CN104950022A - Denitrification rate measuring method and measuring device for engine - Google Patents
Denitrification rate measuring method and measuring device for engine Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. by adjusting the dosing of reducing agent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- G01N27/4074—Composition or fabrication of the solid electrolyte for detection of gases other than oxygen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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Abstract
本发明提供用于发动机的脱硝率测定方法和测定装置。使用能在废气路径中的发动机和催化式脱硝装置之间检测NOx浓度的第一氧化锆式NOx传感器，以及能在催化式脱硝装置和废气涡轮增压器之间检测NOx浓度的第二氧化锆式NOx传感器，将第一氧化锆式NOx传感器的检测值设为NOx·inlet，将第二氧化锆式NOx传感器的检测值设为NOx·outlet，并将用于修正检测环境中的气体压力和废气中所含的SOx对传感器检测值带来的影响的修正系数设为α，使用算式(NOx·inlet×α－NOx·outlet×α)/NOx·inlet×α且通过约分消去α而求出脱硝率。
The invention provides a method and a device for measuring the denitrification rate of an engine. Using a first zirconia-type NOx sensor capable of detecting NOx concentration between the engine and the catalytic denitrification device in the exhaust gas path, and a second zirconia-based NOx sensor capable of detecting the NOx concentration between the catalytic denitrification device and the exhaust gas turbocharger Type NOx sensor, set the detection value of the first zirconia NOx sensor as NOx·inlet, and the detection value of the second zirconia type NOx sensor as NOx·outlet, which will be used to correct the gas pressure and The correction coefficient for the influence of SOx contained in the exhaust gas on the sensor detection value is set to α, and the formula (NOx·inlet×α-NOx·outlet×α)/NOx·inlet×α is used to obtain denitrification rate.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及用于发动机的脱硝率测定方法和用于实施该方法的测定装置。The invention relates to a method for measuring the denitrification rate of an engine and a measuring device for implementing the method.
背景技术Background technique
船用发动机大多采用二冲程式的柴油发动机，但是为了除去船用发动机的废气中所含的氮氧化物(NOx)，使用催化式脱硝装置。使用所述催化式脱硝装置时，在脱硝装置内向废气以喷雾方式喷射尿素水，喷雾的尿素成分通过水解而氨化，所述氨利用催化剂的作用与氮氧化物发生反应，进而转换为无害的氮气和水。Most marine engines use two-stroke diesel engines, but in order to remove nitrogen oxides (NOx) contained in the exhaust gas of the marine engines, catalytic denitrification devices are used. When the catalytic denitrification device is used, urea water is sprayed into the exhaust gas in the denitrification device, and the sprayed urea component is hydrolyzed and ammonified. of nitrogen and water.
使用这种催化式脱硝装置时，为了使最终排出的气体中的氮氧化物的排出量在限制值以下，需要控制脱硝装置的脱硝率。When such a catalytic denitration device is used, it is necessary to control the denitration rate of the denitration device in order to keep the discharge amount of nitrogen oxides in the finally discharged gas below a limit value.
例如专利文献1公开的系统不是在发动机的废气路径而是在锅炉的废气路径中，设置有不是供给尿素而是供给氨的供给喷嘴以及催化式脱硝装置。所述系统测定催化式脱硝装置的上游侧和下游侧的废气路径内的氮氧化物浓度，并控制氨供给量，以使最终排出的气体中的氮氧化物的排出量成为预定的排出控制值。For example, the system disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a supply nozzle for supplying ammonia instead of urea and a catalytic denitrification device in the exhaust gas path of the boiler instead of the engine exhaust gas path. The system measures the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas path on the upstream side and downstream side of the catalytic denitrification device, and controls the ammonia supply amount so that the emission amount of nitrogen oxides in the finally discharged gas becomes a predetermined emission control value .
专利文献1：日本专利公开公报特开2003-290630号Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2003-290630
即使如专利文献1所记载的那样在废气的产生源为锅炉时不发生问题，但是在废气的产生源为发动机时会产生下述问题。Even though no problem occurs when the source of exhaust gas is a boiler as described in Patent Document 1, the following problems arise when the source of exhaust gas is an engine.
即，在船用的例如二冲程的发动机的情况下，通常在发动机的废气路径中设置废气涡轮增压器，催化式脱硝装置设置在发动机和涡轮增压器之间，即设置在比涡轮增压器的涡轮高压侧。这是因为，如果不是设置在比涡轮增压器的涡轮高压侧的废气温度高的部分，则催化式脱硝装置不能充分工作。当设置在比涡轮增压器靠向下游侧时，由于废气的温度低，所以即便设置催化式脱硝装置也不能充分工作。That is, in the case of a marine engine such as a two-stroke engine, an exhaust gas turbocharger is usually arranged in the exhaust gas path of the engine, and the catalytic denitrification device is arranged between the engine and the turbocharger, that is, it is arranged at a ratio higher than that of the turbocharger. the high pressure side of the turbine. This is because the catalytic denitrification device cannot sufficiently operate unless it is installed in a part where the temperature of the exhaust gas is higher than that of the turbo high-pressure side of the turbocharger. When installed on the downstream side of the turbocharger, the temperature of the exhaust gas is low, so even if the catalytic denitrification device is installed, it cannot work sufficiently.
其结果，用于检测氮氧化物浓度的传感器成为在高压环境下使用的状态。用于检测氮氧化物浓度的传感器通常采用氧化锆式(ZRDO式)的NOx传感器，但是所述传感器具有灵敏度取决于压力而变动的性质。因此，通常氧化锆式的传感器与压力传感器合并使用，需要根据所述压力传感器的检测结果进行灵敏度修正。可是，此时又存在系统复杂且昂贵的问题。As a result, the sensor for detecting the concentration of nitrogen oxides is used in a high-pressure environment. A zirconia-type (ZRDO-type) NOx sensor is generally used as a sensor for detecting the concentration of nitrogen oxides, but the sensor has a property that its sensitivity varies depending on pressure. Therefore, generally, a zirconia-type sensor is used in combination with a pressure sensor, and sensitivity correction needs to be performed based on the detection results of the pressure sensor. However, in this case, there is a problem that the system is complicated and expensive.
此外，由于船用燃料含有硫磺，所以船用发动机的废气中含有硫氧化物(SOx)。可是，在存在硫氧化物的条件下，氧化锆式的NOx传感器还存在灵敏度下降的问题。In addition, since marine fuel contains sulfur, marine engine exhaust contains sulfur oxides (SOx). However, the zirconia-type NOx sensor also has a problem of a decrease in sensitivity in the presence of sulfur oxides.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明用于解决上述问题，目的是提供如下的用于发动机的脱硝率测定方法和测定装置，当使用氧化锆式的NOx传感器控制发动机的废气路径中设置的催化式脱硝装置的运转状况时，能够防止因传感器灵敏度变动而导致测定值和控制量产生误差。The present invention is used to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the purpose is to provide the following denitrification rate measuring method and measuring device for the engine. It is possible to prevent errors in measured values and control quantities caused by changes in sensor sensitivity.
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供一种用于发动机的脱硝率测定方法，当测定在发动机的废气路径中依次配置有催化式脱硝装置和废气涡轮增压器的系统的脱硝率时，使用能在所述废气路径中的发动机和催化式脱硝装置之间的部分检测NOx浓度的第一氧化锆式NOx传感器，以及能在所述废气路径中的催化式脱硝装置和废气涡轮增压器之间的部分检测NOx浓度的第二氧化锆式NOx传感器，将第一氧化锆式NOx传感器的检测值设为NOx·inlet，将第二氧化锆式NOx传感器的检测值设为NOx·outlet，并将用于修正检测环境中的气体压力和废气中所含的SOx对氧化锆式NOx传感器的检测值带来的影响的修正系数设为α，使用算式(NOx·inlet×α－NOx·outlet×α)/NOx·inlet×α且通过约分消去α而求出脱硝率。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for measuring the denitrification rate of the engine. When measuring the denitrification rate of the system in which the catalytic denitrification device and the exhaust gas turbocharger are sequentially arranged in the exhaust gas path of the engine, the The first zirconia NOx sensor for detecting the NOx concentration in the part between the engine and the catalytic denitrification device in the exhaust gas path, and the part between the catalytic denitrification device and the exhaust gas turbocharger in the exhaust gas path For the second zirconia-type NOx sensor that partially detects the NOx concentration, set the detection value of the first zirconia-type NOx sensor as NOx·inlet and the detection value of the second zirconia-type NOx sensor as NOx·outlet, and use The correction coefficient for correcting the influence of the gas pressure in the detection environment and the SOx contained in the exhaust gas on the detection value of the zirconia-type NOx sensor is set to α, and the formula (NOx·inlet×α-NOx·outlet×α) is used /NOx·inlet × α, and the denitration rate can be obtained by subtracting α.
本发明的用于发动机的脱硝率测定装置在发动机的废气路径中依次配置有催化式脱硝装置和废气涡轮增压器，设置有能在所述废气路径中的发动机和催化式脱硝装置之间的部分检测NOx浓度的第一氧化锆式NOx传感器，以及能在所述废气路径中的催化式脱硝装置和废气涡轮增压器之间的部分检测NOx浓度的第二氧化锆式NOx传感器，并且设置有测定脱硝率的装置，将第一氧化锆式NOx传感器的检测值设为NOx·inlet，将第二氧化锆式NOx传感器的检测值设为NOx·outlet，并将用于修正检测环境中的气体压力和废气中所含的SOx对氧化锆式NOx传感器的检测值带来的影响的修正系数设为α，使用算式(NOx·inlet×α－NOx·outlet×α)/NOx·inlet×α且通过约分消去α而测定脱硝率。In the denitrification rate measuring device for engine of the present invention, a catalytic denitrification device and an exhaust gas turbocharger are sequentially arranged in the exhaust gas path of the engine, and a device capable of being installed between the engine and the catalytic denitrification device in the exhaust gas path is provided. a first zirconia type NOx sensor that partially detects the NOx concentration, and a second zirconia type NOx sensor capable of detecting the NOx concentration at a portion between the catalytic denitration device and the exhaust gas turbocharger in the exhaust gas path, and setting There is a device for measuring the denitrification rate. The detection value of the first zirconia NOx sensor is set as NOx inlet, and the detection value of the second zirconia NOx sensor is set as NOx outlet, which will be used to correct the detection environment. The correction coefficient for the influence of the gas pressure and SOx contained in the exhaust gas on the detection value of the zirconia-type NOx sensor is set to α, and the formula (NOx·inlet×α-NOx·outlet×α)/NOx·inlet×α is used And the denitrification rate was measured by subtracting α by approximation.
按照本发明，由于把用于测定脱硝率的第一氧化锆式NOx传感器和第二氧化锆式NOx传感器都设置在比废气涡轮增压器靠向上游侧的废气路径中、即设置在高压且包含SOx的部分上，以检测NOx浓度，所以能够使上述第一氧化锆式NOx传感器和第二氧化锆式NOx传感器所受到的压力及SOx的影响相等。即，如上述算式所示，针对第一氧化锆式NOx传感器的检测值NOx·inlet以及第二氧化锆式NOx传感器的检测值NOx·outlet可以使上述算式中的修正系数α的值相等。According to the present invention, since both the first zirconia-type NOx sensor and the second zirconia-type NOx sensor for measuring the denitrification rate are arranged in the exhaust gas path closer to the upstream side than the exhaust gas turbocharger, that is, in the high-pressure and The portion containing SOx is used to detect the concentration of NOx, so that the influence of pressure and SOx on the first zirconia-type NOx sensor and the second zirconia-type NOx sensor can be equalized. That is, as shown in the above formula, the value of the correction coefficient α in the above formula can be made equal to the detection value NOx·inlet of the first zirconia type NOx sensor and the detection value NOx·outlet of the second zirconia type NOx sensor.
因此，在上述算式中能够通过约分消去α，结果上述算式可以变形为检测环境中的气体压力和废气中所含的SOx对氧化锆式NOx传感器的检测值带来的影响相抵消、即消去修正系数α的(NOx·inlet－NOx·outlet)/NOx·inlet的形式。Therefore, α can be eliminated by reduction in the above formula, and as a result, the above formula can be transformed to detect the gas pressure in the environment and the influence of SOx contained in the exhaust gas on the detection value of the zirconia-type NOx sensor. The form of (NOx·inlet-NOx·outlet)/NOx·inlet of the correction coefficient α.
另外，废气经过催化式脱硝装置而产生的压力损失微小，可以忽略。因此，可以认为废气路径中的催化式脱硝装置的上游侧和下游侧的压力相等，这是上述算式成立的前提条件。In addition, the pressure loss generated by the exhaust gas passing through the catalytic denitrification device is small and can be ignored. Therefore, it can be considered that the pressures on the upstream side and the downstream side of the catalytic denitrification device in the exhaust gas path are equal, which is a prerequisite for the above formula to hold true.
此外，实际上第二氧化锆式NOx传感器的检测值受到催化式脱硝装置中未完全反应的氨(漏氨)的影响，但是只要向脱硝装置内填充的催化剂适量且不大幅地过度投放尿素水和氨等还原剂，则漏氨的浓度微小，所以其对氧化锆式NOx传感器的检测值产生的影响也微小，因而可以忽略。In addition, in fact, the detection value of the second zirconia NOx sensor is affected by the incompletely reacted ammonia (ammonia leakage) in the catalytic denitrification device, but as long as the catalyst filled in the denitrification device is an appropriate amount and the urea water is not excessively injected And ammonia and other reducing agents, the concentration of ammonia leakage is small, so its influence on the detection value of the zirconia NOx sensor is also small, so it can be ignored.
按照本发明，利用氧化锆式的氮氧化物浓度传感器测定催化式脱硝装置的脱硝率时，可以防止由于检测环境中的废气压力和废气中所含的SOx的影响带来的传感器灵敏度变动而导致测定值产生误差。此外，即使在废气压力和废气中所含的SOx对传感器灵敏度带来的影响程度未知的情况下，也可以测定脱硝率。因此，按照本发明，在利用脱硝率的测定值控制催化式脱硝装置的运转状况时，可以防止由于脱硝率的测定误差而产生控制误差。According to the present invention, when the denitrification rate of the catalytic denitrification device is measured by the zirconia-type nitrogen oxide concentration sensor, it is possible to prevent the sensitivity of the sensor from changing due to the influence of the exhaust gas pressure in the detection environment and the SOx contained in the exhaust gas. There is an error in the measured value. In addition, it is possible to measure the denitration rate even when the degree of influence of the exhaust gas pressure and the SOx contained in the exhaust gas on the sensor sensitivity is unknown. Therefore, according to the present invention, when using the measured value of the denitration rate to control the operation status of the catalytic denitration device, it is possible to prevent control errors due to the measurement error of the denitration rate.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是表示本发明实施方式的用于发动机的脱硝率测定装置的结构的图。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a denitration rate measuring device for an engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2是表示脱硝率的测定结果的坐标图。Fig. 2 is a graph showing the measurement results of the denitration rate.
附图标记说明Explanation of reference signs
1 柴油机1 diesel engine
2 废气路径2 Exhaust gas path
3 催化式脱硝装置3 Catalytic denitrification device
4 涡轮增压器4 turbochargers
4a 涡轮4a turbo
4b 压缩机4b Compressor
6 第一氧化锆式(ZRDO式)NOx传感器6 The first zirconia type (ZRDO type) NOx sensor
7 第二氧化锆式(ZRDO式)NOx传感器7 Second zirconia type (ZRDO type) NOx sensor
具体实施方式Detailed ways
图1中表示了船用的二冲程式的柴油发动机1，以及发动机1的废气路径2。所述废气路径2设有催化式脱硝装置3。而且在比脱硝装置3靠向下游侧设有废气涡轮增压器4。废气被供给到涡轮增压器4的涡轮4a，由压缩机4b压缩吸气。FIG. 1 shows a marine two-stroke diesel engine 1 and an exhaust gas path 2 of the engine 1 . The exhaust gas path 2 is provided with a catalytic denitrification device 3 . Furthermore, an exhaust gas turbocharger 4 is provided on the downstream side of the denitrification device 3 . The exhaust gas is supplied to the turbine 4a of the turbocharger 4, and the intake air is compressed by the compressor 4b.
在废气路径2中的发动机1和脱硝装置3之间，设置有能测定该部分的废气路径2中的NOx浓度的第一氧化锆式(ZRDO式)NOx传感器6。此外，在废气路径2中的脱硝装置3和涡轮增压器4之间，设置有能测定该部分的废气路径2中的NOx浓度的第二氧化锆式NOx传感器7。Between the engine 1 and the denitrification device 3 in the exhaust gas path 2, a first zirconia type (ZRDO type) NOx sensor 6 capable of measuring the NOx concentration in the part of the exhaust gas path 2 is provided. Furthermore, between the denitrification device 3 in the exhaust gas path 2 and the turbocharger 4, a second zirconia-type NOx sensor 7 capable of measuring the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas path 2 of this portion is provided.
测定脱硝率的测定部8能使用脱硝装置3的入口侧所设置的第一氧化锆式NOx传感器6发送的检测信号NOx·inlet，以及脱硝装置3的出口侧所设置的第二氧化锆式NOx传感器7发送的检测信号NOx·outlet，通过下述算式测定脱硝装置3的脱硝率。The measuring section 8 for measuring the denitration rate can use the detection signal NOx inlet from the first zirconia NOx sensor 6 provided on the inlet side of the denitrification device 3, and the second zirconia NOx sensor installed on the outlet side of the denitrification device 3. The detection signal NOx·outlet sent from the sensor 7 is used to measure the denitration rate of the denitration device 3 by the following formula.
(NOx·inlet×α－NOx·outlet×α)/NOx·inlet×α(NOx·inlet×α－NOx·outlet×α)/NOx·inlet×α
在所述算式中，α为修正系数，用于修正检测环境中的气体压力和废气中所含的SOx等对第一氧化锆式NOx传感器6和第二氧化锆式NOx传感器7的检测值所带来的影响。In the formula, α is a correction coefficient, which is used to correct the gas pressure in the detection environment and SOx contained in the exhaust gas, etc. the impact.
如图所示，第一氧化锆式NOx传感器6和第二氧化锆式NOx传感器7都设置在废气路径2中的比涡轮增压器4靠向上游侧的部分，即设置在高压且包含SOx的部分。此外，废气经过脱硝装置3而产生的压力损失微小，可以忽略。因此，可以使上述第一氧化锆式NOx传感器6和第二氧化锆式NOx传感器7受到的压力及SOx的影响相等。即，如上述算式所示，针对第一氧化锆式NOx传感器的检测值NOx·inlet以及第二氧化锆式NOx传感器的检测值NOx·outlet可以使上述算式中的修正系数α的值相等。As shown in the figure, both the first zirconia-type NOx sensor 6 and the second zirconia-type NOx sensor 7 are installed in the part of the exhaust gas path 2 that is closer to the upstream side than the turbocharger 4, that is, they are installed at high pressure and contain SOx part. In addition, the pressure loss caused by the exhaust gas passing through the denitrification device 3 is small and can be ignored. Therefore, the influence of pressure and SOx on the first zirconia type NOx sensor 6 and the second zirconia type NOx sensor 7 can be equalized. That is, as shown in the above formula, the value of the correction coefficient α in the above formula can be made equal to the detection value NOx·inlet of the first zirconia type NOx sensor and the detection value NOx·outlet of the second zirconia type NOx sensor.
因此，上述算式的修正系数α能够约分，结果上述算式可以变形为检测环境中的气体压力和废气中所含的SOx等对第一氧化锆式NOx传感器6和第二氧化锆式NOx传感器7的检测值带来的影响相抵消、即消去修正系数α的(NOx·inlet－NOx·outlet)/NOx·inlet的形式。Therefore, the correction coefficient α of the above formula can be reduced, and as a result, the above formula can be transformed to detect the gas pressure in the environment and SOx contained in the exhaust gas, etc. for the first zirconia type NOx sensor 6 and the second zirconia type NOx sensor 7 The influence brought by the detection value of α is canceled out, that is, the form of (NOx·inlet-NOx·outlet)/NOx·inlet of the correction coefficient α is eliminated.
因此，测定部8可以防止第一氧化锆式NOx传感器6和第二氧化锆式NOx传感器7受到检测环境中的废气压力和废气中所含的SOx等的影响带来的传感器灵敏度变动而导致产生误差，在此基础上求出脱硝率的测定值。Therefore, the measurement part 8 can prevent the first zirconia type NOx sensor 6 and the second zirconia type NOx sensor 7 from being affected by the exhaust gas pressure in the detection environment, SOx contained in the exhaust gas, etc. On this basis, the measured value of the denitrification rate is obtained.
图1所示的系统中，在催化式脱硝装置3中向废气以喷雾方式喷射尿素水，通过采用基于测定部8的脱硝率测定值而控制喷雾量的反馈控制系统，可以使最终排出的气体中的氮氧化物的排出量为预定的排出控制值。因此，例如可以将脱硝率设定为80％，并使图示的系统运转。In the system shown in Fig. 1, in the catalytic denitrification device 3, urea water is sprayed to the exhaust gas in a spray manner, and by adopting a feedback control system that controls the spray amount based on the measured value of the denitrification rate of the measurement unit 8, the final discharged gas can be made The discharge amount of nitrogen oxides in is the predetermined discharge control value. Therefore, for example, the denitration rate can be set to 80%, and the system shown in the figure can be operated.
(实施例)(Example)
说明进行如下的控制时的具体结果：利用上述的基于本发明的测定值进行的反馈控制；不使用NOx传感器的前馈控制；以及在催化式脱硝装置的入口侧和出口侧使用氧化锆式NOx传感器，并且在该催化式脱硝装置上使用压力传感器，采用对NOx传感器信号进行压力修正处理后的信号进行的反馈控制。Specific results of the following controls are described: feedback control using the above-mentioned measured values based on the present invention; feedforward control without using a NOx sensor; and use of zirconia-based NOx sensor, and a pressure sensor is used on the catalytic denitrification device, and the feedback control is performed on the signal of the NOx sensor signal after pressure correction processing.
图2表示了采用上述三种方法以脱硝率80％为目标进行控制的结果的坐标图。横轴表示发动机的负荷率，纵轴表示达成的脱硝率。Fig. 2 shows the coordinate diagram of the control results with the target of denitrification rate of 80% using the above three methods. The horizontal axis represents the load factor of the engine, and the vertical axis represents the achieved denitration rate.
如所述坐标图所示，利用基于本发明的测定值进行反馈控制时，其结果是最接近作为目标值的80％。As shown in the above-mentioned graph, when the feedback control is performed using the measured value based on the present invention, the result is closest to 80% of the target value.
进行不采用NOx传感器的前馈控制时，其结果是在高负荷区域偏离目标值。此时，针对发动机运转时产生的NOx的测定值，计算用于将其削减80％的尿素水量，并以前馈控制来进行实际投放尿素水的控制。可以认为这是由于预先用于前馈控制而采集来自发动机主体的NOx排出量数据时的气温和湿度等周围条件与进行正式脱硝运转时的周围条件的不同，而产生的控制误差。这样的周围条件变化对于船舶、特别是国际海运所使用的船舶是频繁产生的现象。When feedforward control is performed without using a NOx sensor, the result is that the target value deviates from the target value in the high load area. At this time, the amount of urea water for reducing NOx by 80% is calculated for the measured value of NOx generated during engine operation, and feed-forward control is performed to actually inject urea water. It is considered that this is a control error caused by the difference in ambient conditions such as air temperature and humidity when the NOx emission data from the engine main body is collected in advance for feedforward control, and the ambient conditions when the actual denitrification operation is performed. Such ambient condition changes frequently occur in ships, especially ships used in international shipping.
在进行使用压力修正后的信号的反馈控制时，产生整体偏离目标值的倾向，特别是在废气压力高的高负荷区域该倾向显著。可以认为这是压力修正系数α的值的精度不高的缘故。When the feedback control using the pressure-corrected signal is performed, the whole tends to deviate from the target value, and this tendency is particularly prominent in a high-load region where the exhaust gas pressure is high. This is considered to be due to the fact that the value of the pressure correction coefficient α is not accurate enough.
如上所述，可以得出下述结论。即，由于在发动机内产生的氮氧化物(NOx)的量，根据以气候变化为代表的发动机周围条件变化和燃料成分变化等各种条件变化而变动，所以难以对其准确预测。作为对策，判断出采用催化式脱硝装置的入口和出口的NOx的浓度检测值进行的反馈控制是有效的。NOx的浓度检测采用氧化锆式传感器，所述传感器的检测值尤其受到废气压力的影响而需要采取某种措施。因此，本发明为了从检测值消除废气压力等的影响，通过将脱硝装置的入口侧的传感器和出口侧的传感器都设置在气压高的部位，能使其影响相抵消。因此，在测定脱硝率时，可以防止由于检测环境中的废气压力等的影响带来的传感器灵敏度变动而导致测定值产生误差。As described above, the following conclusions can be drawn. That is, since the amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) generated in the engine fluctuates due to changes in various conditions such as changes in engine ambient conditions typified by climate change and changes in fuel composition, it is difficult to accurately predict it. As a countermeasure, it was judged that the feedback control using the NOx concentration detection values at the inlet and outlet of the catalytic denitrification device is effective. The concentration detection of NOx uses a zirconia-type sensor, and the detection value of the sensor is particularly affected by the pressure of the exhaust gas, requiring some measures. Therefore, in the present invention, in order to eliminate the influence of the exhaust gas pressure from the detected value, the influence can be canceled out by installing both the inlet side sensor and the outlet side sensor of the denitrification device at a place with high air pressure. Therefore, when measuring the denitration rate, it is possible to prevent errors in measured values due to changes in sensor sensitivity due to the influence of exhaust gas pressure in the detection environment.
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Effective date of registration: 20231204 Address after: Xiongben County, Japan Patentee after: Hitachi Shipbuilding Marine Prime Motors Co.,Ltd. Address before: Osaka, Japan Patentee before: HITACHI ZOSEN Corp. |