CN104829358A - 一种用于水稻种植的肥料 - Google Patents
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于水稻种植的肥料，硫酸铵100～105份、尿素220～230份、磷酸一铵43～53份、过磷酸钙145～155份、钙镁磷肥15～25份、氯化钾192～202份、氨基酸螯(络)合钼、锌、锰、硼10～20份、硅肥178～188份、生物制剂20～30份、增效剂8～18份、调理剂20～30份。该发明的水稻生态专用肥根据水稻的生长特点和需肥特性设计，通过调整大量元素NPK的比例，添加水稻生长特异性微量元素、抗硝化抑制剂等化学药品，在满足水稻在整个生长期内对主要营养元素和微量元素的需求外，通过增强肥效提高肥料利用效率增产增收。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于水稻种植的肥料的制备，尤其是一种用于水稻种植的肥料。
背景技术
水稻，别名稻、稻谷、谷子。是一年生禾本科植物。是高产稳产的主要粮食作物，也是世界上最重要的两大粮食作物之一。水稻在我国栽培历史悠久，播种面积近5亿亩，占世界水稻播种面积的22.8％，占全国粮食作物种植面积的29.1％，超过小麦，居首位，其产量居世界第一位，占我国粮食总产量的43.7％。
水稻的需肥特点
水稻在正常生长发育过程中除必需的16种营养元素外，吸收硅的量也很大。据分析，每生1000千克稻谷，需吸收硅175～200千克、氮(N)16～25千克、磷(P2O5)6～13千克、钾(K2O)14～31千克。吸收氮、磷、钾的比例约为1∶0.5∶1.2。杂交水稻的吸钾量一般高于普通水稻。水稻不同生育时期的吸肥规律是分蘖期吸收养分较少，从幼穗分化起到抽穗期是吸收养分最多和吸收强度最大的时期。抽穗以后一直到成熟，养分吸收量明显减少。
南北稻区土壤不同，在施肥配比上有所差别。南方土壤多偏酸，磷素较为丰富，缺钾；北方稻田多偏碱，缺磷，而且施磷后易被土壤固定，钾相对丰富。所以，南方水稻较合理的氮、磷、钾之比为1∶0.3～0.5∶0.7～1.0，平均为1∶0.4∶0.9；北方水稻施肥的氮、磷、钾比例以1∶0.5∶0.5较为合适。
水稻施肥技术：
水稻要长好，施肥少不了，不但要施饱，方法更需巧。水稻各生长期施肥量有所不同，施肥量可根据预期产量、水稻对养分的需要量、土壤养分的供给量以及所施肥料的养分含量和利用率等因素确定。以广东、广西壮族自治区地区为例，丰产田每亩一季水稻产量500千克，施氮量为每亩12千克纯氮。施肥期可分为基肥、分蘖肥、穗肥、粒肥(视水稻生长势而取舍)4个时期。
1.施肥原则 有机肥和化肥配合施用；氮、磷、钾配合施用；缓效性肥料与速效性肥料配合施用；大量元素和微量元素配合施用。
2.施肥量 因品种熟期不同确定不同的施肥量。晚熟插秧品种每亩施肥量为氮(N)20～22千克、磷(P2O5)9千克、钾(K2O)6千克、硅(SiO2)50千克；中早熟品种施肥量为纯(N)16～18千克、磷(P2O5)8千克、钾(K2O)6千克、硅(SiO2)50千克。
3.施肥时间
(1)基肥。晚熟插秧品种亩施水稻专用肥40～60千克、硅肥50～100千克或磷酸二铵20千克、尿素14～16千克、氯化钾10千克。中早熟品种亩施水稻专用肥30～50千克或磷酸二铵17千克、尿素10.5～13千克、氯化钾8千克。
(2)分蘖肥。分两次施用。晚熟插秧品种第＝次在水稻插秧后5～7天，每亩追施水稻专用肥5～7千克或尿素6.5～7千克、酸氢碳铵17.5～19.5千克；第二次在插秧后15天左右，每亩追施水稻专用肥6～7千克尿素6.5～7千克。中早熟品种第一次在3.5～4叶期，每亩追施水稻专用肥5～6千克或尿素5.5～6千克，盐碱地每亩可追施硫酸铵15千克；第二次在插秧后6叶期每亩追施水稻专用肥5～6千克，尿素5.5～6千克。
(3)穗肥。根据田间长势确定追肥量和追肥时间(一般7月10日左右)，晚熟品种每亩追施水稻专用肥4～4.5千克或尿素4千克，中早熟品种每亩追施水稻专用肥3～4千克或尿素3.5～4千克。
(4)粒肥在水稻穗抽齐后，晚熟品种每亩迫施水稻专用肥3～4千克或尿素3千克，中早熟品种每亩追施水稻专用肥2～3千克或尿素2～3千克。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于水稻种植的肥料。
这种用于水稻种植的肥料，由下列物质重量份混和构成：
硫酸铵100～105份、尿素220～230份、磷酸一铵43～53份、过磷酸钙145～155份、钙镁磷肥15～25份、氯化钾192～202份、氨基酸螯(络)合钼、锌、锰、硼10～20份、硅肥178～188份、生物制剂20～30份、增效剂8～1.8份、调理剂20～30份。
肥料是氮、磷、钾三大元素含量为30％的配方：
30％＝N13∶P2O55.2∶K2O11.8＝1∶0.4∶0.9。
肥料原料用量与养分含量最大值(千克/吨产品)：
硫酸铵105 N＝105×21％＝22.05 S＝105×24.2％＝25.41
尿素230 N＝230×46％＝105.8
磷酸一铵53 P2O5＝53×51％＝27.03
N＝53×11％＝5.83
过磷酸钙155 P2O5＝155×16％＝24.8
CaO＝155×24％＝37.2
S＝155×13.9％＝21.55
钙镁磷肥25 P2O5＝25×18％＝3.6 CaO＝25×45％＝11.25
MgO＝25×12％＝3
SiO2＝25×20％＝5
氯化钾202 K2O＝202×60％＝121.2
CI＝202×47.56％＝96.07
硅肥188 SiO2＝188×50％＝94
氨基酸螯(络)合锌、锰、硼20
生物制剂为各种作物秸秆、瓜藤、畜禽粪便、树叶杂草、糠醋渣、锯沫、酒渣、醋渣、酱油渣、豆饼、渣、粉渣、豆腐渣、骨粉、蔗渣。
增效剂为硝化抑制剂、螯合剂或腐殖酸。
调理剂为碳酸氢铵、高岭土、石膏。
发明的有益效果：
本申请人从国营化肥厂下岗后，一直研究各种肥料对农民种植的实用性，个人认为该发明的水稻生态专用肥根据水稻的生长特点和需肥特性设计，通过调整大量元素NPK的比例，添加水稻生长特异性微量元素、抗硝化抑制剂等化学药品，在满足水稻在整个生长期内对主要营养元素和微量元素的需求外，通过增强肥效提高肥料利用效率增产增收。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
这种用于水稻种植的肥料，由下列物质重量份混和构成：
硫酸铵100克、尿素220克、磷酸一铵43克、过磷酸钙145克、钙镁磷肥15克、氯化钾192克、氨基酸螯(络)合钼、锌、锰、硼10克、硅肥178克、生物制剂20克、增效剂8克、调理剂20克。
肥料是氮、磷、钾三大元素含量为30％的配方：
30％＝N13∶P2O55.2∶K2O11.8＝1∶0.4∶0.9。
肥料原料用量与养分含量最大值(千克/吨产品)：
硫酸铵105 N＝105×21％＝22.05 S＝105×24.2％＝25.41
尿素230 N＝230×46％＝105.8
磷酸一铵53 P2O5＝53×51％＝27.03
N＝53×11％＝5.83
过磷酸钙155 P2O5＝155×16％＝24.8
CaO＝155×24％＝37.2
S＝155×13.9％＝21.55
钙镁磷肥25 P2O5＝25×18％＝3.6 CaO＝25×45％＝11.25
MgO＝25×12％＝3
SiO2＝25×20％＝5
氯化钾202 K2O＝202×60％＝121.2
CI＝202×47.56％＝96.07
硅肥188SiO2＝188×50％＝94
氨基酸螯(络)合锌、锰、硼20
生物制剂为各种作物秸秆、瓜藤、畜禽粪便、树叶杂草、糠醋渣、锯沫、酒渣、醋渣、酱油渣、豆饼、渣、粉渣、豆腐渣、骨粉、蔗渣。
增效剂为硝化抑制剂、螯合剂或腐殖酸。
调理剂为碳酸氢铵、高岭土、石膏。
实施例2：这种用于水稻种植的肥料，由下列物质重量份混和构成：硫酸铵105克、尿素230克、磷酸一铵53克、过磷酸钙155克、钙镁磷肥25克、氯化钾202克、氨基酸螯(络)合钼、锌、锰、硼20克、硅肥188克、生物制剂30克、增效剂18克、调理剂30克。
生物制剂为各种作物秸秆、瓜藤、畜禽粪便、树叶杂草、糠醋渣、锯沫、酒渣、醋渣、酱油渣、豆饼、渣、粉渣、豆腐渣、骨粉、蔗渣。增效剂为硝化抑制剂、螯合剂或腐殖酸。调理剂为碳酸氢铵、高岭土、石膏。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于水稻种植的肥料，其特征是：由下列物质重量份混和构成：
硫酸铵100～105份、尿素220～230份、磷酸一铵43～53份、过磷酸钙145～155份、钙镁磷肥15～25份、氯化钾192～202份、氨基酸螯(络)合钼、锌、锰、硼10～20份、硅肥178～188份、生物制剂20～30份、增效剂8～18份、调理剂20～30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于水稻种植的肥料，其特征在于：所述的肥料是氮、磷、钾三大元素含量为30％的配方：
30％＝N13∶P2O5 5.2∶K2O11.8＝1∶0.4∶0.9。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于水稻种植的肥料，其特征在于：所述的肥料原料用量与养分含量最大值(千克/吨产品)：
硫酸铵105 N＝105×21％＝22.05 S＝105×24.2％＝25.41
尿素230 N＝230×46％＝105.8
磷酸一铵53 P2O5＝53×51％＝27.03
N＝53×11％＝5.83
过磷酸钙155 P2O5＝155×16％＝24.8
CaO＝155×24％＝37.2
S＝155×13.9％＝21.55
钙镁磷肥25 P2O5＝25×18％＝3.6 CaO＝25×45％＝11.25
MgO＝25×12％＝3
SiO2＝25×20％＝5
氯化钾202 K2O＝202×60％＝121.2
CI＝202×47.56％＝96.07
硅肥188 SiO2＝188×50％＝94
氨基酸螯(络)合锌、锰、硼20。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于水稻种植的肥料，其特征是：生物制剂为各种作物秸秆、瓜藤、畜禽粪便、树叶杂草、糠醋渣、锯沫、酒渣、醋渣、酱油渣、豆饼、渣、粉渣、豆腐渣、骨粉、蔗渣。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于水稻种植的肥料，其特征是：所述的增效剂为硝化抑制剂、螯合剂或腐殖酸。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于水稻种植的肥料，其特征是：所述的调理剂为碳酸氢铵、高岭土、石膏。
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