CN104810807A - A Hybrid HVDC Circuit Breaker for 10kV Distribution Network - Google Patents
A Hybrid HVDC Circuit Breaker for 10kV Distribution Network Download PDFInfo
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- CN104810807A CN104810807A CN201510155603.3A CN201510155603A CN104810807A CN 104810807 A CN104810807 A CN 104810807A CN 201510155603 A CN201510155603 A CN 201510155603A CN 104810807 A CN104810807 A CN 104810807A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a 10kV power distribution network hybrid high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker, belonging to the field of direct-current circuit breakers applied to 10kV direct-current power distribution networks. The circuit breaker does not need active devices such as a charging capacitor to assist zero crossing, is simple to control and high in reliability, and meets the requirements of direct current transmission networks and direct current distribution networks in China on the direct current circuit breaker.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of direct-current circuit breakers applied to 10kV direct-current distribution networks, and relates to a hybrid direct-current circuit breaker based on a quick mechanical switch and a power electronic solid-state switch.
Background
In the face of rapid development of economic society, users put forward requirements on power systems, such as environmental friendliness, safety, reliability, high-quality economy, support of bidirectional interaction between users and power grids, and the like. With the rapid increase of urban scale, the continuous development of distributed energy sources and the increase of power load types, a direct current power distribution system with a voltage class of 10kV shows obvious advantages in the aspects of large-capacity power transmission, distributed energy source access, providing reactive compensation of an alternating current system and the like, and becomes an important field in the aspect of power supply and utilization application of an urban power grid in the current-stage direct current system, particularly a flexible direct current system. In addition, the direct-current-based power distribution network can rapidly and independently control active power and reactive power, isolate the propagation of alternating-current power grid faults and improve the power quality problems of harmonic pollution, voltage interruption, waveform flicker and the like easily generated by the traditional alternating-current power distribution network. Therefore, the research on the safe, reliable, economic and stable direct-current power distribution network has huge market value and economic value, has important significance on the stability, flexibility and intelligence of the whole power system, and has very wide prospect of the future direct-current power distribution system.
Currently, in a 10kV dc distribution system, dc fault currents are cut off mainly by blocking the converter or opening the ac breaker. If the existing method is applied to a direct-current power distribution network, the whole direct-current power distribution system is stopped for a short time, and huge impact is caused on an alternating-current system which runs in parallel, so that the reliability of system power supply is seriously reduced; for the high-voltage transmission line, due to the limitation of fault removal, a point-to-point mode can be adopted usually. If the direct-current circuit breaker with the maximum current breaking capacity of ms can be applied to a direct-current power distribution system to quickly remove the fault of direct-current equipment or a direct-current branch, the stable operation of the non-fault part of the direct-current power distribution system can be ensured, and the reliability is greatly improved; the point-to-point direct current transmission line can also be expanded into a direct current transmission network, and convenience is provided for large-scale access of distributed energy.
The fault current breaking in a 10kV dc distribution system mainly has the following difficulties:
firstly, because the current in the direct current system does not have a natural zero crossing point, if the traditional alternating current circuit breaker is adopted to cut off the direct current, the arc extinction is very difficult;
after the direct current is cut off, a large overvoltage can be generated, and meanwhile, a large amount of energy stored in a direct current system needs to be absorbed;
and thirdly, the fault current in the direct current system rapidly rises within a few milliseconds, so that the direct current breaker needs to rapidly act in the millisecond level, and the fault is cut off before the current reaches the peak value, so that the fault diffusion, the equipment damage and even the disconnection of the direct current system are prevented.
The traditional mechanical alternating current circuit breaker has the switching-on and switching-off time of dozens to hundreds of ms and long switching-off time, and can not meet the requirement of quickly switching off direct current fault current. The traditional mechanical circuit breaker can not meet the requirement of the existing direct current system for breaking fault current.
With the development of power electronic technology and rapid mechanical switching technology, the existing circuit breakers meeting the on-off requirements of direct current systems mainly have three schemes: the circuit breaker comprises an artificial zero crossing point circuit breaker based on a quick mechanical switch, a solid-state circuit breaker based on a power electronic technology and a natural current conversion type hybrid circuit breaker based on the power electronic technology and the quick mechanical switch technology. The three solutions were compared with the performance of the conventional mechanical circuit breaker described previously, as shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 comparison of advantages and disadvantages of four DC breakers
The existing manual zero-crossing circuit breaker needs a large active capacitor, forms a manual oscillation zero-crossing loop with an inductor, is large in size, complex to control and low in reliability, and is difficult to remedy if the circuit breaker fails to be switched on and switched off.
In the existing hybrid direct current circuit breaker scheme proposed by ABB and the like, a main current branch is connected in series by adopting a mechanical switch and an auxiliary switch. The auxiliary switch is a power electronic switch, and has larger conduction loss during normal operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a 10kV direct current distribution network hybrid high-voltage direct current circuit breaker. Meanwhile, the mechanical switch is used as a main current branch circuit in a normal conduction state, so that the on-state loss is low, and complex and reliable cooling equipment is not needed. The control is simple and the reliability is high. Because the voltage class is 10kV, the number of the existing high-voltage power electronic devices is limited, and the cost is not high.
The invention provides a 10kV direct current distribution network hybrid high-voltage direct current circuit breaker which is characterized by being based on a natural commutation type hybrid direct current circuit breaker, and comprising a main current branch, a main circuit breaker branch, an overvoltage protection and energy absorption branch and a measurement control system, wherein the three branches are connected in parallel, and the measurement control system is respectively connected with the three branches and used for controlling the working time sequence of the three branches.
The main current branch may consist of a high-speed mechanical switch FCB with a vacuum interrupter.
The high-speed mechanical switch can be composed of an operating mechanism and a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber.
The main circuit breaker branch circuit can be formed by connecting four groups of Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristors (IGCTs) in series, and each IGCT device is connected with a dynamic voltage-sharing element, a static voltage-sharing element and an overvoltage protection element in parallel and used for switching on and off current.
The IGCT can adopt any commercially available IGCT with the voltage grade of more than 5kV and the maximum turn-off current of more than 3kA, and a main circuit breaker branch formed by connecting the IGCTs in series needs to meet the requirements that the overvoltage is more than 20kV and the turn-off current is more than 3 kA; the dynamic voltage-sharing element is used for avoiding damage to a single power electronic device due to overlarge overvoltage caused by inconsistency of the device and a driving signal, and the dynamic voltage-sharing element adopts an RC dynamic voltage-sharing element; the static voltage-sharing element is mainly used for balancing the uneven leakage current between the series devices in a turn-off state, and adopts a power resistor with a resistance value far smaller than the blocking resistance of the power electronic device; the overvoltage protection element is formed by a lightning arrester.
The overvoltage limiting and energy absorbing branch can be composed of an arrester and is used for absorbing residual energy in a line after the switch is switched off and limiting overvoltage borne by the switch.
The measurement control system can comprise a plurality of current sensors, a voltage sensor, a plurality of displacement sensors and a measurement signal processing unit consisting of a signal conditioning circuit, an AD sampling circuit, a processor and a human-computer interaction interface; wherein, the current sensors are respectively connected in series at the signal input end of the open circuit and the signal input end of each branch circuit; the voltage sensors are connected in parallel with the high-speed mechanical switch FCB, each of the power electrical devices, and with the overvoltage limiting and energy absorbing branches, respectively.
The displacement sensor is installed at each FCB and used for measuring the fracture breaking distance of each FCB.
The signal processing unit is connected with each sensor through a signal wire and receives a signal of the sensor, and a signal conditioning circuit, a high-speed AD, a processor and a human-computer interaction interface of the signal processing unit are sequentially connected; the processor calculates the current amplitude and the change rate di/dt of the circuit according to the current data obtained through conditioning and AD conversion, and judges whether fault current occurs or not, so that the action of the circuit breaker is controlled.
The hybrid high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker for the 10kV direct-current power distribution network has the advantages that:
1. according to the natural current conversion type hybrid high-voltage direct current circuit breaker, the main current branch circuit does not have the solid-state switch as the auxiliary switch, so that the on-state loss can be ignored, and a complex cooling system is not needed under normal operation. When the circuit is switched on and switched off, the current is transferred from the mechanical switch to the power electronic branch circuit under the action of the electric arc, and the circuit is switched on and switched off.
2. The natural current conversion type hybrid high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker does not need active devices such as a charging capacitor to assist zero crossing, and is simple to control and high in reliability.
3. The invention can meet the requirement of a 10kV direct-current distribution network in China on the direct-current circuit breaker.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker of a 10kV distribution network of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the measurement system components and the voltage and current measurement points of the circuit breaker of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the current flow when the circuit breaker of the present invention is opened.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the current waveform during the circuit breaker turn-off process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The 10kV power distribution network hybrid high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker is based on a natural commutation type hybrid direct-current circuit breaker, and the structure of the circuit breaker is shown in figure 1. The device mainly comprises a main current branch, a main breaker branch, three branches of an overvoltage limiting and energy absorbing branch and a measurement control system; the three branches are connected in parallel, and the measurement control system is respectively connected with the three branches and used for controlling the working time sequence of the three branches.
The hybrid high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker is suitable for 10kV power distribution networks, and can replace a traditional mechanical circuit breaker and other types of circuit breakers.
The specific embodiments of the components of the circuit breaker of the present invention are described as follows:
the main current branch is composed of a high-speed mechanical switch FCB, and is a current path under the condition of safe operation of the direct current system, as shown by an upper broken line frame in fig. 2. The high-speed mechanical switch consists of an operating mechanism and an arc extinguish chamber, wherein the operating mechanism is a high-speed switch based on electromagnetic repulsion. The arc-extinguishing chamber can adopt a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber
The main breaker branch is composed of a plurality of IGCTs connected in series, and each IGCT is connected with a dynamic voltage-sharing element, a static voltage-sharing element and an overvoltage protection element in parallel and used for breaking current, as shown by a dashed line frame in the middle of figure 1. The IGCTs can bear static direct-current system voltage and short-time overvoltage during turn-off after being connected in series. The dynamic voltage-sharing element connected with each power electronic device in parallel is used for avoiding damage of the single power electronic device due to overlarge overvoltage caused by inconsistency of the device and a driving signal, and the dynamic voltage-sharing element is an RC voltage-sharing element formed by connecting a resistor and a capacitor in series. The static voltage-sharing element connected with each power electronic device in parallel is mainly used for balancing the uneven leakage current between the series devices in an off state, and a power resistor with a resistance value far smaller than the blocking resistance of the power electronic device is used as the static voltage-sharing element. The overvoltage protection element connected in parallel with each power electronic device is formed by a lightning arrester. The number of the power electronic devices connected in series with the main breaker branch is determined according to the rated voltage of a single power electronic device and the total overvoltage to be borne; the number of power electronics parallel elements in the main breaker branch is determined by the rated current of the individual power electronics and the maximum current that needs to be switched off.
The overvoltage limiting and energy absorbing branch consists of an arrester and is used for absorbing residual energy in a line after the switch is switched off and limiting overvoltage borne by the switch, and the overvoltage limiting and energy absorbing branch is shown in a lower broken line box of fig. 1.
The measurement control system of the circuit breaker comprises four current sensors A0, A1, A2 and A3, voltage sensors V1-Vn, U0-Un, displacement sensors L1-Ln and a measurement signal processing unit consisting of a signal conditioning circuit, an AD sampling circuit, a processor and a human-computer interaction interface. As shown in fig. 2: wherein,
1. electric powerFlow sensors a0, a1, a2, A3: connected in series at the signal input of the circuit breaker module and at the signal input of each branch, i.e. a0, for measuring the overall current I flowing through the circuit breaker module0A1 measuring main current branch current I1A2 measurement main breaker branch current I2A3 measuring the current I of the overvoltage limiting circuit3。
2. Voltage sensors V1 and U0 to Un: v1 is connected in parallel with the high-speed mechanical switch FCB, is used for measuring the fracture voltage V1 and U1-Un of the high-speed mechanical switch and is respectively connected in parallel with each power electric device, and is used for measuring the voltage at two ends of each power electronic device, and U0 is connected in parallel with the overvoltage limiting and energy absorbing branch.
3. Displacement sensors L1 to Ln: and the device is arranged at each FCB and used for measuring the fracture breaking distance of each FCB.
4. The signal processing unit is connected with each sensor through a signal wire and receives the signal of the sensor, and a signal conditioning circuit, a high-speed AD, a processor and a human-computer interaction interface of the signal processing unit are sequentially connected. The processor calculates the current amplitude and the change rate di/dt of the circuit according to the current data obtained through conditioning and AD conversion, and judges whether fault current occurs or not, so that the action of the circuit breaker is controlled. Therefore, the direct current breaker not only provides an interface for external control, but also can actively control to play the role of a current limiter.
The following describes a breaking process and a closing process of the natural current conversion type hybrid dc circuit breaker module, taking a dc hybrid switch with two fractures in a single module as an example, as shown in fig. 3:
1. 10kV distribution network excess mixing formula high voltage direct current circuit breaker breaking process.
1) Before time t0, the system normal operation current is fully passed from the main current branch, i.e. the mechanical switch is closed, and the IGCT is also in a closed state. The rated voltage of the system is U0, and the current path is shown in figure 3 (a).
2) Starting at time t1, the measurement control system detects fault current, sends out a breaker action instruction, the power electronic devices are all opened, the high-speed mechanical switch acts, the fracture generates electric arcs, and the voltage at two ends of the power electronic devices connected in series with the main breaker branch circuit is equal to the arc voltage of the fracture. Since the arc voltage is higher than the sum of the conduction voltage drops of the IGCT, the arc current begins to divert to the main breaker branch. As shown in FIG. 3(b)
3) At time t2, the current is fully diverted to the main breaker branch and the arc is extinguished. At this time, control keeps the power electronic device in an on state until the insulation strength of the FCB break recovers to a value that can withstand the overvoltage and dc voltage at the time of turn-off. As shown in FIG. 3(c)
4) At the time of t3, the FCB fracture insulation strength recovers to the state that the FCB fracture insulation strength can bear overvoltage and direct-current voltage during turn-off, the IGCTs of the main breaker branch circuits are all turned off, and during the turn-off process, the dynamic voltage equalizing circuit and the voltage limiting circuit of the single-group IGCT limit the overvoltage of a single device during turn-off not to exceed the safe working area of the device.
5) After the main breaker is turned off, the current flows through the voltage limiting and energy absorbing branches, gradually decreases to the level of leakage current, and the breaking is finished, as shown in fig. 3 (d).
The above is the breaking process of the circuit breaker, the waveform of the current flowing through each branch of the circuit breaker module in the breaking process is shown in fig. 4, t 1-t 2 is the process of transferring the current from the main current branch to the main circuit breaker branch, t 2-t 3 is the process of keeping the power electronic device on to recover the insulation strength of the FCB break, and t 3-t 4 is the energy absorption process of breaking the overvoltage limiting branch.
2. Switching-on process of natural current conversion type hybrid direct current breaker module
The closing process is opposite to the breaking process, the mechanical switch is kept to be broken firstly, the power electronic device is opened, and at the moment, current flows through the branch of the main breaker; the FCB is closed, the power electronics are turned off, and the current is all diverted to the main current branch. Referring to the breaking process, the closing process is simple, and is not described in detail again by the pictures and texts.
The 10kV power distribution network hybrid high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker is based on the principle of natural commutation, and a main current branch circuit does not have a solid-state switch as an auxiliary switch, so that the on-state loss can be ignored, and a complex cooling system is not needed under normal operation. When the circuit is switched on and switched off, the current is transferred from the mechanical switch to the power electronic branch circuit under the action of the electric arc, and the circuit is switched on and switched off. If the voltage level needs to be improved, the series connection number of the power electronic devices needs to be increased, and the arc voltage of the FCB arc extinguish chamber during arc discharge is ensured to be larger than the sum of on-state voltage drops of the power electronic devices. The 10kV power distribution network hybrid high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker does not need an active device such as a charging capacitor to assist zero crossing, and is simple to control and high in reliability.
Claims (8)
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106207953A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Large power mixed dc circuit breaker |
| CN106206208A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | The hybrid dc circuit breaker that great power bidirectional cut-offs |
| CN107203655A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-09-26 | 全球能源互联网研究院 | The numerical modeling method of mixed type dc circuit breaker |
| CN107394767A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-11-24 | 全球能源互联网研究院 | A kind of bypass fast protection circuit for dc circuit breaker |
| CN107645291A (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2018-01-30 | 全球能源互联网研究院 | A kind of the Unidirectional direct-current breaker and its application process of IGBT module cascade |
| CN107666140A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2018-02-06 | 天津大学 | A kind of combined DC breaker and its control method with multiple terminals |
| CN108288849A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-07-17 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of superconducting current-limiting formula low-loss mixed DC breaker and its drop-out current method |
| CN110010408A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-07-12 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A power electronic high voltage AC circuit breaker |
| CN112927978A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-08 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Dynamic capacitor voltage-sharing device and method for circuit breaker |
| CN114221304A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2022-03-22 | 国网河北省电力有限公司雄安新区供电公司 | Low-voltage direct-current distribution network source network load cooperative protection strategy based on solid-state circuit breaker |
| CN115911011A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-04-04 | 北京智慧能源研究院 | Power semiconductor device series connection voltage-sharing structure and power semiconductor device |
| WO2023087429A1 (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-05-25 | 广东福德电子有限公司 | Hybrid circuit breaker based on line inductance energy self-measurement, and storage medium thereof and control method therefor |
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| CN107645291B (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2022-08-05 | 全球能源互联网研究院 | IGBT module cascaded unidirectional direct current breaker and application method thereof |
| CN107645291A (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2018-01-30 | 全球能源互联网研究院 | A kind of the Unidirectional direct-current breaker and its application process of IGBT module cascade |
| CN106207953A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Large power mixed dc circuit breaker |
| CN106206208A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | The hybrid dc circuit breaker that great power bidirectional cut-offs |
| CN107203655A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-09-26 | 全球能源互联网研究院 | The numerical modeling method of mixed type dc circuit breaker |
| CN107394767B (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2020-01-03 | 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 | Bypass quick protection circuit for direct current circuit breaker |
| CN107394767A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-11-24 | 全球能源互联网研究院 | A kind of bypass fast protection circuit for dc circuit breaker |
| CN107666140A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2018-02-06 | 天津大学 | A kind of combined DC breaker and its control method with multiple terminals |
| CN108288849A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-07-17 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of superconducting current-limiting formula low-loss mixed DC breaker and its drop-out current method |
| CN110010408A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-07-12 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A power electronic high voltage AC circuit breaker |
| CN112927978A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-08 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Dynamic capacitor voltage-sharing device and method for circuit breaker |
| CN112927978B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2023-06-23 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A circuit breaker dynamic capacitor voltage equalization device and method |
| CN114221304A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2022-03-22 | 国网河北省电力有限公司雄安新区供电公司 | Low-voltage direct-current distribution network source network load cooperative protection strategy based on solid-state circuit breaker |
| CN114221304B (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2024-01-23 | 国网河北省电力有限公司雄安新区供电公司 | A source-grid-load collaborative protection strategy for low-voltage DC distribution network based on solid-state circuit breakers |
| WO2023087429A1 (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-05-25 | 广东福德电子有限公司 | Hybrid circuit breaker based on line inductance energy self-measurement, and storage medium thereof and control method therefor |
| CN115911011A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-04-04 | 北京智慧能源研究院 | Power semiconductor device series connection voltage-sharing structure and power semiconductor device |
| CN115911011B (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-09-22 | 北京智慧能源研究院 | Series voltage equalizing structure of power semiconductor device and power semiconductor device |
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