CN104819694A - Flexible board-shaped structural form sensing and reconfiguring experiment platform - Google Patents
Flexible board-shaped structural form sensing and reconfiguring experiment platform Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种柔性板状结构形态感知与重构实验平台。该实验平台包括一个实验基台、一块表面粘贴有离散分布式正交光纤光栅测点的柔性板状结构、一台任意函数信号发生器、一台信号功率放大器、一台激振器及其固定装置、一台三维滑台、一台激光位移传感器、一台光纤光栅网络分析仪及仪载计算机、一个服务器计算机以及一个实验基台,组成方便,构成简单,可以对柔性板状结构动态振动效果进行在线分析和实验效果评估,能够方便的开展各种结构拟合重构算法的研究。
The invention relates to an experimental platform for form perception and reconstruction of a flexible plate structure. The experimental platform includes an experimental base, a flexible plate structure with discrete distributed orthogonal fiber grating measuring points pasted on the surface, an arbitrary function signal generator, a signal power amplifier, a vibrator and its fixed The device, a three-dimensional slide table, a laser displacement sensor, a fiber grating network analyzer, an instrument-mounted computer, a server computer, and an experimental base are conveniently composed and simple in composition, and can be used to analyze the dynamic vibration effect of a flexible plate structure. On-line analysis and experimental effect evaluation can facilitate the research of various structure fitting and reconstruction algorithms.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种柔性板状结构形态感知与重构实验平台,特别是涉及一种针对一端固定的柔性板状结构形态感知与重构实验平台。 The invention relates to a form perception and reconstruction experiment platform of a flexible plate-like structure, in particular to a form perception and reconstruction experiment platform of a flexible plate-like structure fixed at one end.
背景技术 Background technique
针对柔性板状结构形态感知与重构问题,现有技术方法中主要有基于视觉和基于非视觉的两类,其中基于视觉的基本方法是以图像检测技术为基础,利用LED阵列提供光源、CCD传感器采集图像信息,通过计算机图像处理软件,实现板状结构成像的目的;基于非视觉的基本方法是获取板状结构表面的应变信息,将应变信息转换为曲率信息或者位移信息,并进行几何递推或位移场叠加,利用计算机图形技术实现板状结构形态感知与可视化重构。在上述两类技术方法中,由于非视觉结构形态感知与重构方法具有采集数据量小、实时性高、易于与结构耦合等优点,在航空航天与相关民用领域具有良好的应用前景。 For the problem of shape perception and reconstruction of flexible plate structures, there are mainly two types of existing technology methods based on vision and non-vision. Among them, the basic method based on vision is based on image detection technology, using LED array to provide light source, CCD The sensor collects image information, and realizes the purpose of plate structure imaging through computer image processing software; the basic method based on non-vision is to obtain the strain information on the surface of the plate structure, convert the strain information into curvature information or displacement information, and perform geometric transmission. Pushing or displacement field superposition, using computer graphics technology to realize the shape perception and visual reconstruction of plate-like structures. Among the above two types of technical methods, the non-visual structural shape perception and reconstruction method has the advantages of small amount of collected data, high real-time performance, and easy coupling with structures, and has good application prospects in aerospace and related civil fields.
在非视觉结构形态感知与重构方法中,核心部分是柔性结构形态变化的拟合重构算法,主要分为基于曲率信息的曲面拟合算法和基于应变信息的模态叠加拟合重构算法两大类,前者适用于结构形态变化较大的状况,后者适用于结构高频小幅变形状况。为了验证上述结构形态拟合重构算法的效果和精度,必须采集大量的结构形态变化数据进行误差分析;当前实验分析与验证过程中,主要是通过选取有限测量点,手动移动激光位移传感器或者测量尺等工具进行测量,不仅耗费大量的人力与时间,而且测得的数据量有限,测量精度也无法得到保证。有鉴于此,本发明提出一种柔性板状结构形态感知与重构实验平台,通过离散分布式粘贴正交光纤光栅测点于柔性板状结构表面制作实验模型结构,并结合实验基台、相关仪器装置和测控软件构建实验平台,可以实现柔性板状结构形态变化的拟合重构与实时可视化显示,进而实现形态拟合重构算法的效果验证和数据分析;此外,实验平台还具有自动测量数据、自动记录与保存、同步误差分析的功能,以体现实验过程的高精确性和自动化操作特性。 In the non-visual structure shape perception and reconstruction method, the core part is the fitting reconstruction algorithm of flexible structure shape change, which is mainly divided into surface fitting algorithm based on curvature information and modal superposition fitting reconstruction algorithm based on strain information There are two types, the former is suitable for the situation where the structural shape changes greatly, and the latter is suitable for the situation of small deformation of the structure at high frequency. In order to verify the effect and accuracy of the above structural shape fitting and reconstruction algorithm, a large amount of structural shape change data must be collected for error analysis; in the current experimental analysis and verification process, it is mainly by selecting limited measurement points, manually moving the laser displacement sensor or measuring Measurement with tools such as a ruler not only consumes a lot of manpower and time, but also the amount of measured data is limited, and the measurement accuracy cannot be guaranteed. In view of this, the present invention proposes an experimental platform for form perception and reconstruction of a flexible plate-like structure. The experimental model structure is made on the surface of the flexible plate-like structure by discretely and distributedly pasting orthogonal fiber grating measuring points, and combined with the experimental base, related The experimental platform is built with instruments and measurement and control software, which can realize the fitting reconstruction and real-time visual display of the shape change of the flexible plate structure, and then realize the effect verification and data analysis of the shape fitting reconstruction algorithm; in addition, the experimental platform also has automatic measurement The functions of data, automatic recording and saving, and synchronous error analysis reflect the high accuracy and automatic operation characteristics of the experimental process.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明目的是提供一种针对柔性板状结构形态感知与重构实验平台,可以针对表面粘贴有离散分布式正交光纤光栅测点的柔性板状结构形态感知与重构,以及相关柔性板状结构形态拟合重构算法和实现技术提供实验验证手段。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide an experimental platform for form perception and reconstruction of flexible plate structures, which can be used for form perception and reconstruction of flexible plate structures with discrete distributed orthogonal fiber grating measuring points pasted on the surface, and related flexible plate structures. The structural shape fitting reconstruction algorithm and implementation technology provide experimental verification means.
为达到上述目的,本发明的构思是: To achieve the above object, design of the present invention is:
设计以实验基台作为承载装置,以表面正交粘贴光纤光栅测点的柔性板状结构为实验模型结构,以激振系统构成实验模型结构形变激励源,结合相关仪器装置和测控软件所构建的实验平台,通过离散分布式正交光纤光栅测点所构成的传感网络感知实验模型结构形态变化信息,通过采集结构形态变化信息并在计算机中运行结构形态拟合重构算法,进而实现柔性板状结构形态拟合重构算法的实验验证和数据分析。 The design uses the experimental base as the bearing device, the flexible plate structure with the fiber grating measuring point perpendicular to the surface as the experimental model structure, and the excitation system to constitute the deformation excitation source of the experimental model structure, combined with related instruments and measurement and control software. The experimental platform senses the structural shape change information of the experimental model through the sensor network composed of discrete distributed orthogonal fiber grating measuring points. By collecting the structural shape change information and running the structural shape fitting reconstruction algorithm in the computer, the flexible board is realized. Experimental verification and data analysis of shape fitting reconstruction algorithm for shape structures.
根据上述发明构思,本发明采用如下的技术方案: According to above-mentioned inventive concept, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
一种柔性板状结构形态感知与重构实验平台,包括一种柔性板状结构形态感知与重构实验平台,包括一台任意函数信号发生器、一台信号功率放大器、一台激振器、一块表面粘贴有离散分布式正交光纤光栅测点的柔性板状结构、一台激光位移传感器、一台三维滑台、一个三维滑台控制箱、一台光纤光栅网络分析仪及仪载计算机、一台服务器计算机及一个实验基台,其特征在于:所述任意函数信号发生器的输出经信号功率放大器连接到激振器,激振器可调位与柔性板状结构固定连接在实验基台上实施激振,柔性板状结构上粘贴光纤光栅测点的输出经光纤光栅网络分析仪连接到服务器计算机;所述三维滑台安装在实验基台上,激光位移传感器固定在三维滑台上而能实现对柔性板状结构上的光纤光栅测点的三维移动扫描,激光位移传感器的输出连接到服务器计算机;服务器计算机输出控制信号经三维滑台控制箱连接到三维滑台;所述任意函数信号发生器输出激励信号经过信号功率放大器作用到激振器,激振器对柔性板状结构施加的激励使之产生相应的形态变化和振动响应,粘贴于柔性板状结构表面的离散分布式正交光纤光栅测点所构成的传感网络检测到结构形态变化信号,传输到光纤光栅网络分析仪进行解调,并将所采集的解调数据经仪载计算机传输到服务器计算机上,服务器计算机运行包括结构形态拟合重构算法,实现柔性板状结构形态重构与可视化显示的实验验证和数据分析。 An experimental platform for form perception and reconstruction of a flexible plate structure, including an experimental platform for form perception and reconstruction of a flexible plate structure, including an arbitrary function signal generator, a signal power amplifier, a vibrator, A flexible plate structure with discrete distributed orthogonal fiber grating measuring points pasted on the surface, a laser displacement sensor, a three-dimensional slide table, a three-dimensional slide table control box, a fiber grating network analyzer and an instrument-mounted computer, A server computer and an experimental base, characterized in that: the output of the arbitrary function signal generator is connected to the vibration exciter through the signal power amplifier, and the adjustable position of the vibration exciter is fixedly connected to the flexible plate structure on the experimental base Excitement is implemented on the flexible plate structure, and the output of the fiber grating measuring point pasted on the flexible plate structure is connected to the server computer through the fiber grating network analyzer; the three-dimensional sliding table is installed on the experimental base, and the laser displacement sensor is fixed on the three-dimensional sliding table and The three-dimensional mobile scanning of the fiber grating measuring point on the flexible plate structure can be realized, and the output of the laser displacement sensor is connected to the server computer; the output control signal of the server computer is connected to the three-dimensional sliding table through the three-dimensional sliding table control box; the arbitrary function signal The excitation signal output by the generator is applied to the exciter through the signal power amplifier, and the excitation applied by the exciter to the flexible plate structure causes it to produce corresponding morphological changes and vibration responses. The discrete distributed orthogonal The sensor network formed by the fiber grating measuring points detects the structural shape change signal, transmits it to the fiber grating network analyzer for demodulation, and transmits the demodulated data collected to the server computer through the instrument-mounted computer. The server computer runs including Structural shape fitting reconstruction algorithm, to realize the experimental verification and data analysis of flexible plate structure shape reconstruction and visual display.
上述实验基台表面附有M6的螺纹孔阵列,可以固定激振器,实验模型结构夹具以及三维滑台固定装置。 An array of M6 threaded holes is attached to the surface of the above-mentioned experimental abutment, which can fix the vibrator, the experimental model structure fixture and the three-dimensional slide table fixing device.
上述的激振器可以通过固定装置利用螺栓固定在实验基台上,同时经过特殊设计的固定装置可以在实验基台前后、左右以及上下三个正交方向上自由移动,固定的位置不同,激振点的位置也不同,从而可以满足多种实验选择针对实验模型结构不同激振位置的需求。 The above vibration exciter can be fixed on the experimental base with bolts through the fixing device. At the same time, the specially designed fixing device can move freely in three orthogonal directions: front and rear, left and right, and up and down of the experimental base. The positions of the vibration points are also different, which can meet the needs of various experimental options for different excitation positions of the experimental model structure.
上述的位移检测系统实现了自动测量实验模型结构形变位移数据、智能选取实验模型结构表面检测点以及自动存储检测数据的功能。通过程序编程方式选取将要进行实验模型结构表面位移数据采集的测量点,三维滑台携带激光位移传感器自动运动到相应的位置,软件自动读取激光位移传感器的数据并保存。这种自动化检测方式一方面可以有效地迅速获取检测数据,另一方面显著地提高实验过程与方法验证的精度,减小了测量误差。 The above-mentioned displacement detection system realizes the functions of automatically measuring the deformation and displacement data of the experimental model structure, intelligently selecting the detection points on the surface of the experimental model structure, and automatically storing the detection data. The measurement points to be collected for the surface displacement data of the experimental model structure are selected through program programming, and the three-dimensional sliding table carries the laser displacement sensor to automatically move to the corresponding position, and the software automatically reads and saves the data of the laser displacement sensor. On the one hand, this automatic detection method can effectively and quickly obtain the detection data, on the other hand, it can significantly improve the accuracy of the experimental process and method verification, and reduce the measurement error.
上述的实验模型结构,针对离散分布式光纤光栅测点所构成的传感网络布局问题,采用粒子群算法对测点位置进行了优化分析与配置,通过有限的离散分布式测点布局,最大程度地反应了柔性板状实验模型结构的形变状况,有效提高了结构形态拟合重构算法的实现精度。 For the above-mentioned experimental model structure, aiming at the sensor network layout problem composed of discrete distributed fiber grating measuring points, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the analysis and configuration of the measuring point positions. Through the limited discrete distributed measuring point layout, the maximum degree It accurately reflects the deformation status of the flexible plate experimental model structure, and effectively improves the realization accuracy of the structure shape fitting reconstruction algorithm.
采用上述实验平台进行柔性板状结构形态感知与重构的实验方法,相关操作步骤如下: Using the above-mentioned experimental platform to carry out the experimental method of shape perception and reconstruction of flexible plate-like structures, the relevant operation steps are as follows:
(1) 打开服务器计算机以及运行测控软件; (1) Turn on the server computer and run the measurement and control software;
(2) 初始化坐标系:激光位移传感器激光点位于实验模型结构最下端中间点位置,设为坐标原点; (2) Initialize the coordinate system: the laser point of the laser displacement sensor is located at the middle point of the lowermost end of the experimental model structure, which is set as the coordinate origin;
(3) 启动任意函数信号发生器,并设置激振信号的频率和幅值,启动信号功率放大器,缓慢提高放大增益; (3) Start the arbitrary function signal generator, set the frequency and amplitude of the excitation signal, start the signal power amplifier, and slowly increase the amplification gain;
(4) 启动激振器,对实验模型结构进行激振; (4) Start the vibrator to excite the experimental model structure;
(5) 将激光位移传感器激光点移动至检测点; (5) Move the laser point of the laser displacement sensor to the detection point;
(6) 运行结构形态拟合重构算法,在软件界面观测实验模型结构形态重构效果; (6) Run the structural shape fitting reconstruction algorithm, and observe the structural shape reconstruction effect of the experimental model on the software interface;
(7) 针对某检测点进行误差分析:针对实验模型结构表面某检测点,分析采用激光位移传感器测得的数据,并比较通过结构拟合重构算法所获得的该监测点位置重构数据,通过均方误差分析实现结构形态重构效果验证和精度检验。 (7) Error analysis for a certain detection point: For a certain detection point on the surface of the experimental model structure, analyze the data measured by the laser displacement sensor, and compare the reconstruction data of the monitoring point position obtained by the structure fitting reconstruction algorithm, Through the mean square error analysis, the structural shape reconstruction effect verification and accuracy test are realized.
本发明与现有技术相比较具有如下突出实质性特点和显著优点: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following prominent substantive features and significant advantages:
(1) 实验基台表面附有螺纹孔,可以方便固定实验模型结构、激振器及三维滑台,方便调节、安装和拆卸,保证实验过程方便有序进行。 (1) There are threaded holes on the surface of the experimental abutment, which can facilitate the fixing of the experimental model structure, vibrator and three-dimensional slide table, and facilitate adjustment, installation and disassembly, ensuring that the experimental process is convenient and orderly.
(2) 激振器固定装置可以通过固定螺栓的位置移动,实现激振器在其移动范围内前后、上下、左右三个方向的小范围移动,以便针对实验模型结构设置不同的激励点,从而满足多种实验方案针对不同激振位置的选择需求。 (2) The vibrator fixing device can be moved by the position of the fixing bolt to realize the small-scale movement of the vibrator in three directions: front and back, up and down, and left and right within its moving range, so as to set different excitation points for the experimental model structure, so that It meets the selection requirements of various experimental schemes for different excitation positions.
(3) 配置激光位移传感器的三维滑台采用程序控制和控制器两种方式,可以在测量范围内自动移动、自动选点、自动读数,实现针对不同检测点的精确定位,并进行精确检测的功能,满足减小实验误差和提高实验精度的要求。其中激光位移传感器在达到测量量程时,可以在程序的控制下,利用三维滑台前后移动,扩大测量范围,满足实验模型结构大变形情况下单次精准测量的要求。 (3) The three-dimensional sliding table equipped with a laser displacement sensor adopts two methods of program control and controller, which can automatically move, automatically select points, and automatically read within the measurement range to achieve precise positioning for different detection points and accurate detection. Functions to meet the requirements of reducing experimental errors and improving experimental accuracy. Among them, when the laser displacement sensor reaches the measurement range, under the control of the program, the three-dimensional slide table can be used to move back and forth to expand the measurement range, and meet the requirements of single accurate measurement in the case of large deformation of the experimental model structure.
(3) 以光纤光栅网络分析仪测量通道和带宽范围限制为条件约束,以结构形态拟合重构算法计算特点为算法约束,以利用有限元分析软件得到柔性板状结构应力分布为应变约束,采用优化算法计算得到了各个光纤光栅测点配位方案,解决了实验模型结构表面离散分布式传感网络优化布局问题。 (3) Taking the measurement channel and bandwidth limit of the fiber grating network analyzer as the conditional constraints, taking the calculation characteristics of the structural shape fitting reconstruction algorithm as the algorithm constraints, and using the finite element analysis software to obtain the stress distribution of the flexible plate structure as the strain constraints, The coordination scheme of each fiber grating measuring point is calculated by using the optimization algorithm, which solves the optimal layout problem of the discrete distributed sensor network on the surface of the experimental model structure.
(4) 采用C/S软件架构模式,将测控软件系统各个功能模块化,实现传感网络数据的实时获取,以及实现柔性板状实验模型结构形态重构及三维可视化显示,同时可以增强软件的可扩展性,有利于添加更多所需功能。 (4) Adopt the C/S software architecture mode, modularize the functions of the measurement and control software system, realize the real-time acquisition of sensor network data, and realize the reconstruction of the structure and shape of the flexible plate experimental model and the three-dimensional visualization display, and at the same time, the software can be enhanced Extensibility, which facilitates adding more required functions.
(5) 所开发基于VC6.0开发环境的VC++测控软件,一方面可以实现柔性板状实验模型结构形态重构及三维可视化显示,并具有数据存储和实验数据分析等功能,另一方面可以控制三维滑台移动,以及可以实现仪载计算机与服务器计算机的数据交互功能。 (5) The VC++ measurement and control software developed based on the VC6.0 development environment, on the one hand, can realize the structure reconstruction and three-dimensional visualization display of the flexible plate-shaped experimental model, and has the functions of data storage and experimental data analysis; on the other hand, it can control The three-dimensional sliding table moves, and the data interaction function between the instrument-mounted computer and the server computer can be realized.
(6) 本发明所完成的实验平台系统可用于验证各种板结构形态感知与重构算法的有效性及实用性,为柔性板状结构形态重构方法研究提供了一个硬件与软件相结合的实验验证平台。 (6) The experimental platform system completed by the present invention can be used to verify the effectiveness and practicability of various plate structure shape perception and reconstruction algorithms, and provides a combination of hardware and software for the research on flexible plate structure shape reconstruction methods Experimental verification platform.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明柔性板状结构形态感知与重构实验平台的结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the form perception and reconstruction experiment platform of the flexible plate-like structure of the present invention.
图2是图1所示实验平台整体实物照片图。 Figure 2 is a photograph of the overall physical object of the experimental platform shown in Figure 1.
图3是图1中的服务器计算机与仪载计算机功能框图。 Fig. 3 is a functional block diagram of the server computer and the onboard computer in Fig. 1 .
图4是柔性板状结构形态重构效果图。 Figure 4 is an effect diagram of the reconstruction of the shape of the flexible plate structure.
图5是实验中柔性板状结构表面某测量点的振动曲线图。 Fig. 5 is a vibration curve diagram of a measurement point on the surface of the flexible plate structure in the experiment.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于实施案例表达的范围。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the scope of protection claimed by the present invention is not limited to the scope expressed by the examples.
实施例一: Embodiment one:
参见图1,本柔性板状结构形态感知与重构实验平台,包括一台任意函数信号发生器(1)、一台信号功率放大器(2)、一台激振器(3)、一块表面粘贴有离散分布式正交光纤光栅测点的柔性板状结构(4)、一台激光位移传感器(5)、一台三维滑台(6)、一个三维滑台控制箱(7)、一台光纤光栅网络分析仪(8)及仪载计算机、一台服务器计算机(9)及一个实验基台,其特征在于:所述任意函数信号发生器(1)的输出经信号功率放大器(2)连接到激振器(3),激振器(3)可调位与柔性板状结构固定连接在实验基台上实施激振,柔性板状结构(4)上粘贴光纤光栅测点的输出经光纤光栅网络分析仪(8)连接到服务器计算机(9);所述三维滑台(6)安装在实验基台上,激光位移传感器(5)固定在三维滑台(6)上而能实现对柔性板状结构(4)上的光纤光栅测点的三维移动扫描,激光位移传感器(5)的输出连接到服务器计算机(9);服务器计算机(9)输出控制信号经三维滑台控制箱(7)连接到三维滑台(6);所述任意函数信号发生器(1)输出激励信号经过信号功率放大器(2)作用到激振器(3),激振器(3)对柔性板状结构(4)施加的激励使之产生相应的形态变化和振动响应,粘贴于柔性板状结构(4)表面的离散分布式正交光纤光栅测点所构成的传感网络检测到结构形态变化信号,传输到光纤光栅网络分析仪(8)进行解调,并将所采集的解调数据经仪载计算机传输到服务器计算机(9)上,服务器计算机(9)运行包括结构形态拟合重构算法,实现柔性板状结构形态重构与可视化显示的实验验证和数据分析。 Referring to Figure 1, the experimental platform for shape perception and reconstruction of flexible plate structures includes an arbitrary function signal generator (1), a signal power amplifier (2), a vibrator (3), and a surface-adhesive A flexible plate structure with discrete distributed orthogonal fiber grating measuring points (4), a laser displacement sensor (5), a three-dimensional sliding table (6), a three-dimensional sliding table control box (7), an optical fiber Grating network analyzer (8) and instrument-mounted computer, a server computer (9) and an experimental base, are characterized in that: the output of described arbitrary function signal generator (1) is connected to The exciter (3), the adjustable position of the exciter (3) is fixedly connected with the flexible plate-shaped structure to implement excitation on the experimental base, and the output of the fiber grating measuring point pasted on the flexible plate-shaped structure (4) passes through the fiber grating The network analyzer (8) is connected to the server computer (9); the three-dimensional sliding table (6) is installed on the experimental base, and the laser displacement sensor (5) is fixed on the three-dimensional sliding table (6) to realize the adjustment of the flexible board. The three-dimensional mobile scanning of the fiber grating measuring point on the shape structure (4), the output of the laser displacement sensor (5) is connected to the server computer (9); the output control signal of the server computer (9) is connected through the three-dimensional sliding table control box (7) to the three-dimensional slide table (6); the output excitation signal of the arbitrary function signal generator (1) acts on the exciter (3) through the signal power amplifier (2), and the exciter (3) is to the flexible plate structure (4 ) to generate corresponding morphological changes and vibration responses, and the sensor network composed of discrete distributed orthogonal fiber grating measuring points pasted on the surface of the flexible plate structure (4) detects the structural morphological change signals and transmits them to The fiber grating network analyzer (8) performs demodulation, and transmits the collected demodulation data to the server computer (9) through the instrument-mounted computer, and the server computer (9) runs a reconstruction algorithm including structural shape fitting to realize flexible Experimental verification and data analysis of morphological reconstruction and visualization of plate-like structures.
实施例二: Embodiment two:
参见图2~图5,本实施例与实施例一基本相同,特别之处如下:所述柔性板状结构形态感知与重构实验平台,实验基台表面附有M6的螺纹孔阵列,可固定激振器(3)、柔性板状结构(4)以及三维滑台(6),其中激振器(3)的固定装置可通过固定螺栓的位置移动实现激振器在其移动范围内前后、上下、左右三个正交方向的小范围移动,以便针对柔性板状结构(4)设置不同的激励点,从而满足多种实验方案针对不同激振位置的选择需求;配置激光位移传感器(5)的三维滑台(6)采用程序控制和控制器控制两种方式,可在测量范围内自动移动、自动选点、自动读数,实现针对不同检测点的精确定位,精确检测的功能,满足减小实验误差和提高实验精度的要求,其中激光位移传感器(5)在达到测量量程时在程序的控制下,利用三维滑台(6)前后移动,扩大测量范围,满足柔性板状结构(4)大变形情况下单次精准测量的要求;以光纤光栅网络分析仪(8)测量通道和带宽范围限制为条件约束,以柔性板状结构(4)形态拟合重构算法计算特点为算法约束,以利用有限元分析软件得到柔性板状结构应力分布为应变约束,采用优化算法计算得到各个光纤光栅测点配位方案,解决了柔性板状结构(4)表面离散分布式传感网络优化布局问题;服务器计算机(9)植入测控软件系统,其功能模块化,可靠性与可移植性强,能够实现对三维滑台(6)的控制、数据存储和实验数据分析,内置4种结构形态拟合重构算法,实现对柔性板状结构(4)形态重构效果的在线分析和误差评估,同时预留了其他柔性板状结构形态拟合重构算法的接口,能够方便的开展各种形态拟合重构算法的研究。 Referring to Figures 2 to 5, this embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, and the special features are as follows: the flexible plate-like structure form perception and reconstruction experimental platform, the surface of the experimental base is equipped with an array of M6 threaded holes, which can be fixed The vibrator (3), the flexible plate-like structure (4) and the three-dimensional slide table (6), wherein the fixing device of the vibrator (3) can move the position of the fixing bolt to realize the movement of the vibrator back and forth, Small-scale movement in three orthogonal directions of up and down, left and right, so as to set different excitation points for the flexible plate structure (4), so as to meet the selection requirements of various experimental schemes for different excitation positions; configure a laser displacement sensor (5) The three-dimensional sliding table (6) adopts two methods of program control and controller control, which can automatically move, automatically select points, and automatically read within the measurement range, so as to realize precise positioning and precise detection functions for different detection points, and meet the requirements of reducing In order to meet the requirements of experimental error and improvement of experimental accuracy, the laser displacement sensor (5) uses the three-dimensional slide table (6) to move back and forth under the control of the program when it reaches the measurement range, so as to expand the measurement range and meet the requirements of the flexible plate structure (4). Requirements for a single accurate measurement under deformation; the conditional constraints of the fiber grating network analyzer (8) measurement channel and bandwidth range restrictions, the calculation characteristics of the shape fitting reconstruction algorithm of the flexible plate structure (4) as the algorithm constraints, and the Using the finite element analysis software, the stress distribution of the flexible plate structure is obtained as a strain constraint, and the coordination scheme of each fiber grating measuring point is calculated by using the optimization algorithm, which solves the optimal layout problem of the discrete distributed sensor network on the surface of the flexible plate structure (4); The server computer (9) is embedded in the measurement and control software system, which has modular functions, strong reliability and portability, and can realize the control, data storage and experimental data analysis of the three-dimensional sliding table (6), and has four built-in structural shape fittings The reconstruction algorithm realizes the online analysis and error evaluation of the shape reconstruction effect of the flexible plate structure (4). Research on combined reconstruction algorithms.
实施例三: Embodiment three:
如图1所示,本柔性板状结构形态感知与重构实验平台,包括一台任意函数信号发生器①(型号:SFG-2110生产单位:固纬电子实业股份有限公司)、一台信号功率放大器②(型号:YE5872 生产单位:江苏联能电子技术有限公司)、一台激振器及其固定装置③(型号:JZK-10 生产单位:江苏联能电子有限公司)、一块表面粘贴有离散分布式正交光纤光栅测点的柔性板状结构④、一台激光位移传感器⑤(型号:LK-G400 生产单位:基恩士有限公司)、一台三维滑台⑥、一个三维滑台控制箱⑦(生产单位:上海大学自动化系)、一台光纤光栅网络分析仪及仪载计算机⑧(型号:FONA-2008C 生产单位:上海紫珊光电技术有限公司)及一台服务器计算机⑨(型号:I500-7255生产单位:方正科技集团股份有限公司),实验平台整体实物照片如图2所示。 As shown in Figure 1, the experimental platform for shape perception and reconstruction of flexible plate structures includes an arbitrary function signal generator ① (model: SFG-2110, manufacturer: GW Inst Electronics Co., Ltd.), a signal power Amplifier ② (Model: YE5872 Manufacturing unit: Jiangsu Lianeng Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.), a vibrator and its fixing device ③ (Model: JZK-10 Manufacturing unit: Jiangsu Lianeng Electronics Co., Ltd.), a discrete Flexible plate structure of distributed orthogonal fiber grating measuring points ④, a laser displacement sensor ⑤ (model: LK-G400, manufacturer: Keyence Co., Ltd.), a 3D sliding table ⑥, a 3D sliding table control box ⑦ (manufacturer: Department of Automation, Shanghai University), a fiber grating network analyzer and on-board computer ⑧ (model: FONA-2008C manufacturer: Shanghai Zishan Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd.) and a server computer ⑨ (model: I500 -7255 production unit: Founder Technology Group Co., Ltd.), the overall physical photo of the experimental platform is shown in Figure 2.
采用上述的实验平台进行实验,实验步骤如下: Using the above-mentioned experimental platform to carry out experiments, the experimental steps are as follows:
(1) 采用设计制作好的夹具将三维滑台及激振器固定在实验基台上,柔性板状实验模型选用有机玻璃板,一端固定在实验基台上。 (1) Fix the three-dimensional slide table and the vibrator on the experimental base using the designed and manufactured fixtures. The flexible plate-shaped experimental model uses a plexiglass plate, and one end is fixed on the experimental base.
(2) 利用有限元分析软件建立柔性板状实验模型的应变模型,获得柔性板状实验模型的各阶固有频率、模态振形和应变分布情况,根据应变分布情况和拟合算法计算特点采用粒子群优化算法对传感器网络布局进行了优化分析与配置。 (2) Use the finite element analysis software to establish the strain model of the flexible plate experimental model, and obtain the natural frequency, mode shape and strain distribution of each order of the flexible plate experimental model. According to the strain distribution and the calculation characteristics of the fitting algorithm, use The particle swarm optimization algorithm optimizes the analysis and configuration of the sensor network layout.
(3) 采用胶水将光纤光栅粘贴在经过优化分析与配置的柔性板状实验模型离散分布式测点位置上,共25组正交测量点,完成表面粘贴有离散分布式正交光纤光栅测点的柔性板状结构④的制作。 (3) Use glue to paste the fiber grating on the discrete distributed measuring point position of the flexible plate-shaped experimental model after optimized analysis and configuration, a total of 25 sets of orthogonal measuring points, and the surface is pasted with discrete distributed orthogonal fiber grating measuring points Fabrication of the flexible plate-like structure ④.
(4)将激振器③固定在实验基台上,通过激振器连杆装置与表面粘贴有离散分布式正交光纤光栅测点的柔性板状结构④相连接,并利用数据传输线将信号功率放大器②和激振器③连接。 (4) Fix the vibrator ③ on the experimental platform, and connect it with the flexible plate-like structure ④ with discrete distributed orthogonal fiber grating measuring points pasted on the surface through the vibrator connecting rod device, and use the data transmission line to transmit the signal The power amplifier ② is connected to the exciter ③.
(5) 启动任意函数信号发生器①,根据振动实验需求设置激励信号幅值和频率。 (5) Start the arbitrary function signal generator ①, and set the excitation signal amplitude and frequency according to the vibration experiment requirements.
(6) 启动信号功率放大器②驱动激振器③,激励表面粘贴有离散分布式正交光纤光栅测点的柔性板状结构④使之处于振动状态。 (6) Start the signal power amplifier ② to drive the exciter ③, and excite the flexible plate structure ④ with discrete distributed orthogonal fiber grating measuring points pasted on the surface to make it vibrate.
(7) 开启光纤光栅网络分析仪及仪载计算机⑧、服务器计算机⑨和激光位移传感器⑤,运行测控软件,获取光纤光栅应变数据,并保存数据。 (7) Turn on the fiber grating network analyzer, the instrument-mounted computer ⑧, the server computer ⑨ and the laser displacement sensor ⑤, run the measurement and control software, obtain the strain data of the fiber grating, and save the data.
(8) 选择结构形态拟合重构算法,将检测点位置坐标发送到三维滑台控制箱⑦,三维滑台⑥携带激光位移传感器⑤移动到目标位置,获取激光位移传感器⑤扫描检测数据,并保存数据。 (8) Select the structural shape fitting reconstruction algorithm, send the position coordinates of the detection points to the control box of the three-dimensional sliding table⑦, the three-dimensional sliding table ⑥ carries the laser displacement sensor ⑤ to move to the target position, obtain the scanning detection data of the laser displacement sensor ⑤, and save data.
(9) 从测控软件界面观察表面粘贴有离散分布式正交光纤光栅测点的柔性板状结构④重构情况以及测量点振动曲线,求取测量点的均方误差,分析拟合算法重构效果,评判算法的实用性和有效性。 (9) From the measurement and control software interface, observe the flexible plate structure with discrete distributed orthogonal fiber grating measuring points on the surface ④ Reconstruction and the vibration curve of the measuring point, calculate the mean square error of the measuring point, and analyze the reconstruction of the fitting algorithm Effect, to judge the practicability and effectiveness of the algorithm.
步骤(1)中,本实施例所采用的表面粘贴有离散分布式正交光纤光栅测点的柔性板状结构④为有机玻璃板,材料密度为 ,杨氏模量为,泊松比为0.3,长800mm,宽为800mm,厚度为5mm。 In step (1), the flexible plate structure ④ used in this embodiment with discrete distributed orthogonal fiber grating measuring points pasted on the surface is a plexiglass plate, and the material density is , Young's modulus is , Poisson's ratio is 0.3, the length is 800mm, the width is 800mm, and the thickness is 5mm.
步骤(2)中根据结构拟合重构算法的计算特点,光纤光栅测点要尽量布置在整行整列且满足间距约束,同时考虑板结构的应变分布,尽量分布在应变大的位置,通过粒子群优化算法得到优化布局测点配位方案,作为粘贴光纤光栅应变传感器测点位置。 In step (2), according to the calculation characteristics of the structure fitting reconstruction algorithm, the FBG measuring points should be arranged in the entire row and column as far as possible and meet the spacing constraints. At the same time, considering the strain distribution of the plate structure, try to distribute it at the position with large strain. The group optimization algorithm obtains the optimal layout and coordination scheme of measuring points, which is used as the measuring point position of the pasted fiber grating strain sensor.
步骤(3)中,本实施例中利用爱牢达胶水将光纤光栅粘贴在柔性板状实验模型表面,确保光纤光栅应变传感器与柔性板状实验模型耦合在一起,真实的反应柔性板状实验模型的应变状况。 In step (3), in this embodiment, Araldite glue is used to paste the fiber grating on the surface of the flexible plate-shaped experimental model to ensure that the optical fiber grating strain sensor is coupled with the flexible plate-shaped experimental model, and the real response flexible plate-shaped experimental model strain status.
动态振动实验步骤(4)中,本实施例的实验基台选用光学平台GZ103PTB,表面具有M6螺纹孔阵列,能够实现对激振器、柔性板状实验模型及三维滑台的固定安装。通过激振器固定装置,激振器安装位置可以任意调整,激振器③与表面粘贴有离散分布式正交光纤光栅测点的柔性板状结构④通过连杆连接,方便激振器与柔性板状实验模型的重装和拆卸。 In the step (4) of the dynamic vibration experiment, the experimental platform of this embodiment is an optical platform GZ103PTB with an array of M6 threaded holes on the surface, which can realize the fixed installation of the vibrator, the flexible plate-shaped experimental model and the three-dimensional slide table. Through the vibrator fixing device, the installation position of the vibrator can be adjusted arbitrarily. Reassembly and disassembly of plate-shaped experimental models.
本实施例所采用测控软件程序模块化,可靠性与可移植性强,能够实现对三维滑台控制,数据存储和实验数据分析等功能,内置4种结构形态拟合重构算法,实现了对柔性板状实验模型结构形态重构效果的在线分析和误差评估,同时预留了其他结构形态拟合重构算法的接口,能够方便的开展各种形态拟合重构算法的研究。 The measurement and control software program used in this embodiment is modular, has strong reliability and portability, and can realize functions such as three-dimensional sliding table control, data storage, and experimental data analysis. On-line analysis and error evaluation of the structural shape reconstruction effect of the flexible plate-shaped experimental model, and the interface of other structural shape fitting reconstruction algorithms is reserved, which can facilitate the research of various shape fitting reconstruction algorithms.
本实施例所采用的数据保存格式为通用的txt文件格式,方便使用其他软件对数据进行复杂分析与后处理,图4为柔性板状结构形态重构效果图,图5为实验中柔性结构表面某测量点的振动曲线图。 The data storage format adopted in this embodiment is a common txt file format, which is convenient for using other software to perform complex analysis and post-processing of the data. Figure 4 is the reconstruction effect diagram of the flexible plate-like structure, and Figure 5 is the surface of the flexible structure in the experiment Vibration graph of a measurement point.
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