CN104816166B - The progressive molding hole flanging instrument and flange hole technology of perforate reaming integration - Google Patents
The progressive molding hole flanging instrument and flange hole technology of perforate reaming integration Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P23/04—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass for both machining and other metal-working operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种开孔扩孔一体化的渐进成形翻孔工具及翻边工艺，其中，翻孔工具包括连接杆和切削翻孔工具头，所述连接杆一端夹持于数控机床主轴上，另一端与切削翻孔工具头连接，所述切削翻孔工具头包括翻孔型面和切削铣刀，所述翻孔型面与连接杆连接；翻孔工艺为：利用工具上的铣刀进行预制孔加工；利用工具上的圆弧特征，在X‑Y平面上按照逐渐扩大的同心圆运动轨迹对板料进行挤压，完成翻孔特征的加工。与现有技术相比，本发明能在不换刀的情况下完成切削及成形两步工序，减少了传统渐进成形翻孔中所需道具的数量以及换刀工序，提高了加工效率，可以成形减薄量较小且厚度分布均匀的翻孔零件，使翻孔成形件的厚度大大提高，分布更加均匀。
The invention relates to a progressive forming hole turning tool and flanging process integrating hole opening and reaming, wherein the hole turning tool includes a connecting rod and a cutting hole turning tool head, and one end of the connecting rod is clamped on the spindle of a CNC machine tool, The other end is connected with the cutting hole-turning tool head, which includes a hole-turning profile and a cutting milling cutter, and the hole-turning profile is connected with a connecting rod; the hole-turning process is: use the milling cutter on the tool to carry out Prefabricated hole processing: use the arc feature on the tool to extrude the sheet material on the X-Y plane according to the gradually expanding concentric circle movement track to complete the processing of the hole turning feature. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can complete the two-step process of cutting and forming without changing the tool, which reduces the number of props and tool changing process required in the traditional progressive forming hole turning, improves the processing efficiency, and can form The hole-turning parts with small thinning and uniform thickness distribution can greatly increase the thickness of the hole-turning formed parts and make the distribution more uniform.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及板料成形技术领域的装置和工艺，尤其是涉及一种开孔扩孔一体化的渐进成形翻孔工具及翻孔工艺。The invention relates to a device and a process in the technical field of sheet metal forming, in particular to a progressive forming hole-reversing tool and a hole-reversing process integrated with opening and reaming.
背景技术Background technique
翻孔是一种传统的板料成形工艺，主要用于零件的边部强化，去除切边以及在零件上制成与其他零件装配、连接的部位或具有复杂特异形状、合理空间的立体零件，同时提高零件的刚度，广泛应用于汽车、航空、航天、仪器、电子等工业部门。目前，翻孔一般采用传统的冲压工艺完成，这种方法需要相应的模具，在小批量零件以及单个零件的生产上存在时间和成本上的缺陷。Hole turning is a traditional sheet metal forming process, which is mainly used to strengthen the edge of parts, remove trimming and make parts for assembly and connection with other parts or three-dimensional parts with complex special shapes and reasonable spaces. At the same time, it improves the rigidity of parts, and is widely used in industrial sectors such as automobiles, aviation, aerospace, instruments, and electronics. At present, hole turning is generally completed by traditional stamping process. This method requires corresponding molds, and there are time and cost defects in the production of small batch parts and single parts.
板料渐进成形是近年来兴起的板料加工技术，具有加工方式灵活、成形性能好以及柔性的特点。同时，渐进成形能够提高材料的成形性能且所需成形力也较小，能够减少成形设备的尺寸和吨位，在单件及小批量产品的生产上能够很好的替代诸如翻孔之类的传统冲压工艺。Cui和Gao曾在《Studies on hole-flanging process using multistageincremental forming》(CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology)中采用三种不同的多步渐进成形策略对直壁圆孔翻边进行了研究，证实了通过渐进成形工艺进行翻孔的可行性。但是，传统的渐进成形翻孔工艺仍然存在着一些问题，如传统渐进成形翻孔件需独立进行开孔与成形，成形件厚度减薄较大且分布不均匀等，其中最主要的问题就在于成形零件厚度的剧烈减薄以及厚度分布的控制。Sheet metal incremental forming is a sheet metal processing technology emerging in recent years, which has the characteristics of flexible processing methods, good forming performance and flexibility. At the same time, progressive forming can improve the forming performance of materials and requires less forming force, which can reduce the size and tonnage of forming equipment, and can well replace traditional stamping such as punching in the production of single-piece and small-batch products craft. Cui and Gao once used three different multi-step incremental forming strategies in "Studies on hole-flanging process using multistage incremental forming" (CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology) to study the flanging of straight-wall round holes, confirming that through Feasibility of hole turning by incremental forming process. However, there are still some problems in the traditional incremental forming hole turning process. For example, the traditional incremental forming hole turning parts need to be drilled and formed independently, and the thickness of the formed part is greatly reduced and the distribution is uneven. The most important problem is that Dramatic thinning of formed part thickness and control of thickness distribution.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是克服上述现有技术中的缺陷，解决传统渐进成形翻孔零件的厚度问题而提供一种开孔扩孔一体化的渐进成形翻孔工具及翻孔工艺，可以得到厚度减薄量较小且分布较为均匀的零件。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects in the above-mentioned prior art, solve the problem of the thickness of traditional incremental forming hole turning parts, and provide a progressive forming hole turning tool and hole turning process integrated with opening and reaming, which can obtain thickness reduction Parts with small quantities and more even distribution.
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种开孔扩孔一体化的渐进成形翻孔工具，与数控机床主轴连接，包括连接杆和切削翻孔工具头，所述连接杆一端夹持于数控机床主轴上，另一端与切削翻孔工具头连接，所述切削翻孔工具头包括相连接的翻孔型面和切削铣刀，所述翻孔型面与连接杆连接；数控机床主轴通过连接杆带动切削翻孔工具头对板料进行开孔及翻边扩孔。A progressive forming hole turning tool integrating hole opening and reaming, connected with the spindle of a CNC machine tool, including a connecting rod and a cutting hole turning tool head, one end of the connecting rod is clamped on the spindle of the CNC machine tool, and the other end is connected to the cutting hole turning tool The tool head is connected, and the cutting and turning tool head includes a connected turning hole profile and a cutting milling cutter, and the turning hole profile is connected with a connecting rod; the CNC machine tool spindle drives the cutting and turning tool head to the sheet through the connecting rod Carry out hole drilling and flanging and reaming.
所述翻孔型面包括依次设置的圆弧曲面和圆柱面。The hole-turning profile includes a circular arc surface and a cylindrical surface arranged in sequence.
所述圆弧曲面与板料的翻边形状相匹配。The arc surface matches the flanging shape of the sheet material.
所述圆柱面的高度大于最终孔半径与预制孔半径之差。The height of the cylindrical surface is greater than the difference between the radius of the final hole and the radius of the prefabricated hole.
所述切削铣刀为球头立式铣刀。The cutting milling cutter is a ball end milling cutter.
一种开孔扩孔一体化的渐进成形翻孔工艺，包括以下步骤：A progressive forming hole turning process integrating hole opening and hole expansion, comprising the following steps:
1)根据需要切削的预制孔的形状和大小，生成切削铣刀运动的第一工具运动轨迹；1) According to the shape and size of the prefabricated hole to be cut, generate the first tool movement trajectory of the cutting milling cutter;
2)根据翻孔件的形状和大小，生成翻孔型面运动的第二工具运动轨迹；2) According to the shape and size of the hole-turning part, generate the second tool motion trajectory of the hole-turning profile movement;
3)固定板料并压边；3) Fix the sheet and press the edge;
4)启动数控机床，按第一工具运动轨迹控制切削铣刀在板料上切削预制孔；4) Start the CNC machine tool, and control the cutting milling cutter to cut the prefabricated hole on the sheet according to the movement track of the first tool;
5)数控机床主轴带动所述渐进成形翻孔工具下移定位，使翻孔型面紧靠板料，按第二工具运动轨迹控制翻孔型面完成翻孔加工；5) The spindle of the CNC machine tool drives the progressive forming hole turning tool to move down and locate, so that the hole turning surface is close to the sheet material, and the hole turning surface is controlled according to the movement track of the second tool to complete the hole turning process;
6)成形完成，数控机床主轴带动所述渐进成形翻孔工具上移，取下板料。6) After the forming is completed, the spindle of the CNC machine tool drives the progressive forming hole turning tool to move upwards to remove the sheet material.
所述第二工具运动轨迹为在X-Y平面内逐渐扩大的同心圆运动轨迹。The movement trajectory of the second tool is a movement trajectory of concentric circles gradually expanding in the X-Y plane.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1)本发明设计同时包含翻孔型面和切削铣刀的切削翻孔工具头，其翻孔型面的圆弧曲面与板料的翻边形状相匹配，可以成形减薄量较小且厚度分布均匀的翻孔零件，避免了传统渐进成形翻孔工艺中板料的过度减薄，从而提高零件结构的刚度。(1) The present invention designs the cutting hole-turning tool head that simultaneously includes the hole-turning profile and the cutting milling cutter. The hole-turning part with uniform thickness distribution avoids excessive thinning of the sheet metal in the traditional incremental forming hole-turning process, thereby improving the rigidity of the part structure.
(2)本发明翻边工具的切削翻孔工具头包括翻孔型面和切削铣刀两个部分，可一次性完成板料的开孔及翻边扩孔，减少了传统渐进成形翻孔中所需道具的数量以及换刀工序，提高了加工效率。(2) The cutting and turning tool head of the flanging tool of the present invention includes two parts, the turning surface and the cutting milling cutter. The number of required props and the tool change process improve the processing efficiency.
(3)本发明采用X-Y平面内的同心圆运动轨迹进行翻孔加工，仅需二轴联动机床即可实现所述扩孔工艺，无需渐进成形扩孔所需的数控三轴联动机床，也无需传统冲压扩孔所需的压机与模具，设备成本较低。(3) The present invention adopts the concentric circular motion trajectory in the X-Y plane to carry out the hole-turning process, and only two-axis linkage machine tools are needed to realize the described hole-enlargement process, without the required numerical control three-axis linkage machine tool for progressive forming and hole expansion, and without The presses and molds required for traditional punching and reaming require relatively low equipment costs.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明翻边工具的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of flanging tool of the present invention;
图2为本发明翻边工艺的流程示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the flanging process of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。本实施例以本发明技术方案为前提进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation and specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
如图1所示，本实施例提供一种开孔扩孔一体化的渐进成形翻孔工具，与数控机床主轴连接，包括连接杆1和切削翻孔工具头，连接杆1一端夹持于数控机床主轴上，另一端与切削翻孔工具头连接，切削翻孔工具头包括相连接的翻孔型面2和切削铣刀3，翻孔型面2与连接杆1连接。数控机床主轴通过连接杆1带动切削翻孔工具头一次性完成板料的开孔及翻边扩孔，无需进行工具更换。As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment provides a progressive forming hole turning tool integrated with hole opening and reaming, which is connected to the spindle of the CNC machine tool, including a connecting rod 1 and a cutting hole turning tool head, and one end of the connecting rod 1 is clamped on the CNC machine tool. On the main shaft of the machine tool, the other end is connected with the cutting and turning tool head. The cutting and turning tool head includes the connected turning surface 2 and the cutting milling cutter 3, and the turning surface 2 is connected with the connecting rod 1. The spindle of the CNC machine tool drives the cutting and turning tool head through the connecting rod 1 to complete the hole opening and flanging and reaming of the sheet at one time, without tool replacement.
翻孔型面2包括依次设置的圆弧曲面和圆柱面，圆弧曲面与板料的翻边形状相匹配，圆柱面具有一定高度，其高度大于最终孔半径与预制孔半径之差。切削铣刀3为球头立式铣刀。The hole turning profile 2 includes arc curved surface and cylindrical surface arranged in sequence, the arc curved surface matches the flanging shape of the sheet material, and the cylindrical surface has a certain height, which is greater than the difference between the radius of the final hole and the radius of the prefabricated hole. The cutting milling cutter 3 is a ball nose vertical milling cutter.
如图2所示，采用上述开孔扩孔一体化的渐进成形翻孔工具实现的翻孔工艺包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 2, the hole turning process realized by using the above-mentioned progressive forming hole turning tool integrating hole opening and reaming includes the following steps:
1)根据需要切削的预制孔的形状和大小，生成切削铣刀3运动的第一工具运动轨迹5；1) According to the shape and size of the prefabricated hole that needs to be cut, generate the first tool movement trajectory 5 of the cutting milling cutter 3 movement;
2)根据翻孔件的形状和大小，生成翻孔型面2运动的第二工具运动轨迹8，第二工具运动轨迹不同于传统渐进成形，是在X-Y平面内逐渐扩大的同心圆运动轨迹；2) According to the shape and size of the hole-turning part, the second tool trajectory 8 for the movement of the hole-turning profile 2 is generated. The second tool trajectory is different from traditional progressive forming, and is a concentric circle trajectory that gradually expands in the X-Y plane;
3)将板料6固定于数控渐进成形机床的工作台7并压边；3) Fixing the sheet material 6 on the workbench 7 of the CNC incremental forming machine tool and pressing the edges;
4)首先将所述渐进成形翻孔工具4的连接杆1夹持于渐进数控机床主轴末端，设置合适的工具进给速率，启动数控机床，按第一工具运动轨迹控制切削铣刀3在板料6上切削预制孔如图2的(a)所示；4) First clamp the connecting rod 1 of the incremental forming hole turning tool 4 to the end of the spindle of the progressive CNC machine tool, set a suitable tool feed rate, start the CNC machine tool, and control the cutting milling cutter 3 on the plate according to the first tool movement track The cutting prefabricated hole on the material 6 is shown in (a) of Figure 2;
5)数控机床主轴带动渐进成形翻孔工具下移定位，使翻孔型面2紧靠板料6，按第二工具运动轨迹控制翻孔型面2完成翻孔加工，如图2的(b)、(c)所示；5) The spindle of the CNC machine tool drives the progressive forming hole turning tool to move down and position, so that the hole turning surface 2 is close to the sheet material 6, and the hole turning surface 2 is controlled according to the movement track of the second tool to complete the hole turning process, as shown in Figure 2 (b ), (c);
6)成形完成，数控机床主轴带动所述渐进成形翻孔工具上移，取下板料6。6) After the forming is completed, the spindle of the CNC machine tool drives the incremental forming hole-turning tool to move upwards, and the sheet material 6 is removed.
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| CN104368662A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-02-25 | 重庆大学 | Tool head and method for controlling buckling deformation in thin plate die-free gradual edge turning process |
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