CN104562446A - 一种汽车内饰用玻璃微珠-eva复合乳液包覆聚丙烯基非织造吸音材料 - Google Patents
一种汽车内饰用玻璃微珠-eva复合乳液包覆聚丙烯基非织造吸音材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种非织造吸音材料，具体涉及一种汽车内饰用玻璃微珠-EVA复合乳液包覆聚丙烯基非织造吸音材料，该材料由下列重量份的原料制成：聚丙烯22-26、聚醚酰亚胺5-8、顺丁烯二酸二乙酯1-2、松香1-2、细菌纤维素12-15、抗氧剂1076？0.1-0.2、抗氧剂DLTP？0.1-0.2、325-400目空心玻璃微珠0.5-0.8、硅烷偶联剂1-2、200-300目硅藻土20-24、固含量为10-12%的EVA乳液12-15、助剂1-2；本发明将EVA复合乳液包覆在改性聚丙烯基母粒熔喷制成的纤维丝的表面，制备得到的材料不仅秉承了传统聚丙烯非织造材料的优点，力学性能得到改善，增韧抗张，透气透湿，且纤维丝网的强度和比表面积提升，吸音降噪效果更为显著，这种材料质轻环保、柔韧紧致，不污染车内环境，原料利用率高，是一种新型实用的车用吸音材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种非织造吸音材料，具体涉及一种汽车内饰用玻璃微珠-EVA复合乳液包覆聚丙烯基非织造吸音材料。
背景技术
在汽车的发动和行驶过程中车内会产生各种动态噪音，这些噪音直接关乎乘车人的舒适度和听觉健康，过大的噪声甚至会干扰司机注意力，影响安全驾驶，因此有效的降低车厢内的噪音，营造安静、健康的驾驶和乘坐环境显得尤为重要。而要降低车内噪音主要取决于车体本身的设计、材质以及内饰吸音材料，其中设计高品质的隔音降噪材料是最常见同时也是较为高效的一种降噪手段。
以熔喷法制得的聚丙烯基复合非织造材料以其超细的纤维结构、生产简单高效、无毒无害等特点成为一类在汽车内饰中广泛应用的吸音材料，这些材料大多结构疏松，光滑的纤维外层降低了材料的比表面积，从而使得声波在材料中的振荡衰减转化时间缩短，达不到令人满意的吸音效果，在实际使用时往往通过增加材料厚度来提升降噪效果，同时成品存在易变形、抗回弹性差、易产生静电、耐热性差等缺点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，针对现有材料的不足，提供一种新型的EVA复合乳液包覆聚丙烯基非织造吸音材料，这种材料具有较大的比表面积，结构上较传统非织造材料更为紧密，降噪效果明显；为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种汽车内饰用玻璃微珠-EVA复合乳液包覆聚丙烯基非织造吸音材料，其特征在于：所述的吸音材料由下列重量份的原料制成：聚丙烯22-26、聚醚酰亚胺5-8、顺丁烯二酸二乙酯1-2、松香1-2、细菌纤维素12-15、抗氧剂1076 0.1-0.2、抗氧剂DLTP 0.1-0.2、325-400目空心玻璃微珠0.5-0.8、硅烷偶联剂1-2、200-300目硅藻土20-24、固含量为10-12%的EVA乳液12-15、助剂1-2；
所述的助剂由以下重量份的原料制成：丙二醇2-4、固含量为15-20%的气相二氧化硅溶胶4-5、羧甲基壳聚糖1-2、甜菜碱0.4-0.5、氧化铈抛光粉（氧化铈含量为45%）0.01-0.02、水8-10，制备方法为：先将丙二醇、羧甲基壳聚糖、甜菜碱一起加入水中，充分搅拌至物料完全溶解分散后，再加入其它剩余物料，高速搅拌分散40-50min，即得EVA乳液复合改性助剂。
所述的一种汽车内饰用玻璃微珠-EVA复合乳液包覆聚丙烯基非织造吸音材料，其制备方法如下：
（1）先将空心玻璃微珠、助剂一起投入EVA乳液中，超声处理40-50min，使物料在乳液中均匀分散，所得复合乳液备用；
（2）将硅藻土、细菌纤维素与硅烷偶联剂混合研磨分散1.5-2h，所得物料与其它剩余物料混合，充分搅拌均匀后投入双螺杆挤出机中在170-180℃温度下熔融挤出造粒，得改性聚丙烯基母粒；
（3）将步骤（2）所得的改性聚丙烯基母粒投入螺杆挤出机中在180-200℃下熔融，熔体经温度为230-250℃的熔喷模头喷丝孔喷出，并在250-280℃的高速热空气流作用下拉伸后进入接收装置，待纤维丝在接收装置上聚集成网后将步骤（1）制备的复合乳液均匀的喷涂到丝网中，待EVA复合乳液完全固化干燥后即得成品聚丙烯基非织造材料。
本发明的有益效果在于，经复合改性聚丙烯基母粒喷丝得到的纤维丝网材料秉承了传统聚丙烯非织造材料的优点，且其力学性能得到改善，增韧抗张，透气透湿，而制备的EVA复合乳液在纤维表面包覆固化后，其中掺杂的物料使得纤维的强度和吸声降噪能力进一步提升；本发明制备的吸音材料质轻环保、柔韧紧致，不污染车内环境，原料利用率高，是一种新型实用的车用吸音材料。
具体实施方式
实施例
一种汽车内饰用玻璃微珠-EVA复合乳液包覆聚丙烯基非织造吸音材料，其特征在于：所述的吸音材料由下列重量份的原料制成：聚丙烯25、聚醚酰亚胺6、顺丁烯二酸二乙酯2、松香2、细菌纤维素13、抗氧剂1076 0.1、抗氧剂DLTP 0.2、400目空心玻璃微珠0.6、硅烷偶联剂2、300目硅藻土24、固含量为10%的EVA乳液14、助剂2；
其中助剂由以下重量份的原料制成：丙二醇4、固含量为20%的气相二氧化硅溶胶4、羧甲基壳聚糖2、甜菜碱0.4、氧化铈抛光粉（氧化铈含量为45%）0.01、水9，制备方法为：先将丙二醇、羧甲基壳聚糖、甜菜碱一起加入水中，充分搅拌至物料完全溶解分散后，再加入其它剩余物料，高速搅拌分散50min，即得EVA乳液复合改性助剂。
一种汽车内饰用玻璃微珠-EVA复合乳液包覆聚丙烯基非织造吸音材料，其制备方法如下：
（1）先将空心玻璃微珠、助剂一起投入EVA乳液中，超声处理50min，使物料在乳液中均匀分散，所得复合乳液备用；
（2）将硅藻土、细菌纤维素与硅烷偶联剂混合研磨分散1.8h，所得物料与其它剩余物料混合，充分搅拌均匀后投入双螺杆挤出机中在175℃温度下熔融挤出造粒，得改性聚丙烯基母粒；
（3）将步骤（2）所得的改性聚丙烯基母粒投入螺杆挤出机中在190℃下熔融，熔体经温度为240℃的熔喷模头喷丝孔喷出，并在265℃的高速热空气流作用下拉伸后进入接收装置，待纤维丝在接收装置上聚集成网后将步骤（1）制备的复合乳液均匀的喷涂到丝网中，待EVA复合乳液完全固化干燥后即得成品聚丙烯基非织造材料。
将本实施例制得的吸音材料制备成8mm厚的薄层，其面密度为：368g/m-2；纵向拉伸强度（N.(5cm)-1）为：52。
其吸音性能测试结果为：
| 声波频率 | 100Hz | 200Hz | 500Hz | 1KHz | 2KHz | 3KHz | 4KHz | 5KHz |
| 吸声系数 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.38 | 0.56 | 0.75 | 0.86 | 0.91 |
Claims (2)
1.一种汽车内饰用玻璃微珠-EVA复合乳液包覆聚丙烯基非织造吸音材料，其特征在于：所述的吸音材料由下列重量份的原料制成：聚丙烯22-26、聚醚酰亚胺5-8、顺丁烯二酸二乙酯1-2、松香1-2、细菌纤维素12-15、抗氧剂1076 0.1-0.2、抗氧剂DLTP 0.1-0.2、325-400目空心玻璃微珠0.5-0.8、硅烷偶联剂1-2、200-300目硅藻土20-24、固含量为10-12%的EVA乳液12-15、助剂1-2；
所述的助剂由以下重量份的原料制成：丙二醇2-4、固含量为15-20%的气相二氧化硅溶胶4-5、羧甲基壳聚糖1-2、甜菜碱0.4-0.5、氧化铈抛光粉（氧化铈含量为45%）0.01-0.02、水8-10，制备方法为：先将丙二醇、羧甲基壳聚糖、甜菜碱一起加入水中，充分搅拌至物料完全溶解分散后，再加入其它剩余物料，高速搅拌分散40-50min，即得EVA乳液复合改性助剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种汽车内饰用玻璃微珠-EVA复合乳液包覆聚丙烯基非织造吸音材料，该材料的制备方法如下：
（1）先将空心玻璃微珠、助剂一起投入EVA乳液中，超声处理40-50min，使物料在乳液中均匀分散，所得复合乳液备用；
（2）将硅藻土、细菌纤维素与硅烷偶联剂混合研磨分散1.5-2h，所得物料与其它剩余物料混合，充分搅拌均匀后投入双螺杆挤出机中在170-180℃温度下熔融挤出造粒，得改性聚丙烯基母粒；
（3）将步骤（2）所得的改性聚丙烯基母粒投入螺杆挤出机中在180-200℃下熔融，熔体经温度为230-250℃的熔喷模头喷丝孔喷出，并在250-280℃的高速热空气流作用下拉伸后进入接收装置，待纤维丝在接收装置上聚集成网后将步骤（1）制备的复合乳液均匀的喷涂到丝网中，待EVA复合乳液完全固化干燥后即得成品聚丙烯基非织造材料。
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