft high-efficiency mixer, and the coefficient of variation CV is less than 5%. 3 minutes; using a single-screw extrusion granulator, according to the needs of different growth stages, to produce different sizes of sinking granules/extruded feed; put the prepared feed granules into the incubator, and keep warm at 65-75°C for about 30 minutes , blast cooling to reduce moisture to below 12%, and package as finished product. When feeding, adjust the feeding amount and set the feeding frequency reasonably according to the crab size, breeding density, weather conditions, water temperature and water quality, etc. The feed can be directly fed alone, and no other materials need to be added under normal circumstances.

The invention also proposes the application of the river crab adult crab feed in the cultivation of river crabs. The invention proposes cotton meal or cotton meal and soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal, which is applied to the feed for growing river crabs. In a specific embodiment, 5% cotton meal replaces 5% fish meal, or 10% cotton meal and soybean meal (1:1) replaces 10% fish meal.

Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention include: reducing the amount of fish meal in river crab feed, substituting low-cost cotton meal and soybean meal for fish meal in commercially available river crab feed, reducing the use ratio of fish meal, thereby saving feed cost . At the same time, from the analysis of the growth and nutritional quality indicators of male and female crabs, it can be concluded that the experimental feed with cotton meal and soybean meal replacing part of the fish meal has the same effect as the commercial river crab feed, and can achieve the same effect as the commercial river crab feed. That is, adopt the present invention, while saving the feed cost by a certain proportion, can not affect the normal growth and nutritional quality of river crabs.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the comparative figure of the influence of feed of the present invention and commercially available feed on the body color of crabs, showing that there is no significant difference in size and body color between the female and male river crabs fed with the feed of the present invention and the commercially available feed, and the body color after steaming There was no significant difference in the color of internal organs.

Fig. 2 is the impact of feed of the present invention on river crab growth (A), weight gain (B), shell width (C) shell length, shows that the female and male river crabs fed with feed of the present invention are in weight gain, shell width and shell length etc. There was no significant difference in the indicators compared with the commercially available feed.

Fig. 3 is the influence of the feed of the present invention on the water content of river crab edible viscera (A), fat content (B), protein content (C), ash content (D), shows that the female and male river crabs fed by the feed of the present invention, except male Except that the moisture content of the crab was higher than that of the control group, the content of fat, protein and ash had no significant difference compared with the commercial feed.

Fig. 4 is the feed of the present invention to the analysis result of amino acid composition in the edible viscera of river crab (A) male crab (B) female crab, shows that the content of each amino acid component in its edible viscera of river crab fed with feed of the present invention has no obvious difference with commercially available feed difference.

Figure 5 is the effect of the feed of the present invention on the weight gain of river crabs, showing that there is no significant difference in the weight gain index between the female and male river crabs fed with the feed of the present invention and the commercially available feed.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail in conjunction with the following specific examples and accompanying drawings, and the protection content of the present invention is not limited to the following examples. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, changes and advantages conceivable by those skilled in the art are all included in the present invention, and the appended claims are the protection scope. The process, conditions, reagents, experimental methods, etc. for implementing the present invention are general knowledge and common knowledge in the art except for the content specifically mentioned below, and the present invention has no special limitation content.

Embodiment one:

First, carry out the substitution ratio experiment in the laboratory: replace 1%, 5%, 10%, and 15% fish meal in the commercial feed (commercial feed) with cotton meal and soybean meal respectively, and formulate the feed according to the following formula.

Control group river crab is fed with commercial feed (commercial feed), and the prescription of described commercial feed is: fish meal 35%, soybean meal 30%, cornstarch 21%, fish oil 1.4%, soybean oil 2.4%, soybean lecithin 0.5%, Cholesterol 0.5%, multidimensional 3%, multimineral 2%, choline chloride 0.5%, binder 2%, bran 1.7%.

The formula of the feed fed by the crabs in the 1% replacement group was: 34% fish meal, 30% soybean meal, 1% cotton meal, 21% corn starch, 1.4% fish oil, 2.4% soybean oil, 0.5% soybean lecithin, 0.5% cholesterol, Multidimensional 3%, Multimineral 2%, Choline Chloride 0.5%, Adhesive 2%, Bran 1.7%.

The formula of the feed fed by the crabs in the 5% replacement group was: 30% fish meal, 30% soybean meal, 5% cotton meal, 21% corn starch, 1.4% fish oil, 2.4% soybean oil, 0.5% soybean lecithin, 0.5% cholesterol, Multidimensional 3%, Multimineral 2%, Choline Chloride 0.5%, Adhesive 2%, Bran 1.7%.

The formula of the feed fed by the crabs in the 10% replacement group was: 25% fish meal, 35% soybean meal, 5% cotton meal, 21% cornstarch, 1.4% fish oil, 2.4% soybean oil, 0.5% soybean lecithin, 0.5% cholesterol, Multidimensional 3%, Multimineral 2%, Choline Chloride 0.5%, Adhesive 2%, Bran 1.7%.

The formula of the feed fed by the river crabs in the 15% replacement group was: 20% fish meal, 40% soybean meal, 5% cotton meal, 21% cornstarch, 1.4% fish oil, 2.4% soybean oil, 0.5% soybean lecithin, 0.5% cholesterol, Multidimensional 3%, Multimineral 2%, Choline Chloride 0.5%, Adhesive 2%, Bran 1.7%.

Divide healthy and lively crab species (initial body weight 2.5±0.1g) with basically the same size and size into 5 groups (control group, 1% replacement group, 5% replacement group, 10% replacement group and 15% replacement group), each Group 30, 4 repetitions, said the initial weight. Randomly put them into 20 white plastic barrels with an effective volume of 300L, and continue to ventilate them. Put 6 tiles (20cm long, 15cm wide) and 32 plastic bellows (15cm long, 2.5cm in diameter) in each barrel as shelters , daily quantitative and regular feeding, and breeding for 10 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the body weight was weighed again, and the weight gain was calculated (weight gain = final body weight - initial body weight). The weight gain of the control group was 2.75±0.21g, the weight gain of the 1% experimental group was 2.85±0.19g, the weight gain of the 5% experimental group was 2.71±0.23g, the weight gain of the 10% experimental group was 2.68±0.18g, and the weight gain of the 15% experimental group was 2.41± 0.14g, thus it can be concluded that small-scale experiments in the laboratory have proved that substituting cotton meal and soybean meal for 1-10% fish meal in the commercial feed has no obvious effect on the body weight of river crab species.

Further, the pond breeding test was carried out with the river crab adult crab feed of the present invention, and the river crab adult crab feed used was to replace 5% fish meal in the commercially available feed (commercial feed) with 5% cottonseed meal. Control group: the crabs were reared with commercial feed (commercial feed) (Yangen brand, model 8262S, Shanghai Dajiang Aquatic Feed Technology Co., Ltd.) that is currently available in the market. The pond experiment was carried out at the base of Shanghai Songjiang Comprehensive Experimental Station. Each treatment was carried out in three parallels. The area of the control pond was 7.5 mu. One of the ponds in the test group was 8.3 mu, and the other two ponds were 7.5 mu. The test lasts from March to October, and the cycle is up to 8 months, that is, river crabs are fed with the above-mentioned existing river crab commercial feeds from the growth of crabs (about 4g) to 6-month-old crabs. The composition of the commercially available feed (commercial feed) for river crabs used is: fish meal 35%, soybean meal 30%, cornstarch 21%, fish oil 1.4%, soybean oil 2.4%, soybean lecithin 0.5%, cholesterol 0.5%, multidimensional 3%, multimineral 2%, Choline Chloride 0.5%, Binder 2%, Bran 1.7%.

Experimental group: adopt the river crab adult crab feed of the present invention, and use cotton meal and soybean meal to replace part of the fish meal in the above existing river crab feed (for example, 5%) to carry out river crab breeding. The pond experiment was carried out at the base of "Shanghai Songjiang Comprehensive Experimental Station". Each treatment was carried out in three parallels. The area of the control pond was 7.5 mu. One of the ponds in the test group was 8.3 mu, and the other two ponds were 7.5 mu. The test continues from March to October, and the cycle is as long as 8 months, that is, the river crab grows from the buckle crab (about 4g) to the adult crab for 6 months and adopts the river crab adult crab feed of the present invention (i.e. 5% cottonseed meal replaces the existing river crab In the feed, the river crab that accounts for 5% fishmeal of feed weight becomes crab feed) and feeds. The composition of the feed for river crabs of the present invention is as follows: 30% of fish meal, 30% of soybean meal, 5% of cottonseed meal, 21% of cornstarch, 1.4% of fish oil, 2.4% of soybean oil, 0.5% of soybean lecithin, 0.5% of cholesterol, and multidimensional 3 %, polymineral 2%, choline chloride 0.5%, binder 2%, bran 1.7%.

Among them, the multidimensional per 100g is composed of the following components: vitamin A, 420,000IU; vitamin C, 6,000mg; vitamin E, 2,000mg; vitamin D3, 120,000IU; vitamin K, 1,000mg; vitamin B1, 1,000mg; B2, 1,000mg; Vitamin B6, 1,600mg; Vitamin B12, 2mg; Niacin, 5,000mg; Folic acid, 400mg; Inositol, 6,000mg; Biotin, 10mg; Calcium pantothenate, 3,500mg; to 100g.

Each 1g of polymine is composed of the following components: KCl, 28mg; MgSO ₄ ·7H ₂ O, 100mg; NaH ₂ PO ₄ , 215mg; KH ₂ PO ₄ 100mg; Ca(H ₂ PO ₄ ) ₂ ·H ₂ O ,265mg; CaCO ₃ ,105mg; C ₆ H ₁₀ CaO ₆ ·5H ₂ O, 165mg; FeC ₆ H ₅ O ₇ ·5H ₂ O, 12mg; ZnSO ₄ ·7H ₂ O, 4.76mg; MnSO ₄ ·H ₂ O , 1.07 mg; AlCl ₃ .6H ₂ O, 0.15 mg; CuCl ₂ .2H ₂ O, 0.24 mg; CoCl ₂ .6H ₂ O, 1.4 mg; KI, 0.23 mg; Prepared by conventional method.

Preparation of the river crab feed of the present invention: according to the above formula, the above ingredients are coarsely mixed and pulverized for the first time, and then pulverized with a micro pulverizer to make the particle size of the material reach about 0.25mm; The machine mixes evenly, and the coefficient of variation CV<5%; after mixing evenly, put the material into the twin-shaft paddle modulator, and at the same time pass in steam and water at 85-90°C for conditioning, conditioning for 2-3 minutes; use single-screw extrusion According to the needs of different growth stages, the pellet machine can produce pellets of different sizes and sinking extruded feed; put the pellets prepared in an incubator, keep them warm at 65-75°C for about 30 minutes, and cool them with air blast to reduce the moisture to 12 Below %, the package is finished product.

The feeding method of the river crab feed of the present invention: when feeding, adjust the feeding amount according to the size of the river crab, breeding density, weather conditions, water temperature and water quality, and reasonably set the feeding frequency. The feed can be directly fed alone. Under normal circumstances, no other materials need to be added.

Through test statistics, as can be seen from Fig. 1, there is no significant difference in size and body color between the female and male river crabs fed with the crab feed of the present invention and the commercially available feed, and there is no difference in body color and visceral color after steaming. Obvious difference.

Compared with the control group, the experimental feed in the experimental group had no significant effect on the growth performance indicators of female and male river crabs, such as weight gain, shell width increment and shell length increment, as shown in Figure 2 (A), (B), and As shown in (C), the indicators are shown in Table 1 below:

Table 1

weight gain g Shell width increment cm Shell length added cm female crab commercial feed 46.46 0.73 0.93 River crab adult crab experimental feed of the present invention 41.94 0.89 1.02 T test P value 0.51 0.32 0.44 male crab commercial feed 82.74 1.11 1.21 River crab adult crab experimental feed of the present invention 80.63 1.08 0.96 T test P value 0.70 0.84 0.24

The impact on its nutritional quality, the protein, fat, ash and moisture of edible viscera, except that the water content of male crabs fed with the river crab feed of the present invention is higher than that of the control group, and the remaining indicators are compared with the control. There is no significant difference between them, as shown in Figure 3 (A), (B), (C), and (D), respectively. The specific indicators are as follows in Table 2:

Table 2

protein g fat g Ash content g Moisture g female crab commercial feed 7.01 52.45 1.13 31.99 River crab adult crab experimental feed of the present invention 7.59 48.27 1.19 34.62

T test P value 0.65 0.58 0.84 0.26 male crab commercial feed 5.8 54.55 0.97 37.22 River crab adult crab experimental feed of the present invention 7.5 42.64 1.15 40.35 T test P value 0.06 0.25 0.23 0.04

The amino acid composition analysis in the edible viscera of river crab, as can be seen from Fig. 4 (A), Fig. 4 (B), the content of each amino acid component in its edible viscera of the river crab that the river crab of the present invention becomes crab feed feeding and commercially available There was no significant difference in feed.

Embodiment two:

Control group: the feed still adopts the existing river crab commercial feed in Example 1.

Test group: adopt the river crab feed of the present invention, and use cotton meal and soybean meal to replace part of the fish meal in the above-mentioned existing river crab feed to carry out river crab feeding. The composition of the used crab feed of the present invention is as follows: 25% of fish meal, 35% of soybean meal, 5% of cotton meal, 21% of cornstarch, 1.4% of fish oil, 2.4% of soybean oil, 0.5% of soybean lecithin, 0.5% of cholesterol, multidimensional 3 %, polymineral 2%, choline chloride 0.5%, binder 2%, bran 1.7%.

Other steps and the composition of multi-dimensional and multi-mineral are identical with embodiment one. According to the test statistics, as shown in Figure 5, compared with the control group, there is no significant difference in the weight gain of male crabs and female crabs fed with the feed of the present invention.

Currently, the price of fish meal has risen to 14,500 yuan/ton, while the price of cotton meal is only 2,500 yuan/ton, and the price of soybean meal is 3,000 yuan/ton. The latest data in 2014 shows that the total output of river crab in China can reach 738,600 tons. If calculated with a feed factor of 2.5, under the condition that all compound feeds are used for crab farming, the country needs a total of 1.8465 million tons of feed. Even if the utilization rate of compound feed reaches 30%, 554,000 tons of feed will be needed. As implementing the present invention, if replace 5% fish meal in the feed with cotton meal, the whole country can save 319 million yuan, and replace 10% fish meal with cotton meal and soybean meal 1:1, then can save 637 million yuan. And from the above-mentioned experimental data, it can be seen that the above-mentioned two kinds of experimental feeds of the present invention have no negative impact on the yield of river crabs, and have no obvious negative impact on the quality of river crabs.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that other modifications or equivalent replacements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention, as long as they do not depart from the principle and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, all should be covered by this technical solution. within the scope of the claims of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. river crab becomes a crab feed, it is characterized in that, it comprises following component by weight percentage: fish meal 25 ~ 34%, dregs of beans 30 ~ 35%, cotton dregs 1 ~ 5%, cornstarch 21%, fish oil 1.4%, soya-bean oil 2.4%, soybean lecithin 0.5%, cholesterol 0.5%, multidimensional 3%, many ore deposits 2%, Choline Chloride 0.5%, adhesive 2%, wheat bran 1.7%.

2. river crab as claimed in claim 1 becomes crab feed, it is characterized in that, it comprises following component by weight percentage: fish meal 30%, dregs of beans 30%, cotton dregs 5%, cornstarch 21%, fish oil 1.4%, soya-bean oil 2.4%, soybean lecithin 0.5%, cholesterol 0.5%, multidimensional 3%, many ore deposits 2%, Choline Chloride 0.5%, adhesive 2%, wheat bran 1.7%.

3. river crab as claimed in claim 1 becomes crab feed, it is characterized in that, it comprises following component by weight percentage: fish meal 25%, dregs of beans 35%, cotton dregs 5%, cornstarch 21%, fish oil 1.4%, soya-bean oil 2.4%, soybean lecithin 0.5%, cholesterol 0.5%, multidimensional 3%, many ore deposits 2%, Choline Chloride 0.5%, adhesive 2%, wheat bran 1.7%.

4. the river crab as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 becomes crab feed, it is characterized in that, described in every 100g, multidimensional comprises: vitamin A 420,000IU; Vitamin C 6,000mg; Vitamin E2,000mg; Vitamine D3 120,000IU; Vitamin K1,000mg; VB11,000mg; Vitamin B2 1,000mg; Vitamin B6 1,600mg; Vitamin B12 2mg; Nicotinic acid 5,000mg; Folic acid 400mg; Inositol 6,000mg; Biotin 10mg; Calcium pantothenate 3,500mg; Finally be supplemented to 100g with alpha-cellulose.

5. the river crab as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 becomes crab feed, it is characterized in that, described in every 1g, many ore deposits comprise: KCl, 28mg; MgSO ₄7H ₂o, 100mg; NaH ₂pO ₄, 215mg; KH ₂pO ₄100mg; Ca (H ₂pO ₄) ₂h ₂o, 265mg; CaCO ₃, 105mg; C ₆h ₁₀caO ₆5H ₂o, 165mg; FeC ₆h ₅o ₇5H ₂o, 12mg; ZnSO ₄7H ₂o, 4.76mg; MnSO ₄h ₂o, 1.07mg; AlCl ₃6H ₂o, 0.15mg; CuCl ₂2H ₂o, 0.24mg; CoCl ₂6H ₂o, 1.4mg; KI, 0.23mg; Alpha-cellulose, 2.15mg.

6. river crab as claimed in claim 1 becomes the application of crab feed in culture of Chinese mitten crab.