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CN105006579A - Electrolyte functional additive, non-aqueous electrolyte used for lithium primary battery and lithium primary battery - Google Patents

Electrolyte functional additive, non-aqueous electrolyte used for lithium primary battery and lithium primary battery Download PDF

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CN105006579A
CN105006579A CN201510449318.2A CN201510449318A CN105006579A CN 105006579 A CN105006579 A CN 105006579A CN 201510449318 A CN201510449318 A CN 201510449318A CN 105006579 A CN105006579 A CN 105006579A
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electrolyte
lithium
primary battery
lithium primary
battery
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戴晓兵
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Zhuhai Smoothway Electronic Materials Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/16Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
    • H01M6/162Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
    • H01M6/168Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte by additives
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/16Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种能改善锂一次电池低温性能的有机电解液以及锂一次电池以及加入到电解液中的一种功能添加剂。本发明在电解液中加入一种新的电解液功能添加剂,该添加剂的化学通式为AXB或者AB,该添加剂的加入使得锂电池的内阻得到有效降低,本发电解液能明显降低锂电池的内阻,改善锂电池存放时压降过大问题,明显提高锂电池的常温及低温放电性能,大功率放电性能和高温存储性能,有效地扩大了锂一次电池的使用范围。The invention discloses an organic electrolytic solution capable of improving the low-temperature performance of a lithium primary battery, a lithium primary battery and a functional additive added to the electrolytic solution. In the present invention, a new electrolyte functional additive is added to the electrolyte. The general chemical formula of the additive is AXB or AB. The addition of the additive effectively reduces the internal resistance of the lithium battery, and the electrolyte of the present invention can significantly reduce the The internal resistance of the lithium battery improves the problem of excessive voltage drop when the lithium battery is stored, and significantly improves the normal temperature and low temperature discharge performance, high power discharge performance and high temperature storage performance of the lithium battery, effectively expanding the use of lithium primary batteries.

Description

电解液功能添加剂、用于锂一次电池的非水电解液以及锂一次电池Electrolyte functional additive, non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium primary battery and lithium primary battery

技术领域 technical field

    本发明涉及到一种锂电池电解液,属电化学领域,具体是指一种有良好常温及低温性能的锂一次电池电解液、该电解液的功能添加剂及包含了该电池电解液的锂一次电池。 The invention relates to a lithium battery electrolyte, which belongs to the field of electrochemistry, and specifically refers to a lithium primary battery electrolyte with good normal temperature and low temperature performance, a functional additive of the electrolyte, and a lithium primary battery containing the battery electrolyte. Battery.

背景技术 Background technique

 随着电子信息技术及消费电子产品的快速发展,对电池各方面的性能要求也在快速提升,特别是电池的低温放电性能,高温存储性能和大功率放电性能,这已成为锂一次电池在拓展应用领域中遇到的关键性技术难点。目前商用锂锰电池电解液的溶剂多为有机环状碳酸酯、有机醚体系,当环境温度低于-20℃时,电解液的粘度成倍增大、锂盐部分结晶析出、电导率显著降低,电池在有负载的情况下电压平台明显下降,导致电池的放电时间、容量也随之明显降低,这极大地限制了锂一次电池在低温和大功率条件下的使用。同时在高温存储条件下,一次电池的容量保持率不高,并且压降明显,这也限制了其在高温条件下使用。 With the rapid development of electronic information technology and consumer electronics products, the performance requirements for batteries are also rapidly increasing, especially the low-temperature discharge performance, high-temperature storage performance and high-power discharge performance of batteries, which have become the primary lithium battery in the expansion Key technical difficulties encountered in the application field. At present, the solvents of commercial lithium-manganese battery electrolytes are mostly organic cyclic carbonates and organic ether systems. When the ambient temperature is lower than -20°C, the viscosity of the electrolyte increases exponentially, part of the lithium salt crystallizes out, and the conductivity decreases significantly. When the battery is under load, the voltage platform drops significantly, resulting in a significant decrease in the discharge time and capacity of the battery, which greatly limits the use of lithium primary batteries under low temperature and high power conditions. At the same time, under high temperature storage conditions, the capacity retention rate of the primary battery is not high, and the pressure drop is obvious, which also limits its use under high temperature conditions.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明的目的是提供一种用于锂一次电池的新型非水有机电解液、添加到该电解液中的功能添加剂以及包含了该电解液的锂一次电池。所述电解液能明显降低锂电池的内阻,改善锂电池存放时压降过大问题,明显提高锂电池的常温及低温放电性能,大功率放电性能和高温存储性能,有效地扩大了锂一次电池的使用范围。 Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a novel non-aqueous organic electrolyte for lithium primary batteries, functional additives added to the electrolyte and lithium primary batteries containing the electrolyte. The electrolyte can significantly reduce the internal resistance of the lithium battery, improve the problem of excessive voltage drop when the lithium battery is stored, significantly improve the normal temperature and low temperature discharge performance, high power discharge performance and high temperature storage performance of the lithium battery, and effectively expand the lithium battery. battery usage range.

本发明所述电解液功能添加剂所采用的技术方案是:所述功能添加剂的化学通式为AXB或者AB,其中, The technical scheme adopted by the electrolyte functional additive of the present invention is: the chemical general formula of the functional additive is AXB or AB, wherein,

A为Cs、Rb、Sr、Ba中的一种或一种以上的混合物; A is a mixture of one or more of Cs, Rb, Sr, Ba;

X为C5H5N、(C2H5)3N、CH3CN、(CH2CN)2、(C2H4CN)2、乙二醇二甲醚(DME)或四氢呋喃(THF)中的一种或一种以上的混合物; X is C 5 H 5 N, (C 2 H 5 ) 3 N, CH 3 CN, (CH 2 CN) 2 , (C 2 H 4 CN) 2 , ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME) or tetrahydrofuran (THF ) or a mixture of more than one of them;

B为如下结构式中的一种或一种以上的混合物:PF6 -、CH3COO-、CO3 2-、BF4 -、AsF6 -、N(SO2C2F5)2 -、N(SO2CF3)2 -、N(SO2F)2 -、CF3SO3 -、ClO4 -、BC4O8 -(BOB-)、BC2O4F2 -(DFOB-)、PF3(CF2CF3)3 -(FAP-)、F-、Br-、I-、Cl-、NO3 -、SO4 2-B is one or a mixture of more than one of the following structural formulas: PF 6 - , CH 3 COO - , CO 3 2- , BF 4 - , AsF 6 - , N(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 - , N (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 - , N(SO 2 F) 2 - , CF 3 SO 3 - , ClO 4 - , BC 4 O 8 - (BOB - ), BC 2 O 4 F 2 - (DFOB - ), PF 3 (CF 2 CF 3 ) 3 - (FAP - ), F - , Br - , I - , Cl - , NO 3 - , SO 4 2- .

本发明所述锂一次电池非水电解液所采用的技术方案是:该电解液包括非水有机溶剂和电解质盐,它还包括如上所述的功能添加剂。 The technical solution adopted by the non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium primary battery in the present invention is: the electrolyte includes a non-aqueous organic solvent and an electrolyte salt, and it also includes the above-mentioned functional additives.

进一步地,所述功能添加剂在所述非水电解液中的摩尔浓度为0.001~0.1 mol/L,优选0.03~0.06 mol/L。 Further, the molar concentration of the functional additive in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.001-0.1 mol/L, preferably 0.03-0.06 mol/L.

进一步地,在所述非水电解液中还可以包括常规锂一次电池电解液添加剂,如碳酸亚乙烯酯、碳酸乙烯亚乙烯酯、1,3-丙烷磺酸内酯、1,4-丁烷磺酸内酯、氟代碳酸乙烯酯、双氟代碳酸乙烯酯、1-丙烯-1,3-磺酸内酯中的一种或一种以上的混合物;其在锂一次电池电解液中的含量为0~5.0wt%。对于本领域的技术人员来说,也可以添加除上述所列的其它常规的锂一次电池电解液添加剂,这在本发明中不受限制。 Further, the non-aqueous electrolyte can also include conventional lithium primary battery electrolyte additives, such as vinylene carbonate, ethylene vinylene carbonate, 1,3-propane sultone, 1,4-butane One or more mixtures of sultone, fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, 1-propene-1,3-sultone; its content in the electrolyte of lithium primary batteries The content is 0-5.0wt%. For those skilled in the art, other conventional lithium primary battery electrolyte additives other than those listed above may also be added, which is not limited in the present invention.

进一步地,所述非水有机溶剂为碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸丙烯酯(PC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)、γ-丁内酯(GBL),二甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇二乙醚、乙二醇甲乙醚、1,3- 二氧五环、1,3- 二氧六环、1,4- 二氧六环、乙烯砜、二甲亚砜、环丁砜、N,N- 二甲基甲酰胺,线性羧酸酯,乙酸甲酯(MA)、乙酸乙酯(EA)、乙酸丙酯(EP)、乙酸丁酯、丙酸乙酯、丙酸丙酯或丙酸丁酯中的一种或一种以上的混合物。总的来说,所述的有机溶剂为环状酯类、线性酯类、醚类、砜类的混合溶剂。除上述列举的外,还可以是本领域技术人员公知的任何常规非水有机溶剂,这在本发明中没有限制。 Further, the non-aqueous organic solvent is ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), γ- Butyrolactone (GBL), dimethyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-dioxane , 1,4-dioxane, vinylsulfone, dimethylsulfoxide, sulfolane, N,N-dimethylformamide, linear carboxylate, methyl acetate (MA), ethyl acetate (EA), acetic acid One or more mixtures of propyl ester (EP), butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate or butyl propionate. In general, the organic solvent is a mixed solvent of cyclic esters, linear esters, ethers, and sulfones. In addition to the above listed, it can also be any conventional non-aqueous organic solvent known to those skilled in the art, which is not limited in the present invention.

进一步地,所述电解质盐为LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiBOB、LiDFOB、LiFAP、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiCF3S03、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2C2F5)2、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2C4F9)2、LiC(SO2CF3)3、LiPF3(C3F7)3、LiB(CF3)4、LiBF3(C2F5)、LiI、LiCl、或LiBr中的一种或一种以上的混合物,所述电解质盐在电解液中的浓度为0.5~2.5mol/L。本发明中,其中的电解质盐的主盐为高氯酸锂,辅盐选自六氟磷酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、三氟甲基磺酸锂、双草酸硼酸锂、双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂、双(氟磺酰)亚胺锂、二氟草酸硼酸锂或无水碘化锂。 Further, the electrolyte salt is LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiBOB, LiDFOB, LiFAP, LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiCF 3 S0 3 , LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 , LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN(SO 2 C 4 F 9 ) 2 , LiC(SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 , LiPF 3 (C 3 F 7 ) 3 , LiB(CF 3 ) 4 , A mixture of one or more of LiBF 3 (C 2 F 5 ), LiI, LiCl, or LiBr, the concentration of the electrolyte salt in the electrolyte is 0.5-2.5 mol/L. In the present invention, the main salt of the electrolyte salt is lithium perchlorate, and the auxiliary salt is selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bisoxalate borate, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) Lithium imide, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium difluorooxalate borate, or anhydrous lithium iodide.

本发明所述锂一次电池所采用的技术方案是:该锂一次电池包括正极、负极、隔膜以及电解液,该锂一次电池采用如上所述的非水电解液。 The technical scheme adopted by the lithium primary battery of the present invention is: the lithium primary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator and an electrolyte, and the lithium primary battery adopts the above-mentioned non-aqueous electrolyte.

进一步地,所述负极选自金属锂或锂合金中的一种或一种以上的混合物。 Further, the negative electrode is selected from one or a mixture of metal lithium or lithium alloys.

更进一步地,所述正极包含选自Mn02、氟化石墨或氟化碳(CFx)n、V2O5、 CuO、 CuS、 FeS2、 TiS2、 Ag2CrO4、 MoO3、 Bi2O3、 Bi2Pb2O5、 Cu4O(PO4)2中的一种或一种以上的混合物,其中,(CFx)n中的X取值为0<X<1。 Furthermore, the positive electrode comprises a material selected from Mn0 2 , graphite fluoride or carbon fluoride (CF x ) n , V 2 O 5 , CuO, CuS, FeS 2 , TiS 2 , Ag 2 CrO 4 , MoO 3 , Bi A mixture of one or more of 2 O 3 , Bi 2 Pb 2 O 5 , Cu 4 O(PO 4 ) 2 , wherein the value of X in (CF x ) n is 0<X<1.

本发明的非水锂一次电池的结构没有特别的限制。例如,该非水一次电池可以是硬币型电池,包括一个正极、一个负极和单个或多个隔膜,或圆筒型或菱角形(包括软包、铝壳、钢壳、塑胶壳)电池,包括一个正极、一个负极和隔膜卷。所述隔膜可以是公知的微孔聚烯烃膜、织物或非织物。 The structure of the non-aqueous lithium primary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, the nonaqueous primary battery can be a coin-type battery, including a positive pole, a negative pole, and a single or multiple separators, or a cylindrical or rhomboidal (including soft pack, aluminum shell, steel shell, plastic shell) battery, including A positive pole, a negative pole and a separator roll. The separator can be a known microporous polyolefin film, woven or non-woven.

本发明的有益效果是:本发明中以新型功能添加剂作为锂一次电池电解液主要添加剂。电解液能明显降低锂电池的内阻,改善锂电池存放时压降过大问题,明显提高锂电池的常温及低温放电性能,大功率放电性能和高温存储性能,有效地扩大了锂一次电池的使用范围。 The beneficial effects of the present invention are: in the present invention, the novel functional additive is used as the main additive of the electrolyte solution of the lithium primary battery. The electrolyte can significantly reduce the internal resistance of the lithium battery, improve the problem of excessive voltage drop when the lithium battery is stored, significantly improve the normal temperature and low temperature discharge performance of the lithium battery, high power discharge performance and high temperature storage performance, and effectively expand the lithium primary battery. scope of use.

具体实施方式 detailed description

    下面结合具体的实施例来对本发明作更进一步的说明。 Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention will be further described.

实施例1:Example 1:

1、电解液制备:在BRAUN手套箱中配制电解液,手套箱中充满纯度为99.999%的氮气,手套箱中水分控制在≤5ppm,温度在室温。以1:1的比例加入碳酸丙烯酯和乙二醇二甲醚,然后加入LiClO4形成锂盐摩尔浓度为1.0 mol/L的锂一次电池的非水电解液,在以上非水电解液中加入CsC5H5NPF6使其得到含有0.01M的CsC5H5NPF6的非水电解液,均匀混合后,得到锂一次电池非水电解液。 1. Electrolyte preparation: The electrolyte is prepared in a BRAUN glove box filled with nitrogen gas with a purity of 99.999%, the moisture in the glove box is controlled at ≤5ppm, and the temperature is at room temperature. Add propylene carbonate and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether in a ratio of 1:1, and then add LiClO 4 to form a lithium salt molar concentration of 1.0 mol/L lithium primary battery non-aqueous electrolyte, add to the above non-aqueous electrolyte CsC 5 H 5 NPF 6 to obtain a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing 0.01M CsC 5 H 5 NPF 6 , and after uniform mixing, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for lithium primary batteries was obtained.

2、锂硫化亚铁AA型电池的制备:采用FeS2为正极材料,以通用技术制作正极片,金属Li为负极材料,以通用技术制作负极锂带,正负极片之间插入锂电池专用隔膜,采取卷绕方式将正负极片制作成电芯,电芯放入5号AA电池外壳内,分别注入2.0g上述各实施例和对比例中所得的电解液后,钢珠封口、清洗即得到各相应的锂铁电池。 测试:将实施例1制得的锂铁电池分别进行1000mA连放测试放电至0.8V,每种电池分别在室温下、低温和高温条件下进行测试,大功率放电在2000mA进行连放测试。 2. Preparation of lithium ferrous sulfide AA battery: FeS 2 is used as the positive electrode material, the positive electrode piece is made by general technology, metal Li is used as the negative electrode material, the negative electrode lithium strip is made by general technology, and the lithium battery is inserted between the positive and negative electrode pieces Diaphragm, the positive and negative pole pieces are made into electric cores by winding method, and the electric cores are put into the shell of AA battery No. 5. After injecting 2.0g of the electrolyte obtained in the above-mentioned embodiments and comparative examples, the steel balls are sealed and cleaned. Each corresponding lithium-iron battery was obtained. Test: The lithium-iron batteries prepared in Example 1 were subjected to 1000mA continuous discharge test and discharged to 0.8V. Each battery was tested at room temperature, low temperature and high temperature respectively, and high-power discharge was performed at 2000mA for continuous discharge test.

3、锂二氧化锰2032扣电制备:采用MnO2为正极材料,以通用技术制作正极片,装配电池前正极片分别使用上述各实施例和对比例所得的有机电解液浸泡6小时,金属锂为负极材料,以通用技术制作负极锂片,正负极片之间插入锂电池专用隔膜,采取叠片方式将正负极片制作成电芯,电芯放入CR2032专用扣式电池外壳内,分别注入上述各实施例和对比例所得的有机电解液,电动压机卷边封口,清洗后即得到各相应的CR2032扣式锂锰电池。制作好的各CR2032扣式锂锰电池分别在常温20°C、低温-20°C环境下进行15000欧姆恒阻放电至2.0V,大倍率放电按照1000欧姆进行恒阻放电至2.0V。 3. Lithium manganese dioxide 2032 button battery preparation: adopt MnO 2 as the positive electrode material, make the positive electrode sheet with general technology, use the organic electrolyte solution that above-mentioned each embodiment and comparative example obtains to soak 6 hours respectively in the positive electrode sheet before assembling the battery, metal lithium It is the negative electrode material, and the negative electrode lithium sheet is made by general technology. The special diaphragm for lithium battery is inserted between the positive and negative electrode sheets, and the positive and negative electrode sheets are made into batteries by lamination. The organic electrolytes obtained in the above-mentioned examples and comparative examples were respectively injected, and the electric press was crimped and sealed, and after cleaning, each corresponding CR2032 button-type lithium-manganese battery was obtained. The manufactured CR2032 button lithium-manganese batteries were subjected to 15000 ohm constant resistance discharge to 2.0V at normal temperature of 20°C and low temperature of -20°C respectively, and high-rate discharge to 1000 ohm constant resistance discharge to 2.0V.

在本发明中,还进行实施例2~6的试验,以及对比例1~3的对比试验,实施例和对比例的配制方法参照实施例1的配制方法进行。 In the present invention, the tests of Examples 2-6 and the comparative tests of Comparative Examples 1-3 are also carried out, and the preparation methods of Examples and Comparative Examples are carried out with reference to the preparation method of Example 1.

如表1至表2所示,本发明进行的实施例和对比例的各项指标和性能测试如表中所示。 As shown in Table 1 to Table 2, the various indicators and performance tests of the embodiments and comparative examples carried out by the present invention are as shown in the table.

    表1:对比例1~3、实施例1~6使用的电池正、负极和溶剂材料和含量对比表。 Table 1: Comparison table of battery positive and negative electrodes and solvent materials and contents used in Comparative Examples 1-3 and Examples 1-6.

表2:对比例1~3、实施例1~6中的电解质盐及盐浓度、添加剂及添加剂用量以及进行电池测试时,放电性能的对比表。 Table 2: Comparison table of electrolyte salts and salt concentrations, additives and additive dosages in Comparative Examples 1-3 and Examples 1-6, and discharge performance during battery tests.

   如表1至表2所示,本发明进行了6组实施例,同时也进行了3组比较例来与实施例进行对比。从实施例可以看出,新型添加剂的加入明显提高锂电池的常温及低温放电性能,大功率放电性能,有效的减少高温存储时内阻增加及高温存储容量保持率,有效地扩大了锂一次电池的使用范围。 As shown in Table 1 to Table 2, the present invention has carried out 6 groups of embodiments, and also carried out 3 groups of comparative examples to compare with the embodiments. It can be seen from the examples that the addition of new additives significantly improves the normal temperature and low temperature discharge performance of lithium batteries, high power discharge performance, effectively reduces the increase in internal resistance during high temperature storage and the retention rate of high temperature storage capacity, and effectively expands the capacity of lithium primary batteries. range of use.

上述实施例只是发明人对本发明进行的若干个实施例的说明,当然实施例中也可以是其它的功能添加剂,如CsBF4、CsAsF6、CsN(SO2C2F5)2、CsN(SO2CF3)2、CsCF3SO3、CsClO4、CsF、CsCl、Cs2SO4,RbBF4、RbAsF6、RbN(SO2C2F5)2、RbN(SO2CF3)2、RbCF3SO3、RbClO4、RbF、RbCl、Rb2SO4,Sr(BF4)2、Sr(AsF6)2、Sr(N(SO2C2F5)2)2、Sr(N(SO2CF3)2)2、Sr(CF3SO3)2、Sr(ClO4)2、SrF2、SrCl2、SrSO4,Ba(BF4)2、Ba(AsF6)2、Ba(N(SO2C2F5)2)2、Ba(N(SO2CF3)2)2、Ba(CF3SO3)2、Ba(ClO4)2、BaF2、BaCl2、BaSO4,Cs(CH2CN)2BF4、Rb(CH2CN)2ClO4、Sr(CH2CN)2CO3、Ba(CH2CN)2(CF3SO3)2, Cs(C2H4CN)2CH3COO、Rb(C2H4CN)2F、Sr(C2H4CN)2I2、Ba(C2H4CN)2(CF3SO3)2,等等,均能达到本发明所述的效果。因篇幅所限,在此就不一一列举。上述实施例对本发明作了详细的说明,但并不意味着本发明仅仅局限于这些实例。在不脱离本发明技术原理的情况下,对其进行改进和变形在本发明权利要求和技术之内,也应属于本发明的保护范围。 The above-mentioned embodiments are only descriptions of several embodiments of the present invention carried out by the inventor, and of course other functional additives may also be used in the embodiments, such as CsBF 4 , CsAsF 6 , CsN(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 , CsN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , CsCF 3 SO 3 , CsClO 4 , CsF, CsCl, Cs 2 SO 4 , RbBF 4 , RbAsF 6 , RbN(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 , RbN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , RbCF 3 SO 3 , RbClO 4 , RbF, RbCl, Rb 2 SO 4 , Sr(BF 4 ) 2 , Sr(AsF 6 ) 2 , Sr(N(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 ) 2 , Sr(N(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ) 2 , Sr(CF 3 SO 3 ) 2 , Sr(ClO 4 ) 2 , SrF 2 , SrCl 2 , SrSO 4 , Ba(BF 4 ) 2 , Ba(AsF 6 ) 2 , Ba(N (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 ) 2 , Ba(N(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ) 2 , Ba(CF 3 SO 3 ) 2 , Ba(ClO 4 ) 2 , BaF 2 , BaCl 2 , BaSO 4 , Cs(CH 2 CN) 2 BF 4 , Rb(CH 2 CN) 2 ClO 4 , Sr(CH 2 CN) 2 CO 3 , Ba(CH 2 CN) 2 (CF 3 SO 3 ) 2 , Cs(C 2 H 4 CN) 2 CH 3 COO, Rb(C 2 H 4 CN) 2 F, Sr(C 2 H 4 CN) 2 I 2 , Ba(C 2 H 4 CN) 2 (CF 3 SO 3 ) 2 , etc. , all can reach the effect described in the present invention. Due to space limitations, they are not listed here. The above-mentioned examples illustrate the present invention in detail, but it does not mean that the present invention is limited to these examples only. Without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, improvements and deformations thereof are within the claims and technology of the present invention, and shall also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1.一种用于一次电池电解液的功能添加剂,其特征在于:所述功能添加剂的化学通式为AXB或者AB,其中, 1. A functional additive for primary battery electrolyte, characterized in that: the general chemical formula of the functional additive is AXB or AB, wherein, A为Cs、Rb、Sr、Ba中的一种或一种以上的混合物; A is a mixture of one or more of Cs, Rb, Sr, Ba; X为C5H5N、(C2H5)3N、CH3CN、(CH2CN)2、(C2H4CN)2、乙二醇二甲醚(DME)或四氢呋喃(THF)中的一种或一种以上的混合物; X is C 5 H 5 N, (C 2 H 5 ) 3 N, CH 3 CN, (CH 2 CN) 2 , (C 2 H 4 CN) 2 , ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME) or tetrahydrofuran (THF ) or a mixture of more than one of them; B为如下结构式中的一种或一种以上的混合物:PF6 -、CH3COO-、CO3 2-、BF4 -、AsF6 -、N(SO2C2F5)2 -、N(SO2CF3)2 -、N(SO2F)2 -、CF3SO3 -、ClO4 -、BC4O8 -(BOB-)、BC2O4F2 -(DFOB-)、PF3(CF2CF3)3 -(FAP-)、F-、Br-、I-、Cl-、NO3 -、SO4 2-B is one or a mixture of more than one of the following structural formulas: PF 6 - , CH 3 COO - , CO 3 2- , BF 4 - , AsF 6 - , N(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 - , N (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 - , N(SO 2 F) 2 - , CF 3 SO 3 - , ClO 4 - , BC 4 O 8 - (BOB - ), BC 2 O 4 F 2 - (DFOB - ), PF 3 (CF 2 CF 3 ) 3 - (FAP - ), F - , Br - , I - , Cl - , NO 3 - , SO 4 2- . 2.一种用于锂一次电池的非水电解液,该电解液包括非水有机溶剂和电解质盐,其特征在于:它还包括如权利要求1所述的功能添加剂。 2. A non-aqueous electrolytic solution for a lithium primary battery, the electrolytic solution comprising a non-aqueous organic solvent and an electrolyte salt, characterized in that: it also includes the functional additive as claimed in claim 1. 3.根据权利要求2所述的电解液,其特征在于:所述功能添加剂在所述非水电解液中的摩尔浓度为0.001~0.1 mol/L,优选0.03~0.06 mol/L。 3. The electrolyte solution according to claim 2, characterized in that: the molar concentration of the functional additive in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is 0.001-0.1 mol/L, preferably 0.03-0.06 mol/L. 4.根据权利要求2所述的电解液,其特征在于:所述非水有机溶剂为碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸丙烯酯(PC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)、γ-丁内酯(GBL),二甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇二乙醚、乙二醇甲乙醚、1,3- 二氧五环、1,3- 二氧六环、1,4- 二氧六环、乙烯砜、二甲亚砜、环丁砜、N,N- 二甲基甲酰胺,线性羧酸酯,乙酸甲酯(MA)、乙酸乙酯(EA)、乙酸丙酯(EP)、乙酸丁酯、丙酸乙酯、丙酸丙酯或丙酸丁酯中的一种或一种以上的混合物。 4. electrolytic solution according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described nonaqueous organic solvent is ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate ( DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), γ-butyrolactone (GBL), dimethyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, 1,3- Dioxane, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, vinylsulfone, dimethylsulfoxide, sulfolane, N,N-dimethylformamide, linear carboxylate, methyl acetate One or more mixtures of ester (MA), ethyl acetate (EA), propyl acetate (EP), butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate or butyl propionate. 5.根据权利要求2所述的电解液,其特征在于:所述电解质盐为LiPF6、 LiBF4、 LiClO4、LiBOB、LiDFOB、LiFAP、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiCF3S03、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2C2F5)2、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2C4F9)2、LiC(SO2CF3)3、LiPF3(C3F7)3、LiB(CF3)4或LiBF3(C2F5)、LiI、LiCl、和LiBr中的一种或一种以上的混合物,所述电解质盐在电解液中的浓度为0.5~2.5mol/L。 5. The electrolyte solution according to claim 2, characterized in that: the electrolyte salt is LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiBOB, LiDFOB, LiFAP, LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiCF 3 S0 3 , LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 , LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN(SO 2 C 4 F 9 ) 2 , LiC(SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 , LiPF 3 (C 3 F 7 ) 3 , LiB(CF 3 ) 4 or LiBF 3 (C 2 F 5 ), LiI, LiCl, and a mixture of one or more of LiBr, the concentration of the electrolyte salt in the electrolyte is 0.5~2.5mol/L. 6.一种锂一次电池,包括正极、负极、隔膜以及电解液,其特征在于:该锂一次电池采用如权利要求2所述的非水电解液。 6. A lithium primary battery, comprising a positive pole, a negative pole, a diaphragm and an electrolyte, characterized in that: the lithium primary battery uses the non-aqueous electrolyte as claimed in claim 2. 7.根据权利要求6所述的锂一次电池,其特征在于:所述负极选自金属锂或锂合金中的一种或一种以上的混合物。 7 . The lithium primary battery according to claim 6 , wherein the negative electrode is selected from one or more mixtures of metal lithium or lithium alloys. 8.根据权利要求6所述的锂一次电池,其特征在于:所述正极包含选自Mn02、氟化石墨或氟化碳(CFx)n、V2O5、 CuO、 CuS、 FeS2、 TiS2、 Ag2CrO4、 MoO3、 Bi2O3、 Bi2Pb2O5、 Cu4O(PO4)2中的一种或一种以上的混合物,其中,(CFx)n中的X取值为0<X<1。 8. The lithium primary battery according to claim 6, characterized in that: the positive electrode contains materials selected from Mn0 2 , graphite fluoride or carbon fluoride (CF x ) n , V 2 O 5 , CuO, CuS, FeS 2 , TiS 2 , Ag 2 CrO 4 , MoO 3 , Bi 2 O 3 , Bi 2 Pb 2 O 5 , Cu 4 O(PO 4 ) 2 or a mixture of more than one, wherein (CF x ) n The value of X in is 0<X<1.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105977536A (en) * 2016-07-08 2016-09-28 珠海市赛纬电子材料股份有限公司 Electrolyte functional additive, non-aqueous lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery
CN106450365A (en) * 2016-07-22 2017-02-22 惠州市惠德瑞锂电科技股份有限公司 Anticorrosive electrolyte of lithium battery and obtained lithium primary battery
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CN112271306B (en) * 2020-10-30 2022-03-25 上海空间电源研究所 Low-temperature electrolyte for lithium-cobalt disulfide primary battery and lithium-cobalt disulfide primary battery
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