CN104813428A - Dc voltage switching device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a DC voltage switching device (1) comprising at least one electric input (2), at least one electric output (3), at least one first switch contact (4), and a movable switching bridge (20). The DC voltage switching device (1) further has an arc extinguishing arrangement (6), said arc extinguishing arrangement (6) having at least one first arc extinguishing chamber (7) which has a plurality of extinguishing sheets (9). According to the invention, at least one first extinguishing sheet (27) of the extinguishing sheets (9) is shaped, in particular curved, such that a Lorentz force (12) acts on arcs (11) caused by a switching process in the direction of the extinguishing sheets (9) in the first arc extinguishing chamber (7).

Description

DC switch

technical field

The invention relates to a DC switch according to the preamble of patent claim 1 .

Background technique

Switches for switching on direct current are known. However, the application of direct current has for a long time been generally limited to a small power range, in which there are hardly any problems when switching on direct current.

Since solar photovoltaics and powerful battery backup systems are widely used in EDV-servers, DC and DC voltages of higher voltage and power also need to be switched on. Here, the known AC switches have proven to be unsuitable in many respects. For example switching on direct current by means of an alternating current switch may result in its total loss even if the voltage and current are well below the maximum alternating current-power limit of the relevant alternating current switch. In addition to failure of electronic equipment, this can also cause a fire.

Contents of the invention

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a direct current switch of the aforementioned type, with which the disadvantages mentioned can be avoided and with which higher power direct currents can be switched reliably.

According to the invention, this is achieved by the features of independent claim 1 .

This makes it possible to create a direct current switch which has a high switching capacity in direct current and which is therefore suitable for switching high power direct currents. Such a direct current switch has a high degree of safety, in particular with respect to thermal disturbances.

The dependent claims relate to further advantageous embodiments of the invention.

For expression, reference is hereby made to the text of the patent claims, and the claims are hereby incorporated by reference into the specification and reproduced as if verbatim.

Description of drawings

The invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which only preferred exemplary embodiments are shown by way of example. in:

FIG. 1 shows a particularly preferred embodiment of a direct current switch in front view in a partially cutaway view;

FIG. 2 shows an arc quenching device for the DC switch according to FIG. 1 in a side view;

Figure 3 shows a detail of Figure 1 in a cross-sectional view;

FIG. 4 shows a first state of the arc in another detailed view of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 5 shows a second state of the arc in a further detail of FIG. 1 .

Detailed ways

1 to 5 show a particularly preferred embodiment of a direct current switch 1 or parts of an arc quenching device 6 of such a direct current switch 1 , wherein the direct current switch 1 has at least one electrical input 2 and at least one electrical output 3 , and With at least one first switch contact 4 and a movable jumper 20, wherein the DC switch 1 also has an arc extinguishing device 6, wherein the arc extinguishing device 6 has at least one first arc extinguishing chamber 7, which contains a plurality of arc extinguishing plates 9, wherein the first arc extinguishing plates 27 of these arc extinguishing plates 9 are shaped, in particular bent, in such a way that the Lorentz forces 12 in the first arc extinguishing chamber 7 are respectively extinguished along the arc 11 caused by the switching process. The orientation of the arc 9 plays a role.

This makes it possible to create a direct current switch 1 which has a high switching capacity in direct current and which is therefore suitable for switching high power direct currents. Such a direct current switch 1 has a high degree of safety, in particular with respect to thermal disturbances.

The present invention relates to a switch which is provided and specially constructed for switching direct current. In particular, the invention relates to a DC switch 1 which is arranged and constructed to routinely switch high voltages in the range of operating voltages of several hundred volts (eg 600V) and for switching on high voltages in the double digit amperage range. current.

The invention is described in detail below on the basis of a preferred embodiment of a DC switch 1 with a single opening. However, it is also possible to provide an embodiment with several parallel openings, so that a connectable current path is provided.

The DC switch 1 has an electrical input 2 and an electrical output 3 , which are preferably designed as clamping screws, as also shown in FIG. 1 . In addition, the DC switch 1 also has an insulating material housing.

In its illustrated and preferred embodiment, the DC switch 1 has individual openings, but a double opening of these individual openings can also be provided. Provision is preferably made for the DC switch 1 to have, in addition to the first switching contact 4 , a second switching contact 5 which is arranged fixed to the housing and can be electrically conductively connected via a movable jumper 20 so that An electrically conductive current path is formed from the input 2 to the output 3 . It is provided here that the position of the jumper 20 can be controlled manually via the control lever 19 . It is preferably provided that the control lever 19 acts on the jumper 20 via a snap-action mechanism in order to open and close the opening suddenly. It can also be provided that the DC switch 1 is designed as a so-called automatic switch, which has one or more releases, for example overload current releases and/or short-circuit releases. Provision is also preferably made for the direct current switch 1 to have a locking mechanism, in particular designed itself as an automatic switch.

It is also possible to provide a non-illustrated embodiment of the direct current switch 1 which, apart from the first switch contact 4, only has a movable jumper 20 which is connected to the output 3, for example via a flexible wire, in order to form a Current path through DC switch 1.

When the switch contacts are closed, current flows from the electrical input 2 to the first switch contact 4 through the shown DC switch 1 and from the first switch contact to the second switch contact 5 through the jumper 20 and on to Electrical output terminal 3. Although the jumper 20 here has two areas designed as electrical contacts in order to make contact with the first switching contact 4 and the second switching contact 5 , it is only referred to as jumper 20 in the terminology of the present application. It can also be provided that the first switching contact 4 and the second switching contact 5 are also designed as movable electrical contacts.

The direct current switch 1 also has an arc extinguishing device 6 in order to extinguish an arc 11 which occurs during switching. It is thereby to be avoided that a current also flows through the DC switch 1 due to the so-called “stretched” arc 11 and also damages the DC switch 1 due to the thermal effect of the arc 11 . Such arcs 11 occur in particular during the breaking process. “Opening operation” here means that the jumper 20 is separated from the first and second electrical switching contacts 4 , 5 in order to interrupt the current flow through the DC switch 1 . The physical relationship when the arc 11 is ignited is described by the laws of electromagnetic induction.

FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of an arc extinguishing device 6 in which a DC switch is provided with a first and a second switching contact 4 , 5 . In the illustration according to FIG. 2 , the first switching contact 4 and the second switching contact 5 are shown, but the other contacts are not shown, merely to illustrate their arrangement with respect to the respective switching chamber 7 , 8 . This applies to the jumper 20 also shown in FIG. 2 .

In the preferred exemplary embodiment shown, the quenching device 6 has a first quenching chamber 7 and a second quenching chamber 8 . It is preferably provided here that the first quenching chamber 7 is associated with the first switching contact 7 and the second quenching chamber 8 is associated with the second switching contact 5 , wherein if the second switching contact 5 is not present, the An embodiment with only the first quenching chamber 7 is provided. The term "subordination" in this context refers to such an arrangement of the relevant quenching chamber 7, 8 with respect to the mentioned switching contacts 4, 5 that an arc 11 generated at the switching contacts 4, 5 is generated in the relevant quenching chamber 7, 8 or above to find its path. FIG. 2 shows the two switching contacts in the area of each interrupter 7 , 8 .

In the preferred exemplary embodiment shown, it is provided that the first quenching chamber 7 and the second quenching chamber 8 are arranged parallel next to each other in the DC switch 1 , as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 .

A plurality of arc extinguishing plates 9 are respectively arranged in the first arc extinguishing chamber 7 and the second arc extinguishing chamber 8 . The arc extinguishing plates 9 are preferably arranged substantially vertically on the arc path 18 , wherein there is in each case a distance between the arc extinguishing plates 9 arranged next to each other. As long as the first and second quenching chambers 7 , 8 are provided, at least one quenching plate 9 of the first quenching chamber 7 is electrically conductively connected to the quenching plate 9 of the second quenching chamber 8 .

The quenching plate 9 preferably consists of an electrically and magnetically conductive metal, preferably containing iron. Provision is also preferably made for the quenching plates 9 to be designed essentially in conformity with one another. In particular, it can be provided here that the individual quenching plates 9 are designed to be larger than most of these quenching plates 9 . The arc extinguishing plate 9 protruding from the overall composite structure of the arc extinguishing plate 9 is arranged in particular in the area closest to the movement track of the jumper wire 20 .

When current is flowing through the DC switch 1, if the jumper 20 is moved away from the first switch contact 4 and the second switch contact 5, an arc 11 is generated from the first switch contact 4 to the jumper 20 and from the jumper. Another arc 11 from line 20 to switch contact 5 .

Around the determined length of the air gap to be bridged by the arc 11 , they jump to the quenching plate 9 of the quenching chamber 7 , 8 . It is shown here that the arcs 11 that are generated at this time have a surprising stability and that these arcs 11 continue to exist on the relevant arc chute 9 on which the arcs make contact until a direct current occurs. Thermal disturbance of switch 1. This problem is not known in alternating current technology, since an alternating current arc that occurs is quickly extinguished due to the ongoing zero crossing of the applied voltage.

It is therefore provided that the first quenching plates 27 of these quenching plates 9 are shaped, in particular bent, in such a way that on the arc 11 caused by the switching process in the first quenching chamber 7 the Lorentz force 12 is in each case along the arc quenching The orientation of the plate 9 plays a role. The first quenching plate 27 is here the quenching plate 9 which is configured differently from the other quenching plate 9 . The arc 11 caused by the switching process can thus be driven in the direction of the quenching plate 9 so that the energy of the arc 11 can be quickly dissipated.

In particular, it can be provided that the first quenching plate 27 delimits the quenching plate stack of the quenching plates 9 of the first quenching chamber 7 . According to FIGS. 1 , 3 , 4 and 5 it can be provided that the first quenching plate 27 is arranged at the end of the quenching plate stack of the quenching plates 9 . In particular, the first quenching plate 27 can be part of a quenching panel stack of the quenching panels 9 . Furthermore, it can be provided that the first quenching plate 27 is arranged on the first end of the quenching plate stack of the quenching plates 9, which is arranged adjacent to a position of the jumper 20, if the jumper If the wire 20 is separated from the switch contacts 4, 5, the jumper wire takes up this position. The arc 11 is thus able to jump over the first quenching plate 27 well, wherein the arc 11 is formed between the switching contacts 4 , 5 and the first quenching plate 27 directly after said jumping.

In particular, it can be provided that the first quenching plate 27 is arranged adjacent to the movement path of the jumper 20 . In particular, it can be provided that the first quenching plate 27 is arranged on the path of movement of the jumper 20 in the quenching device 6 , in particular in the first quenching chamber 7 and/or the second quenching chamber 8 . When the jumper 20 is turned on, the part of the jumper 20 in contact with the first switch contact 4 and/or the second switch contact 5 moves along the movement track of the jumper 20 . When switching on, the arc 11 is therefore also initially pulled along the path of motion of the jumper 20 . By arranging the first arc extinguishing plate 27 on the moving track of the jumper 20 , the end of the arc 11 can easily pass from the jumper 20 to the first arc extinguishing plate 27 .

Furthermore, it can be provided in particular that the first quenching plate 27 has a receptacle 30 and that a contact stop part 31 made of an insulating material is arranged in the receptacle 30 . The contact stop part 31 is arranged here in particular in such a way that it forms a stop for the jumper 20 so that it can be arranged directly adjoining the first quenching plate 27 in the open state.

In particular, provision can be made for the first quenching plate 27 to be designed in a u-shape. Due to this u-shaped configuration (as shown in FIG. 4 ), Lorentz forces 12 can be induced particularly easily in the direction of the quenching plate 9 . Furthermore, the local field strength can be increased by the U-shaped curved surface. In this case, the first quenching plate 27 can be divided into a first edge 28 and a second edge 29 by a U-shaped curved region.

Furthermore, in particular it can be provided that the first edge 28 of the first U-shaped quenching plate 27 is electrically conductively connected to a region of the DC switch 1 which is at a potential. The current of the arc 11 can thus be dissipated via the first quenching plate 27 . Furthermore, the additional use of magnets can thus be omitted, since the Lorentz force 12 can be generated by the electric current of the arc 11 itself. Another advantage is that the stronger the current intensity of the arc 11 and therefore the more dangerous the arc 11 is, the intensity of the Lorentz force 12 also increases and the arc 11 can be extinguished quickly and reliably in the arc chute 9 .

In particular, provision can be made for the first edge 28 of the first u-shaped quenching plate 27 to be electrically conductively connected to the electrical output 3 . In particular, it can be provided here that the end of the first leg 28 is substantially electrically conductively connected to the electrical output 3 , so that the current of the arc 11 flows at least partially through the first leg 28 .

Furthermore, it can be provided that the second edge 29 of the first u-shaped quenching plate 27 is arranged substantially parallel to the adjacently arranged quenching plate 9 . A plane-parallel interspace 32 is thus formed between the second edge 29 and the adjacently arranged quenching plate 9 . Here, the arc 11 is drawn into the gap 32 by the Lorentz force 12 , so that the energy of the arc 11 can be effectively dissipated. Such plane-parallel gaps 32 can in particular lead to a spreading direction 25 of the arc 11 away from the switching contacts 4 , 5 .

Furthermore, it can be provided that the first edge 28 and the second edge 29 of the first u-shaped quenching plate 27 are arranged substantially parallel to one another. If the end of the arc 11 passes from the jumper 20 to the first quenching plate 27 during the breaking process, a particularly strong Lorentzian arc can be formed in the direction of the quenching plate 9 by the structure shown in particular in FIG. Force 12.

FIG. 1 shows here a particularly preferred embodiment of a direct current switch 1 , according to which the direct current switch 1 is provided with at least one electrical input 2 and at least one electrical output 3 and has at least one first switch contact 4 and possibly Active jumper 20, wherein the DC switch 1 also has an arc extinguishing device 6, wherein the arc extinguishing device 6 has at least one first arc extinguishing chamber 7, which contains a plurality of arc extinguishing plates 9, wherein the first arc extinguishing plates 27 form U-shaped, the first edge 28 of the u-shaped first arc extinguishing plate 27 is conductively connected to the electrical output terminal 3, and the second edge 29 of the u-shaped first arc extinguishing plate 27 is arranged substantially Parallel to the adjacently arranged quenching plates 9 , wherein the first edge 28 and the second edge 29 of the first u-shaped quenching plate 27 are arranged substantially parallel to each other. In such a configuration, a particularly favorable behavior of the arc 11 can be achieved.

FIG. 4 shows a preferred embodiment in a first state of the arc 11, wherein the end of the arc 11 passes from the especially potential-free jumper 20 onto the first quenching plate 27, which is connected to the first output Terminal 3 is electrically connected. As indicated by the arrows, the current of the arc 11 flows through this u-shaped region and also flows out via the first edge 28 in the direction of the electrical output 3 . In this case, a magnetic field is generated by the current in the u-shaped region and the first edge 28 , which generates the Lorentz force 12 in the direction of the quenching plate 9 and in particular away from the jumper 20 .

FIG. 5 shows FIG. 4 substantially in a second state of the arc 11 , which substantially directly follows the first state of FIG. 4 . By passing the arc 11 into the gap 32 between the second edge 29 and the adjacent arc extinguishing plate 9, a current is generated in the second edge 29, wherein the current path in the second edge 29 follows the arc 11 in the The penetration depth in the void 32 increases. This further increases the Lorentz force 12 , which pushes the arc into the quenching plate, so that a particularly rapid dissipation of the arc 11 is achieved.

Preferably, it can also be provided that the quenching device 6 has a second quenching chamber 8 which has a plurality of quenching plates 9 and in which a first quenching plate 27 is likewise arranged. The first quenching plate 27 of the second quenching chamber 8 is configured identically to the first quenching plate 27 of the first quenching chamber 7 .

It can be provided here that the DC switch 1 has at least one arc path 18 which is electrically conductively connected to the first switching contact 4 and which is arranged opposite the quenching plate 9 in the DC switch 1 . And placed. Depending on the design of the DC switch 1 , it can be provided here that the arc path 18 is part of the first quenching chamber 7 . Thus, an electrically attractive path can be provided for the arc 11 . Via the arc path 18 , the arc 11 is pulled away from the first switching contact 4 in the direction 26 , wherein it passes over the stack of arc quenching plates and loses energy in each case there.

Claims (11)

1. a direct current switch (1), it has at least one electrical input (2) and at least one electric output (3), and there is at least one the first switch contact (4) and mobilizable wire jumper (20), wherein direct current switch (1) also has arc-control device (6), wherein this arc-control device (6) has at least one first arc control device (7), it comprises multiple arc extinguishing board (9), it is characterized in that, at least one first arc extinguishing board (27) in these arc extinguishing boards (9) is shaped like this, especially so bending, namely on the electric arc caused by switching process (11), in the first arc control device (7), Lorentz force (12) works along the direction of arc extinguishing board (9) respectively.

2. direct current switch (1) according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the first arc extinguishing board (27) is configured to u shape.

3. direct current switch (1) according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, first arris (28) of the first arc extinguishing board (27) in u shape is connected conductively with the position be positioned on an electromotive force of direct current switch (1).

4. direct current switch (1) according to claim 3, is characterized in that, first arris (28) of the first arc extinguishing board (27) in u shape is connected conductively with electric output (3).

5. the direct current switch (1) according to any one of claim 2 to 4, it is characterized in that, second arris (29) of the first arc extinguishing board (27) in u shape arranges substantially parallel with the arc extinguishing board be disposed adjacent (9).

6. direct current switch (1) according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the first arris (28) and second arris (29) of the first arc extinguishing board (27) in u shape are arranged substantially parallel to each other.

7. direct current switch (1) according to any one of claim 1 to 6, is characterized in that, the first arc extinguishing board (27) limits the border of the arc extinguishing board stacking of the arc extinguishing board (9) of the first arc control device (7).

8. direct current switch (1) according to any one of claim 1 to 7, is characterized in that, the first arc extinguishing board (27) arranges adjoin with the tracks of wire jumper (20).

9. direct current switch (1) according to any one of claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that, first arc extinguishing board (27) has accommodation section (30), and in accommodation section (30), arrange the contact block component (31) be made up of insulating material.

10. direct current switch (1) according to any one of claim 1 to 9, it is characterized in that, it has second switch contact (5), and in order to set up the current path from input (2) to the conduction of output (3), the first switch contact (4) is connected by wire jumper (20) conductively with second switch contact (5).

11. direct current switches (1) according to any one of claim 1 to 10, it is characterized in that, arc-control device (6) has the second arc control device (8), these arc control device have multiple arc extinguishing board (9), and in the second arc control device (8), be provided with one first arc extinguishing board (27) equally.