CN104817187A - Aquatic animal enhanced surface flow artificial wetland - Google Patents

Abstract

The aquatic animal enhanced surface flow artificial wetland of the present invention is composed of a water inlet pipe, a perforated water distribution board, a bed body, aquatic plants, a fish ditch, a fish slide, a fish barrier, and a water outlet pipe. The wetland bed is filled with light and medium soil, aquatic plants are planted on the bed, water ditches are dug on both sides of the bed as fish ditches, and water pits are dug in the middle of the surface flow constructed wetland or at both ends of the bed as fish ditches. The total area of slip, fish ditch and fish slip accounts for 20%-30% of the bed area. By adding aquatic animals loach and snails in the wetland, the present invention can improve the stability of the bottom microbial population in the wetland, increase the contact between the bottom mud and the water body, reduce the accumulation of organic matter in the bottom mud, and significantly reduce the turbidity of the water body; , can increase the contact area between the wetland bed and the water body, and increase the adsorption and degradation capacity of the wetland substrate for pollutants in the water.

Description

An Aquatic Animal Enhanced Surface Flow Constructed Wetland

1. Technical field

The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, and relates to a surface flow artificial wetland for intensive treatment of domestic sewage by using aquatic animals.

2. Background technology

Constructed wetlands are ecosystems that imitate natural wetlands that are artificially constructed and controlled to operate. Using the triple synergy of physics, chemistry and biology in the system, through filtration, adsorption, co-precipitation, ion exchange, plant absorption and microbial decomposition, and in wetlands Various animals work together to achieve efficient purification of sewage.

Surface flow constructed wetlands consist of five parts: substrates with various water permeability, such as soil and sand; plants suitable for growing in saturated water and anaerobic substances, such as reeds; aerobic or anaerobic microbial populations; invertebrate or Vertebrate aquatic animals. Surface flow artificial wetlands are closest to the natural environment. There are aquatic animals in wetlands, which can have direct or indirect impacts on the sediment and water bodies of wetlands through feeding, movement, and bioturbation. They are an important part of wetlands. Compared with other wetland types, the surface flow constructed wetland has a relatively small contact area with the wetland bed, and the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus is relatively low. Moreover, the current artificial surface flow wetlands lack the use of animals when they are constructed, and the wetland ecosystem is not complete.

3. Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention puts in appropriate amount of aquatic animals—loach and snails when constructing surface flow artificial wetlands, restores the complete ecological system of artificial wetlands, and utilizes the functions of loach and snails to swallow, punch holes, swallow, and filter And other characteristics, improve the oxygen supply conditions of wetlands, enhance the stability of microbial populations, reduce the turbidity of wetland water, improve the efficiency of sewage treatment in wetlands and reduce the occurrence of algal blooms.

Aquatic animal enhanced surface flow artificial wetland of the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

An artificial wetland with enhanced surface flow for aquatic animals is composed of a water inlet pipe, a perforated water distribution board, a bed body, aquatic plants, a fish ditch, a fish slide, a fish fence, and a water outlet pipe. The wetland bed body is filled with light and medium soil. Aquatic plants are planted on the body, and ditches with a radius of 0.4-0.5m and a depth of 0.3-0.4m are dug out on both sides of the bed as a fish ditch, and a radius of 1.5-2m and a depth of 1m are dug in the middle of the surface flow constructed wetland. The circular puddle is used as a fish slide, and the fish ditch communicates with the fish slide. There are perforated water distribution boards on the inside of the water inlet and outlet pipes of the bed. Loach with a body length of more than 10cm is placed in the wetland. 10-20 per square meter, and put in snails with a weight of more than 5 grams at the same time, and the number of snails put in is 100-200 grams per square meter. The fish slide can also dig out a rectangular puddle with a width of 1-1.5m and a depth of 1m in the middle of the bed as a fish slide, or dig out 2-3m in length and a width of 2-3m inside the water inlet and outlet pipes at both ends of the bed. A square puddle of 1-1.5m and 1m deep is used as a fish slide. The total area of the fish ditch and the fish slide accounts for 20%-30% of the bed area. The inner side of the water distribution plate at the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe of the bed body is provided with a fish fence.

The wetland packing bed of the present invention has an aspect ratio of 2.0-2.5:1, reeds and cattail emergent plants are planted on the flat part of the wetland bed, and hornwort and water-nipping plants are planted at intervals. Depressions such as fish ditches and fish slides in the bed body can not only increase the contact area between sewage and bed body, improve the adsorption and filtration of soil and the natural settlement of pollutants, but also provide shelter habitats for loaches and snails at high or low temperatures. Fish fences are installed at the water inlet and outlet of the wetland to prevent loaches and snails from escaping. Transplant aquatic plants in the wetland, and after the aquatic plants grow normally, put loach and snails in. Loach and snails do not need to be fed and grow naturally in the artificial wetland environment.

The present invention has the following advantages:

By adding aquatic animals loach and snails in the wetland, the present invention can improve the stability of the bottom microbial population of the wetland, increase the contact between the bottom mud and the water body, and reduce the accumulation of organic matter in the bottom mud; the wetland bed can be enlarged by using fish ditches and fish slides The contact area between the water body and the water body can increase the adsorption and degradation capacity of the substrate to the pollutants in the water, and can effectively reduce the turbidity of the water body; Dosing loach and snails in the artificial wetland can also obtain certain economic benefits through reproduction and growth.

4. Description of drawings:

Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the longitudinal section and the top view of the constructed wetland with enhanced surface flow for aquatic animals in the shape of a square;

Figure 2 shows the schematic diagram of the longitudinal section and the top view of the I-shaped structured aquatic animal enhanced surface flow constructed wetland;

Figure 3 shows the schematic diagram of longitudinal section and top view of the constructed wetland with enhanced surface flow for aquatic animals with concave structure.

In the figure: 1 is the water inlet pipe, 2 is the perforated water distribution board, 3 is the bed body, 4 is the aquatic plant, 5 is the fish slide, 6 is the fish ditch, 7 is the fish fence, 8 is the outlet pipe

5. Specific examples

Embodiment 1: The surface flow artificial wetland for aquatic animals of the present invention is composed of water inlet pipe 1, water distribution plate 2, bed body 3, aquatic plants 4, fish slide 5, fish ditch 6, fish barrier 7, Outlet pipe 8 forms. The wetland bed is filled with light and medium soil. First, dig out a water ditch with a radius of 0.4-0.5m and a depth of 0.3-0.4m on the surface of the bed body 3 as the fish ditch 6, and dig out a near-circular shape with a radius of 1.5-2m and a depth of 1 meter in the middle of the bed body. Puddles, as fish slip 5. The total area of the fish ditch and the fish slide accounts for about 20%-30% of the bed area. Fish ditches and fish slides are used as hiding places for loaches and snails to avoid when high or low temperature, and can also increase the contact area between the water body and the bed body 3, and increase the treatment time of the wetland to sewage. Fish slips are also used to catch loach. Inlet pipe 1 and outlet pipe 8 insides are provided with perforated water distribution plate 2, so that the water flow is dispersed evenly through the bed body, reducing the scour of the water flow to the bed body; After the construction of the wetland bed is completed, the plants are transplanted in March-April. The wetland bed is mainly planted with economically valuable aquatic plants 4 such as emergent plants such as reeds and cattails, floating plants such as water turtles and lotus, and submerged plants such as hornwort. Plant coverage accounts for more than half of the water surface, and the planting density should be 15-20 plants/m ² bed body. After the plants grow normally, put loach with a body length of more than 10cm in the wetland in April-May, and the number is 10-20 per square meter. At the same time, snails with a weight of more than 5 grams are put in, and the amount of snails put in is 100-200 grams per square meter. Loach and snails do not need to be fed additional food, and grow naturally in the artificial wetland.

During operation, the sewage enters the bed body from the water inlet and the fish fence, and the water flows on the surface of the bed body and in the gaps of the plant roots. The activities of loach and snails greatly increase the contact area between the water body and the bed body, improving the oxygen supply of the sediment. , which is conducive to the degradation of pollutants. The filtration effect of snails can significantly reduce water turbidity and improve transparency. At the same time, after the water flow passes through the fish ditch and fish slide prepared for animals to avoid, the contact area between the sewage and the bed body is further increased, and the water flow speed can be appropriately slowed down to increase the degradation and adsorption of pollutants by the bed body. Loach and snails can greatly reduce organic pollutants in the bottom mud through behaviors such as swallowing. Animal activities increase the contact between the sediment and the water body, improve the stability of the microbial population of the sediment, and can greatly reduce the total organic carbon content of the sediment, improve the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in the wetland, and improve the purification efficiency of sewage. At the same time, the biofilm on the wetland bed and plant surface contains a large number of microorganisms that can degrade pollutants. In this way, under the multiple actions of soil, plants, animals, and microorganisms, the sewage is fully purified and flows out of the bed through the outlet and discharged.

Embodiment 2: The I-shaped structured aquatic animal-enhanced surface flow artificial wetland of the present invention consists of a water inlet pipe 1, a perforated water distribution plate 2, a bed body 3, aquatic plants 4, fish slides 5, fish ditch 6, and fish barrier 7 , Outlet pipe 8 is made up of, and is filled with light, medium soil, puts loach of body length more than 10cm in the wetland, and quantity is 10-20 tails per square meter. At the same time, snails with a weight of more than 5 grams are put in, and the amount of snails put in is 100-200 grams per square meter. The bed lengthwise digs out a water ditch with a radius of 0.4-0.5m and a depth of 0.3-0.4m as a fish ditch, and in the middle of the bed digs out another 1-1.5m wide and 1-meter-deep rectangular puddle as a fish slide. The total area of the fish ditch and the fish slide accounts for about 20%-30% of the bed area, and they serve as shelters for loaches and snails. Fish ditch and fish slide can simultaneously increase the total area of the bed body and slow down the water flow velocity, increasing the contact time and area between the water body and the bed body. Others are the same as in Example 1.

Embodiment 3: The concave structure of the aquatic animal enhanced surface flow constructed wetland bed of the present invention consists of a water inlet pipe 1, a perforated water distribution plate 2, a bed body 3, aquatic plants 4, fish slides 5, fish ditch 6, and fish fence 7 , composed of 8 outlet pipes, filled with light and medium soil. Put 10-20 tails per square meter of loach with a body length of more than 10 cm in the wetland. At the same time, put in snails with a weight of more than 5 grams, and the number of snails put in is 100-200 grams per square meter. A water pit with a radius of 0.4-0.5m and a depth of 0.3-0.4m is dug longitudinally from the bed as a fish ditch. A square puddle with a length of 2-3 meters, a width of 1-1.5 meters and a depth of about 1 meter is dug out respectively inside the water inlet and outlet of the bed body as a fish slide. The total area of the fish ditch and the fish slide accounts for about 20%-30% of the bed area, and serves as a habitat for loaches and snails to avoid high and low temperatures. At the same time, the puddle can increase the total area of the bed and slow down the water flow velocity, increasing the contact time and area between the water body and the bed. Others are the same as in Example 1.

Claims (4)

1. a hydrocoles strengthening surface flow artificial marshland, by water inlet pipe, perforation water distribution board, bed body, waterplant, fish ditch, fish-pit, fish screen, rising pipe forms, wetland bed body is with light, middle earth is filled, planting aquatic plants on bed body, it is characterized in that digging out radius 0.4-0.5m in the both side surface of bed body, the ditch of dark 0.3-0.4m is as fish ditch, radius 1.5-2m is dug out at surface flow artificial marshland medium position, the approximate round puddle of dark 1m is as fish-pit, fish ditch is linked up mutually with fish-pit, perforation water distribution board is provided with inside the water inlet pipe and rising pipe of bed body, the loach of long more than the 10cm of body is thrown in wetland, loach supply volume is every square metre of 10-20 bar, throw in the river snail of body weight more than 5 grams specifications simultaneously, river snail supply volume is every square metre of 100-200 gram.

2. a kind of hydrocoles strengthening surface flow artificial marshland according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described fish-pit also can the medium position of bed body dig out wide 1-1.5m, dark 1m rectangle puddle as fish-pit, or respectively dig out inside the water inlet pipe and rising pipe at bed body two ends long 2-3m, wide 1-1.5m, dark 1m square puddle as fish-pit.

3. a kind of hydrocoles strengthening surface flow artificial marshland according to claim 1, is characterized in that described fish ditch and the fish-pit total area account for a bulk area 20%-30%.

4. a kind of hydrocoles strengthening surface flow artificial marshland according to claim 1, is characterized in that being provided with fish screen inside the water inlet pipe of bed body and the water distribution board of water outlet pipe part.