CN1049191A - 三元共沸组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了含有2，3-二氯-1，1，1，3，3-五氟
丙烷(HCFC-225da)，反式1，2-二氯乙烯
(HCC-1130)和甲醇的共沸组合物，该共沸组合物用
于溶剂清洗方面。
Description
由于近代电子线路板朝着增加线路的元件密度的方向发展，故焊接后彻底清洗线路板显得十分重要。目前，将电子元件焊接到线路板上的工业方法包括先用一种助焊剂将线路板上的线路面涂层，然后使该板的涂层面通过预热器，最后用软焊料焊接。助焊剂能清洁传导的金属部件，并能促进焊料粘着。最常用的助焊剂是松香或加有活化添加剂的松香，活化添加剂包括胺的盐酸盐或草酸衍生物。
焊接之后，由于焊接高温使部分松香降解，故常常要用有机溶剂将该助焊剂残留物从线路板上除去。对这样的有机溶剂的要求是非常严格的：它应具有低沸点，不易燃烧，低毒和溶解性能好等优点，以便能除去助焊剂和助焊剂残留物而不损害要清洗的线路板。
尽管采用混合溶剂通常可调整溶剂的沸点、可燃性和溶解性能，但这些混合溶剂经常不能令人满意，因为它们在应用时便分馏成不希望的组分。这样的溶剂混合物在溶剂蒸馏期间也分馏，这样要回收具有原来组成的溶剂混合物实际上是不可能的。
相反，我们发现具有恒定沸点和恒定组成的共沸混合物是非常有用的。共沸混合物展现一个最高或最低沸点，且沸腾时并不分馏。这些特性对于采用溶剂组合物除去印刷线路板上的助焊剂和助焊剂残留物也是重要的。如果混合溶剂不是共沸物，其中挥发性强的溶剂混合物组分会先蒸发，将导致混合物的组成改变，从而降低了所要求的溶剂性质，如对松香助焊剂的溶解能力降低，对欲洗线路板电子元件的惰性降低。共沸特性在蒸汽脱脂操作中也是理想的，蒸汽脱脂操作中重蒸馏的溶剂通常在于最后的冲洗。简言之，蒸汽除助焊剂和脱脂系统就象一个蒸馏器。除非溶剂组合物具有恒定沸点，即是共沸物，否则将发生分馏，不希望的溶剂分配将影响清洗操作安全性和效率。
已发现许多氯氟代碳共沸组合物，有时已被用作溶剂以除去印刷电路板上的助焊剂和助焊剂残留物和用于各种脱脂操作中。例如：美国专利3，903，009号公开了1，1，2-三氯三氟乙烷及乙醇和硝基甲烷的三元共沸物;美国专利2，999，815号公开了1，1，2-三氯三氟乙烷和丙酮的二元共沸物;美国专利2，999，817号公开了1，1，2-三氯三氟乙烷和二氯甲烷的二元共沸物。
目前用于清洗和其它方面的某些氯氟化碳在理论上会减少地球的臭氧层，早在七十年代中期，已经知道将氢引及已全囟化的氯氟化碳分子结构中会降低这些化合物的化学稳定性。因此，目前可预期这些不稳定的化合物会在较低的大气中降解，而不到达未受损害的最高臭氧层。此外，采用理论上对臭氧层损害较小的氯氟化烃类也是必要的。
不幸的是，如本领域内众所周知，预言共沸物的组成是不可能的，这一事实显然使得寻求新的共沸组合物复杂化。除非进行坚持不懈地努力，以发现具有理想溶解能力特性，特别是具有更广泛的溶解能力的新共沸物。
本发明公开了共沸组合物，它包括有效量的2，3-二氯-1，1，1，3，3-五氟丙烷与反式1，2-二氯乙烯和甲醇的混合物。该共沸物是由约43-53%（重量，下同）2，3-二氯-1，1，1，3，3-五氟丙烷，约42-52%反式-1，2-二氯乙烯和约3-9%甲醇组成的混合物。本发明提供了适合于溶剂清洗用途的不易燃烧的共沸组合物。
本发明组合物包括由有效量的2，3-二氯-1，1，1，3，3-五氟丙烷（CF3-CHCl-CClF2，b.p.＝50.4℃），反式-1，2-二氯乙烯（CHCl＝CHCl，b.p.＝48.0℃）和甲醇（b.p.＝64.6℃）组成一个共沸物或共沸类似物的混合物，上述的卤化碳按卤化碳的常规命名法分别称之为HCFC-225da和反式-HCC-1130。
所谓的基本上由一个共沸物组成指的是由三种或三种以上物质组成的具有恒定沸点的液体混合物，该液体混合物具有单一物质相同的性质，即该液体部分蒸发或蒸馏产生的蒸汽组成与原液体的组成基本相同，也就是说该混合物蒸馏时其基本组成不变。称之为共沸物的恒沸组合物与含相同物质的非共沸混合物比较，前者呈现最高沸点或最低沸点。
所谓的基本上由一个共沸物组成指的是本发明混合物中每一成分的一定量，当它们结合时，就形成本发明的共沸物配方。“基本上由一个共沸物组成”的含义并不排除其它物质的存在，这些物质并不明显改变本发明的三元共沸组合物的共沸性质。
实际上，通过下列任一标准就可以确认一种恒沸混合物。该恒沸混合物外观的变化取决于选择的条件：
该组合物可定义为A、B和C的共沸物，因为特定术语“共沸物”一词清楚地表明它具有确定含义，它要求有效量的A、B和C形成具有恒定沸点的特殊组成的混合物;
众所周知：压力改变时，给出的共沸物的组成也会改变，至少有某种程度的变化，而且蒸馏压力的变化至少在某种程度也改变沸点温度。因此，A、B和C的共沸物代表一种关系，随着温度和（或）压力的变化其组成成是可变的，因而常以组成范围而不是固定的组成来定义共沸物;
当认识到这些特定值仅指出一种具体的关系，而且，由于压力的变化，对于给定的共沸物，实际上存在着一系列A、B和C所代表的特定关系时，该组成可定义为A、B和C的具体的重量百分比关系或摩尔百分比关系。
定义为共沸物的A、B和C组合物的特征在于：在某一给定的压力下仅有一个沸点;由此给出鉴别特征，而不是通过具体数字表示组成来过分限制本发明的范围，该鉴别特征受分析仪器的限制并和分析仪器一样准确。
将43-53%（重量，下同）2，3-二氯-1，1，1，3，3-五氟丙烷和42-52%反式-1，2-二氯乙烯及3-9%甲醇的混合物确定为共沸物，因为在上述范围内的混合物在恒定压下具有基本恒定的沸点。由于具有基本恒定沸点，蒸发时该混合物没有大范围分馏的倾向。蒸发后，在蒸汽的组成和最初液相的组成间仅有微小差别。该差别小到气相和液相的组成可认为是基本相同的。因此，该范围的任何混合物都有真正三元共沸物的特性。按分馏法的精确度，将约47.7%（重量，下同）2，3-二氯-1，1，1，3，3-五氟丙烷和46.7%反式-1，2-二氯乙烯及5.6%甲醇组成的三元组合物确定为真正的三元共沸物，在基本大气压下沸点为约41.0℃。
上述共沸物不损害臭氧层，预期在它到达臭氧层之前，几乎完全分解。
由于其共沸特性，本发明共沸物在蒸汽脱助焊剂和脱脂后很容易回收再用。例如，本发明共沸混合物可用于美国专利3，881，949号（本文引作对比文献）中所描述的清洗方法中。
通过任何方便的方法包括将一定量的成分混合或结合，均可制备本发明的共沸物。最好的方法是先秤取一定量的各成分，然后于适合的容器中混合。
实施例1
在一适宜的容器中配制含有58.7%（重量）2，3-二氯-1，1，1，3，3-五氟丙烷、36.8%（重量）反式-1，2-二氯乙烯和4.5%（重量）甲醇的溶液，并充分混合。
将上述溶液于25块板的Oldershaw蒸馏柱中蒸馏，回流与蒸出的比率为5∶1，顶部和罐内温度直接读至0.1℃，所有温度的压力调至760mmHg，用汽相色谱测定蒸出的组合物。所得结果列于表1：
表1
2，3-二氯-1，1，1，3，3-五氟丙烷（DCPFP）、反式-1，2-二氯乙烯（T-DCE）和甲醇（Me OH）（58.7+36.8+4.5）的蒸馏，wt.%，
分段 顶部温度（℃） 蒸馏或 CDPFT T-DCE Me OH
回收
1 41.0 1.9 47.5 46.9 5.6
2 40.9 11.5 47.4 47.0 5.6
3 41.0 19.8 47.4 46.9 5.7
4 41.0 28.7 47.5 46.8 5.7
5 41.0 38.0 47.5 46.8 5.7
6 41.1 48.8 48.3 46.2 5.5
7 41.5 57.3 50.4 44.3 5.3
低部 - 87.9 85.9 12.2 1.9
上述分析表明：在蒸馏过程中，顶部温度和蒸馏出的组合物几乎是恒定的。上述数据的统计学分析表明：2，3-二氯-1，1，1，3，3-五氟丙烷、反式-1，2-二氯乙烯和甲醇的三元共沸物在气压下具有下述特征（99%可信限）：
2，3-二氯-1，1，1，3，3-五氟丙烷 ＝47.7±1.8wt.%
反式-1，2-二氯乙烯 ＝46.7±1.5wt.%
甲醇 ＝5.6±0.4wt.%
沸点（℃） ＝41.0±0.3
实施例2
用活化的松香助焊剂几块单面线路板涂层，将其通过一预热器使线路板顶面的温度达到约200°F（93℃），然后用500°F软焊料焊接。用实施例1的共沸混合物分别除去焊接线路板上的助焊剂，其方法是：先将焊接线路板放入含有共沸混合物的沸腾池中悬浮3分钟，然后放于含有相同的共沸混合物的冲洗池中1分钟，最后放于沸腾池上部的溶剂蒸汽中1分钟。在此共沸混合物中清洗过的线路板上无可见的残留物。
Claims (6)
1、共沸组合物，它主要由43-53%(重量)2，3-二氯-1，1，1，3，3-五氟丙烯，42-52%(重量)反式-1，2-二氯乙烯和3-9%(重量)甲醇构成。
2、权利要求1的共沸组合物，其中，该组合物含47.7%（重量）2，3-二氯-1，1，1，3，3-五氟丙烷，46.7%（重量）反式-1，2-二氯乙烯和5.6%（重量）甲醇。
3、权利要求1的共沸组合物，其中，该组合物在基本大气压下的沸点为41.0℃。
4、清洗固体表面的方法，该方法包括用权利要求1的共沸组合物处理所述表面。
5、权利要求4的方法，其中所述固体表面是污染有助焊剂和助焊剂残留物的印刷线路板。
6、权利要求5的方法，其中所述固体表面是金属。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/389,383 US4961869A (en) | 1989-08-03 | 1989-08-03 | Ternary azeotropic compositions of 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane with trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and methanol |
| US389,383 | 1989-08-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1049191A true CN1049191A (zh) | 1991-02-13 |
Family
ID=23538037
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN90104744A Pending CN1049191A (zh) | 1989-08-03 | 1990-07-14 | 三元共沸组合物 |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4961869A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0411778A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH03163200A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR910005737A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1049191A (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU622090B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9003326A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2020942A1 (zh) |
| MY (1) | MY105734A (zh) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100410358C (zh) * | 2003-04-23 | 2008-08-13 | 广州南沙经济技术开发区高奇环保技术有限公司 | 一种用于电力电器设备的绝缘保护剂及其制造方法 |
| CN103380079A (zh) * | 2011-02-23 | 2013-10-30 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | 用于生产卤代烯烃的共沸物和类共沸物组合物 |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR970002043B1 (ko) * | 1989-02-01 | 1997-02-21 | 아사히 가라스 가부시끼가이샤 | 히드로클로로플루오로카본 공비 또는 공비형 혼합물 |
| US5320683A (en) * | 1989-02-06 | 1994-06-14 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Azeotropic or azeotropic-like composition of hydrochlorofluoropropane |
| EP0394992A3 (en) * | 1989-04-27 | 1991-01-09 | Daikin Industries, Limited | Solvent composition |
| US5124065A (en) * | 1989-10-06 | 1992-06-23 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of dichloropentafluoropropane and an alkanol having 1-4 carbon atoms |
| US5116526A (en) * | 1989-10-06 | 1992-05-26 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of dichloropentafluoropropane and 1,2-dichloroethylene |
| IE902926A1 (en) * | 1989-10-06 | 1991-04-10 | Allied Signal Inc | Azeotrope-like compositions of dichloropentafluoropropane¹and 1,2-dichloroethylene |
| IE64912B1 (en) * | 1989-10-06 | 1995-09-20 | Allied Signal Inc | Azetrope-like compositions of 1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane and 2-methyl-2-propanol |
| US5118437A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1992-06-02 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of dichloropentafluoropropane, ethanol and a hydrocarbon containing six carbon atoms |
| AU644551B2 (en) * | 1990-03-12 | 1993-12-09 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Ternary azeotropic compositions of dichloropentafluoropropane and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene with methanol or ethanol or isopropanol |
| US5116525A (en) * | 1990-03-12 | 1992-05-26 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Ternary azeotropic compositions of dichloropentafluoropropane and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene with methanol or ethanol or isopropanol |
| GB9007579D0 (en) * | 1990-04-04 | 1990-05-30 | Ici Plc | Solvent cleaning of articles |
| FR2661918B1 (fr) * | 1990-05-10 | 1992-07-17 | Atochem | Composition nettoyante a base de 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-3,3-dichloro-propane et de methyl tert-butyl ether. |
| AU7781891A (en) * | 1990-06-06 | 1991-12-31 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of dichloropentafluoropropane, methanol and 1,2-dichloroethylene |
| AU7980891A (en) * | 1990-06-06 | 1991-12-31 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of dichloropentafluoropropane, ethanol and 1,2-dichloroethylene |
| US5106526A (en) * | 1990-06-06 | 1992-04-21 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of dichloropentafluoropropane, methanol and a hydrocarbon containing six carbon atoms |
| US5104565A (en) * | 1990-06-25 | 1992-04-14 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of dichloropentafluoropropane, 2-propanol and a hydrocarbon containing six carbon atoms |
| US5196137A (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1993-03-23 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotropic composition of 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene or 1,1-dichlorethane |
| US5508020A (en) * | 1992-06-05 | 1996-04-16 | Diatech, Inc. | Technetium-99M labeled peptides for imaging |
| US5304322A (en) * | 1992-05-15 | 1994-04-19 | The Boeing Company | Cleaning solvent for aircraft hydraulic fluid |
| US5683974A (en) * | 1996-06-20 | 1997-11-04 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and C1 -C3 alcohols for cleaning |
| US5851977A (en) * | 1997-08-26 | 1998-12-22 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Nonflammable organic solvent compositions |
| US6852684B1 (en) * | 1998-09-21 | 2005-02-08 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Non-flammable, high-solvency compositions comprising trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, solvent, and inerting agent |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2999817A (en) * | 1960-08-15 | 1961-09-12 | Du Pont | Azeotropic composition |
| US3455835A (en) * | 1966-04-12 | 1969-07-15 | Du Pont | Azeotropic composition |
| GB1321375A (en) * | 1971-03-03 | 1973-06-27 | Ici Ltd | Solvent compositions |
| FR2511386A1 (fr) * | 1981-08-11 | 1983-02-18 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Utilisation d'hydrocarbures chloro-fluores comme fluides de transfert de chaleur a temperature elevee |
| US4582733A (en) * | 1982-06-30 | 1986-04-15 | Mccord James W | Method for cleaning and coating objects |
| US4828751A (en) * | 1987-08-28 | 1989-05-09 | Pcr, Inc. | Solvent composition for cleaning silicon wafers |
| US4767561A (en) * | 1987-09-23 | 1988-08-30 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition of trichlorotrifluoroethane, methanol and 1,2-dichloroethylene |
| EP0389133B1 (en) * | 1989-03-23 | 1993-04-28 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotropic composition of 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane and methanol |
-
1989
- 1989-08-03 US US07/389,383 patent/US4961869A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-07-11 CA CA002020942A patent/CA2020942A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-07-11 BR BR909003326A patent/BR9003326A/pt unknown
- 1990-07-12 JP JP2182876A patent/JPH03163200A/ja active Pending
- 1990-07-13 MY MYPI90001179A patent/MY105734A/en unknown
- 1990-07-13 EP EP90307697A patent/EP0411778A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-07-13 AU AU58954/90A patent/AU622090B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-14 CN CN90104744A patent/CN1049191A/zh active Pending
- 1990-07-14 KR KR1019900010717A patent/KR910005737A/ko not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100410358C (zh) * | 2003-04-23 | 2008-08-13 | 广州南沙经济技术开发区高奇环保技术有限公司 | 一种用于电力电器设备的绝缘保护剂及其制造方法 |
| CN103380079A (zh) * | 2011-02-23 | 2013-10-30 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | 用于生产卤代烯烃的共沸物和类共沸物组合物 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MY105734A (en) | 1994-11-30 |
| CA2020942A1 (en) | 1991-02-04 |
| BR9003326A (pt) | 1991-08-27 |
| EP0411778A1 (en) | 1991-02-06 |
| US4961869A (en) | 1990-10-09 |
| AU5895490A (en) | 1991-02-07 |
| AU622090B2 (en) | 1992-03-26 |
| JPH03163200A (ja) | 1991-07-15 |
| KR910005737A (ko) | 1991-03-30 |
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