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CN104876813A - 化合物双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

化合物双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN104876813A
CN104876813A CN201510213220.7A CN201510213220A CN104876813A CN 104876813 A CN104876813 A CN 104876813A CN 201510213220 A CN201510213220 A CN 201510213220A CN 104876813 A CN104876813 A CN 104876813A
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CN104876813B (zh
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张超智
袁阳
蒋威
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Changshu Zijin Intellectual Property Service Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了化合物双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮及其制备方法。该化合物以二苊醌基硫醚和铜盐为原料,加热反应制备。本发明化合物双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮作为电子受体材料与电子给体材料TBP制作光伏电池,能提高光伏电池的短路电流、填充因子和光电转换率。

Description

化合物双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮及其制备方法与应用
技术领域
    本发明涉及一种光伏电池受体材料,具体涉及一种化合物双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
有机光伏电池的发展需要高性能的电子给体(Donor)和电子受体(Acceptor)材料。当前的电子受体材料主要集中于C60衍生物和C70衍生物。其中使用最广泛的受体化合物是加州大学圣芭芭拉分校的Wudl研究组设计合成的C60衍生物PCBM([6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester),和中科院化学所李永舫教授等设计合成的ICBA(Indene-C60 or C70 bisadduct)电子受体材料。这些电子受体材料LUMO能级太低,导致光伏电池开路电压较低。为了克服该缺点,许多小分子非富勒烯电子受体化合物被合成,经过多年发展,使用非富勒烯光伏电池的光电转化率已经得到很大提高,成为具有前景的研究领域。这些受体化合物主要是平面共轭分子,有利于聚集成规则形状,形成受体材料相。便于接受电子和传递到电极表面。
作为一个实用的光伏电池材料必须具备易合成,性质稳定,价格低廉的特点。因此,一些跨国公司经过多年的研究探索,逐渐把电子给体材料锁定在P3HT (poly(3-hexylthiophene))和TBP (Tetrabenzylporphrine)上。与P3HT相匹配的电子受体材料是C60或C70衍生物;而理论上与TBP相匹配的电子受体材料应该是平面大共轭分子。目前,跨国公司(例如:日本三菱公司)已经通过工艺优化等途径,将使用P3HT和PCBM制作的光伏电池的光电转换率提高到大于8 %的水平,申请了上百个专利。使用TBP和平面共轭分子制作的光伏电池的光电转换率也在最近一年多时间得到迅速提高,设计与TBP相匹配的电子受体--平面共轭分子将有力推动这类光伏电池的光电转换率的提高。
影响光伏电池光电转化率的关键问题是激子的扩散效率。激子扩散效率取决于激子在光敏层尤其是在给体聚合物中的扩散长度,所以减低激子扩散到电子给体和电子受体的界面的距离,是提高光伏电池的短路电流的途径之一。据此,增加电子给体TBP与电子受体的接触面积,缩短激子的扩散距离,可导致光伏电池的短路电流的增加。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中存在的缺陷,提供了一种平面共轭化合物,作为电子受体,制作异质结(Bulk heterojunction,BHJ)光伏电池,易通过π-π Staking 效应与TBP重叠从而增大与TBP的接触面积,缩短激子的扩散距离,导致光伏电池的短路电流的增加,最终提高光伏电池的光电转换率。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了化合物双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮(结构式如图1所示)及其制备方法。
本发明化合物双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮以二苊醌基硫醚和铜盐为原料,加热反应制备。其中,原料二苊醌基硫醚和铜盐加入溶剂中,进行加热反应。溶剂选用DMSO、1,4-丁二醇或异喹啉,优选DMSO;溶剂与原料二苊醌基硫醚的用量比为75ml-175ml:1mmol,优选用量比为125ml:1mmol。铜盐采用氯化铜、硫酸铜或硝酸铜,优选硝酸铜。二苊醌基硫醚和铜盐的摩尔比为1:1-1:3(比例低于1:1时,反应不完全;比例高于1:3时,造成铜盐浪费),优选摩尔比为1:2;加热反应温度为130-180℃,优选反应温度为160℃;反应时间为6-35h(反应时间小于6h,反应不充分,产率低;高于35h,产率没有明显提高),优选反应时间为6h。
本发明还提供了上述化合物双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮在光伏电池电子受体材料方面的应用。双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮与电子给体材料TBP混合旋涂成膜,荧光淬灭实验初步验证了设计理念的正确性,使用该化合物与TBP材料制作的光伏电池将具有较大短路电流。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点:本发明平面共轭化合物双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮易通过π-π Staking 效应与TBP重叠从而增大与TBP的接触面积,缩短激子的扩散距离,作为电子受体材料与电子给体材料TBP制作光伏电池,能提高光伏电池的短路电流、填充因子和光电转换率。
附图说明
图1为本发明化合物双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮的结构式;
图2为制备本发明化合物双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮的反应方程式;
图3为本发明化合物双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮的紫外吸收光谱。
具体实施方式
    下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
将二苊醌基硫醚(0.79 g, 2 mmol)和硫酸铜(0.32 g, 2 mmol)加入到DMSO(250 mL)中,加热到160 ℃,搅拌6小时。过滤,冷却母液,析出暗红色沉淀,过滤,得到暗红色粉末双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮 (0.53 g,73.4 %)。
MS (FD+): 361.1
UV-vis: λmax = 498 nm。
1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ = 8.00 - 7.50 (m, 8H) 
实施例2
将二苊醌基硫醚(0.79 g, 2 mmol)和硫酸铜(0.96 g, 6 mmol)加入到DMSO(250 mL)中,加热到160℃,搅拌6小时。过滤,冷却母液,析出暗红色沉淀,过滤,得到暗红色粉末双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮 (0.61 g,84.5 %)。
实施例3
将二苊醌基硫醚(0.79 g, 2 mmol)和硫酸铜(0.64 g, 4 mmol)加入到DMSO(250 mL)中,加热到160 ℃,搅拌6小时。过滤,冷却母液,析出暗红色沉淀,过滤,得到暗红色粉末双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮 (0.60 g,83.1 %)。
从实施例1-3可以看出随着二苊醌基硫醚和铜盐摩尔比的增加,反应产率逐渐变高,但当摩尔比为1:2-1:3时,反应产率变化不大。因此优选二苊醌基硫醚和铜盐摩尔比为1:2。
实施例4
将二苊醌基硫醚(0.79 g, 2 mmol)和硫酸铜(0.64 g, 4 mmol)加入到DMSO(150 mL)中,加热到160℃,搅拌6小时。过滤,冷却母液,析出暗红色沉淀,过滤,得到暗红色粉末双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮 (0.61 g,84.5 %)。
实施例5
将二苊醌基硫醚(0.79 g, 2 mmol)和硫酸铜(0.64 g, 4 mmol)加入到DMSO(350 mL)中,加热到160 ℃,搅拌6小时。过滤,冷却母液,析出暗红色沉淀,过滤,得到暗红色粉末双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮 (0.55 g,76.2 %)。
从实施例3-5可以看出每1 mmol二苊醌基硫醚加入到75~175 mL DMSO溶剂中,随着溶剂体积的增加,反应产率变化不大,但溶剂加入过少原料不易溶解,加入过多容易使产物溶于溶剂中、且提高了成本,因此以1 mmol二苊醌基硫醚加入到125 mL DMSO溶剂中为佳。
实施例6
将二苊醌基硫醚(0.79 g, 2 mmol)和硫酸铜(0.64 g, 4 mmol)加入到DMSO(250 mL)中,加热到130℃,搅拌6小时。过滤,冷却母液,析出暗红色沉淀,过滤,得到暗红色粉末双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮 (0.56 g,77.6 %)。
实施例7
将二苊醌基硫醚(0.79 g, 2 mmol)和硫酸铜(0.64 g, 4 mmol)加入到DMSO(250 mL)中,加热到180℃,搅拌6小时。过滤,冷却母液,析出暗红色沉淀,过滤,得到暗红色粉末双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮 (0.60 g,83.1 %)。
从实施例3,6,7可以看出反应温度控制在130-180℃时,随着温度的升高,反应产率逐渐增加,但当反应温度在160℃-180℃时,反应产率变化不大。因此优选反应温度为160℃。
    实施例8
将二苊醌基硫醚(0.79 g, 2 mmol)和硫酸铜(0.64 g, 4 mmol)加入到DMSO(250 mL)中,加热到160℃,搅拌20小时。过滤,冷却母液,析出暗红色沉淀,过滤,得到暗红色粉末双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮 (0.61 g,84.5 %)。
实施例9
将二苊醌基硫醚(0.79 g, 2 mmol)和硫酸铜(0.64 g, 4 mmol)加入到DMSO(250 mL)中,加热到160℃,搅拌35小时。过滤,冷却母液,析出暗红色沉淀,过滤,得到暗红色粉末双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮 (0.62 g,85.9 %)。
从实施例3,8,9可以看出反应时间控制在6-35h时,随着反应时间增加,反应产率虽然在逐渐增加,但变化不大。因此优选反应时间为6小时。
实施例10
将二苊醌基硫醚(0.79 g, 2 mmol)和硝酸铜(0.75 g, 4 mmol)加入到DMSO(250 mL)中,加热到160℃,搅拌20小时。过滤,冷却母液,析出暗红色沉淀,过滤,得到暗红色粉末双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮 (0.62 g,85.9 %)。
实施例11
将二苊醌基硫醚(0.79 g, 2 mmol)和氯化铜(0.54 g, 4 mmol)加入到DMSO(250 mL)中,加热到160℃,搅拌35小时。过滤,冷却母液,析出暗红色沉淀,过滤,得到暗红色粉末双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮 (0.59 g,81.7 %)。
实施例12
将二苊醌基硫醚(0.79 g, 2 mmol)和硝酸铜(0.75 g, 4 mmol)加入到1,4-丁二醇(250 mL)中,加热到160℃,搅拌20小时。过滤,冷却母液,析出暗红色沉淀,过滤,得到暗红色粉末双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮 (0.59 g,81.7 %)。
实施例13
将二苊醌基硫醚(0.79 g, 2 mmol)和氯化铜(0.54 g, 4 mmol)加入到异喹啉(250 mL)中,加热到160℃,搅拌35小时。过滤,冷却母液,析出暗红色沉淀,过滤,得到暗红色粉末双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮 (0.57 g,78.9 %)。
    应用实施例
    根据双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮的紫外-可见吸收光谱(图3)测得的数据,可以看出双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮溶液状态的带隙约为1.98 eV,属于窄带隙化合物。取本发明制备得到的化合物双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮与电子给体材料TBP混合旋涂成膜,荧光淬灭实验初步验证了设计理念的正确性。可以初步判定使用双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮为电子受体材料、TBP为电子给体材料,研制太阳能电池,并且研制的光伏电池将具有较大短路电流。

Claims (8)

1.化合物双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮,其结构式如下:
2.  权利要求1所述化合物环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮的制备方法,其特征在于,以二苊醌基硫醚和铜盐为原料,加热反应制备。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述原料二苊醌基硫醚和铜盐加入溶剂中,进行加热反应;所述溶剂采用DMSO、1,4-丁二醇或异喹啉;所述溶剂与原料二苊醌基硫醚的用量比为75ml-175ml:1mmol。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二苊醌基硫醚和铜盐的摩尔比为1:1-1:3;所述加热反应温度为130-180℃,反应时间为6-35h。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二苊醌基硫醚和铜盐的摩尔比为1:2;所述加热反应温度为160℃,反应时间为6h。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂与原料二苊醌基硫醚的用量比为125ml:1mmol。
7.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铜盐采用氯化铜、硫酸铜或硝酸铜。
8.权利要求1所述化合物双环戊烷并[cd,lm]苝-1,2,7,8-四酮在光伏电池电子受体材料方面的应用。
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