CN104560820A - 屎肠球菌kq2.6及应用 - Google Patents
屎肠球菌kq2.6及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104560820A CN104560820A CN201410850022.7A CN201410850022A CN104560820A CN 104560820 A CN104560820 A CN 104560820A CN 201410850022 A CN201410850022 A CN 201410850022A CN 104560820 A CN104560820 A CN 104560820A
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- enterococcus faecium
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Abstract
本发明公开了一株新菌株--屎肠球菌(Enterococcus?faecium)KQ2.6,以及该菌株或其发酵产物作为益生菌或制备减肥药物中的应用;首次从孔雀新鲜排泄物中分离得到一株新菌株--屎肠球菌KQ2.6,该菌株不仅对环境压力具有良好的耐受性,而且该菌株或其发酵产物对常见病原微生物具有抑制作用;另外,小鼠安全性实验表明该菌株是安全性的;该菌株还具有抑制小鼠体重增加的功效,本发明显示出该菌株在食品等领域具有良好的应用前景。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种屎肠球菌及其作为益生菌的应用。
(二)背景技术
肥胖是人体能量摄入和消耗失衡的结果,即能量摄入大于能量消耗,造成能量在体内以脂肪的形式储存下来,体重明显增加形成肥胖。在正常情况下,人体能量的摄入与消耗保持着相对的平衡,人体的体重也保持相对稳定。一旦遭到破坏,摄入的能量多于能量的消耗,则多余的能量在体内以脂肪的形式贮存起来,日积月累,最终发生肥胖。肥胖的发生与家庭、个人生活习惯、社会经济发展、文化背景等环境有关以及不良的饮食习惯、运动不足等因素有关。
肥胖症是一种人体的慢性病,它是人类目前面临的最容易被忽视,但发病率却在急剧上升的一种疾病。在我国,患肥胖症的人数逐年增高。据估计,中国现有肥胖人群约8000万人。肥胖不仅给人们带来自身形态的烦恼,导致生活质量下降。肥胖症还与糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症、高尿酸血症、缺血性心脑疾病、癌症、变形性关节炎、月经异常、妊娠和分娩异常等很多疾病有明显的关系,而且可增加死亡的危险性。肥胖症已成为我国主要致死、致残的病因。为此,消除肥胖疾病,已经成为医学界刻不容缓的任务。
益生菌是一类通过改善宿主体内的微生态平衡进而促进宿主健康的单一或混合的活的微生物制剂。益生菌对于身体健康,尤其是肠道系统的健康至关重要。益生菌与人类的关系非常密切,可以讲“如果没有益生菌的存在,人类的健康就难以保证,生存就有困难”。
益生菌大体上可以分成三大类:(1)乳酸杆菌类(如嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、詹氏乳杆菌、拉曼乳杆菌、短乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌等);(2)双歧杆菌类(如长双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌、卵形双歧杆菌、嗜热双歧杆菌、青春双歧杆菌等);(3)革兰氏阳性球菌(如粪链球菌、乳球菌、中介链球菌等)。此外,还有一些酿酒酵母菌、布氏酵母菌、部分霉菌及非致命性大肠杆菌亦可归入益生菌范畴。益生菌可通过在适当丰富的培养基或选择性培养基上反复培养的方法,从人和动物的口腔、肠道内容物和粪便中分离得到。近年来随着益生菌研究的不断深入,人们已经从各种来源筛选并鉴定了多种益生菌。据报道,我国每年就减肥一项将花费国人600亿元。为了减少肥胖人群的经济负担和对健康的需求,需要一些能够标本兼治,经济实惠的减肥产品。因此本课题组从新鲜孔雀排泄物出发,希望可以筛选出具有抑菌、减肥功效的益生菌,为益生菌相关产品的开发打下基础。
(三)发明内容
本发明目的是提供一株新菌株--屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)KQ2.6,以及该菌株或其发酵产物作为益生菌的应用。该菌株或其发酵产物除具有抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、化脓性链球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白色念球菌等病源微生物,还具有抑制小鼠体重增加的功效,可用于制备益生菌制剂或减肥药物。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
本发明提供一株新菌株--屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)KQ 2.6,保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏日期为2014年05月12日,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2014197,保藏地址为中国武汉武汉大学,所述屎肠球菌KQ 2.6具有抵抗环境压力的耐受性,所述耐受性为抗生素耐受性、酸耐受性、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶耐受性或盐耐受性。
本发明还提供一种益生菌制剂,所述益生菌制剂包含药用辅料和所述屎肠球菌KQ 2.6经发酵培养获得的上清液。
进一步,优选所述药用辅料为羧甲基纤维素钠或羧甲基淀粉钠。
更进一步,所述的益生菌制剂中屎肠球菌KQ 2.6的含量为5×107~5×1012CFU/mL。所述益生菌制剂中药用辅料以质量浓度1%水溶液的形式加入,更优选益生菌制剂为:将质量浓度1%羧甲基纤维素钠水溶液与屎肠球菌KQ 2.6发酵上清液混合成5×107~5×1012CFU/mL菌悬液(优选5×1012CFU/mL)。
本发明所述益生菌制剂的使用量为107~1012CFU/kg体重。
本发明所述屎肠球菌KQ 2.6经发酵培养获得的上清液按如下方法制备:
(1)斜面培养
将屎肠球菌KQ 2.6接种至斜面培养基,37℃培养1天,获得斜面菌体;每升斜面培养基终浓度组成:蛋白胨10g,牛肉膏5.0g,磷酸氢二钾2.0g,葡萄糖20g,硫酸镁0.20g,硫酸锰0.050g,酵母浸粉4.0g,柠檬酸三铵2.0g,乙酸钠5.0g,吐温-801.0g,琼脂20g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH 6.2;
(2)发酵培养
从斜面菌体挑取一接种环菌体接种至发酵培养基,37℃培养12~24小时,获得发酵培养液,将发酵培养液离心,取上清液,即为屎肠球菌KQ2.6菌液;所述发酵培养基终浓度组成为:蛋白胨10g/L,牛肉膏5.0g/L,磷酸氢二钾2.0g/L,葡萄糖20g/L,硫酸镁0.20g/L,硫酸锰0.050g/L,酵母浸粉4.0g/L,柠檬酸三铵2.0g/L,乙酸钠5.0g/L,吐温-801.0g/L,溶剂为蒸馏水,pH 6.2。
本发明还涉及一种所述屎肠球菌KQ 2.6在制备减肥药物中的应用,所述的减肥药物包含可药用辅料和所述屎肠球菌KQ 2.6经发酵培养获得的上清液或上清液浓缩干燥后的菌粉。
所述可药用辅料包括羧甲基纤维素钠或羧甲基淀粉钠。
所述减肥药物中屎肠球菌KQ 2.6含量为5×107~5×1012CFU/g。
本发明优选所述减肥药物为:将屎肠球菌KQ 2.6经发酵培养获得的上清液减压浓缩至浓度5.0×108~5.0×1013CFU/mL的浓缩液(优选5.0×1010CFU/ml),然后将可药用辅料(优选羧甲基纤维素钠)与浓缩液混合均匀,放入冷冻干燥机中-40℃干燥,制备得到含菌量5.0×107~5.0×1012CFU/g的减肥药物(优选5.0×1011CFU/g)。
本发明所述减肥药物的使用量为107~1012CFU/kg体重,每天使用2次,服用60~90天为一疗程,服用1~2疗程体重减轻3~10kg。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果主要体现在:首次从孔雀新鲜排泄物中分离得到一株新菌株--屎肠球菌KQ 2.6,该菌株不仅对环境压力具有良好的耐受性,而且该菌株或其发酵产物对常见病原微生物具有抑制作用。另外,小鼠安全性实验表明该菌株是安全性的。该菌株还具有抑制小鼠体重增加的功效。本发明显示出该菌株在食品等领域具有良好的应用前景。
(四)附图说明
图1屎肠球菌KQ 2.6耐酸性。
图2屎肠球菌KQ 2.6高盐耐受性。
图3屎肠球菌KQ 2.6胃蛋白酶耐受性。
图4屎肠球菌KQ 2.6胰蛋白酶耐受性。
图5屎肠球菌KQ 2.6粘附性能。
图6屎肠球菌KQ 2.6发酵上清液对化脓性链球菌的抑菌作用。
图7小鼠急毒性试验脏器组织切片:A为肝,B为肾,C为脾。
图8小鼠亚急毒性试验脏器组织切片:A为肝,B为肾,C为脾。
图9小鼠亚急性毒性试验器官指数。
(五)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
实施例1菌株分离纯化及鉴定
(一)操作
1、菌株分离纯化
采用无菌操作,取健康孔雀新鲜排泄物(1.0g)置于无菌生理盐水的试管中,充分震荡均匀,形成混悬液。取100μL混悬液于10mL胆盐液体培养液中,置于37℃培养24h;然后吸取0.50mL培养液于盛有4.5mL无菌生理盐水的试管中,此稀释度为10-1,重复以上过程做10倍比稀释,至10-5稀释浓度,吸取各稀释度下0.10mL菌液滴于2.0%CaCO3-MRS固体培养基平板上,涂布均匀后,平板置于37℃培养24h。挑取白色圆形规整的菌落,在MRS固体培养基上进行划线分离培养,获得初选菌株,置于4℃冰箱保存备用。
将初选菌株接种到MRS固体培养基中,37℃培养24h后,进行过氧化氢酶试验。筛选革兰氏染色呈阳性、过氧化氢酶试验阴性的菌株,并对通过上述试验的菌株进行抵抗外界压力耐受性评价,筛选得到一株活性最强的菌株,命名为菌株KQ 2.6。将菌株KQ 2.6转接到MRS液体培养基中,放于37℃培养24h后,取600μL菌液加入已加有400μL、体积浓度为50%甘油(已灭菌)的冻存管中混合,将冻存管放入-20℃冰箱保存,进行菌种保存。本发明将重点介绍菌株KQ 2.6的筛选、鉴定及性能评价。
在上述筛选的方法中,涉及到培养基如下:
每升MRS固体培养基组成:蛋白胨10g,牛肉膏5.0g,磷酸氢二钾2.0g,葡萄糖20g,硫酸镁0.20g,硫酸锰0.050g,酵母浸粉4.0g,柠檬酸三铵2.0g,乙酸钠5.0g,吐温-801.0g,琼脂20g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH 6.2。
每升MRS液体培养基组成:蛋白胨10g,牛肉膏5.0g,磷酸氢二钾2.0g,葡萄糖20g,硫酸镁0.20g,硫酸锰0.050g,酵母浸粉4.0g,柠檬酸三铵2.0g,乙酸钠5.0g,吐温-801.0g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH 6.2。
每升2.0%CaCO3-MRS固体培养基组成:蛋白胨10g,牛肉膏5.0g,磷酸氢二钾2.0g,葡萄糖20g,硫酸镁0.20g,硫酸锰0.050g,酵母浸粉4.0g,柠檬酸三铵2.0g,乙酸钠5.0g,吐温-801.0g,CaCO320g,琼脂20g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH 6.2。
每升胆盐液体培养基组成:蛋白胨10g,牛肉膏5.0g,磷酸氢二钾2.0g,葡萄糖20g,硫酸镁0.20g,硫酸锰0.050g,酵母浸粉4.0g,柠檬酸三铵2.0g,乙酸钠5.0g,吐温-801.0g,胆盐5.0g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH 3.0。
2、菌体鉴定
2.1菌体革兰氏染色试验
取干净的玻片,用接种环取一环无菌水于玻片上,而后挑取少量菌株KQ 2.6,涂布均匀,干燥固定。滴加结晶紫染色液,染色一分钟,水洗,接着滴加卢氏碘液媒染,作用一分钟,水洗,然后滴加体积浓度95%乙醇水溶液脱色30秒,最后滴加番红复染色液复染2-3分钟,水洗,晾干。在普通光学显微镜下观察菌株形态和颜色,若菌体被染成蓝紫色则为革兰氏阳性菌,被染成红色则为革兰氏阴性菌。
革兰氏染色试剂配制:
1)草酸铵结晶紫染色液的配制
A液结晶紫2.0g,95%酒精20mL;B液草酸铵0.80g,蒸馏水80mL混合A、B液,静置48h后使用。
2)卢氏碘液
碘片1.0g,碘化钾2.0g,蒸馏水300mL
先将碘化钾溶解于少量水中,再将碘片溶解于碘化钾溶液中,待碘完全溶解后加入蒸馏水即可。
3)番红复染液
番红2.5g,95%酒精100mL
取上述配好的番红酒精10mL与80mL蒸馏水混匀而成。
2.2过氧化氢酶试验:将一小环菌株KQ 2.6涂抹于滴有体积浓度为3.0%过氧化氢的载片上,观察是否有气泡的产生。若有气泡产生则为阳性,无气泡产生则为阴性。
2.3菌株生理生化试验
2.3.1硫化氢试验:挑取菌株KQ 2.6接种于硫化氢生化管中,放于37℃培养24h,若生化管中有黑色沉淀产生,则为阳性,否则为阴性。
2.3.2硝酸盐还原试验:取菌株KQ 2.6接种到硝酸盐还原反应生化管中,37℃培养3~5天,每支生化管中均滴加一滴Griess试剂A液和Griess试剂B液,观察培养液是否变成红色、橙色或棕色,若有上述反应,说明培养液中存在亚硝酸盐;若无上述反应,则滴入1~2滴二苯胺试剂,观察培养液是否呈蓝色反应。若呈蓝色反应,表示培养液中还存在硝酸盐;若不呈蓝色反应,表示硝酸盐和新生成的亚硝酸盐都已还原成其它物质。
2.3.3吲哚试验:将菌株KQ 2.6接种到蛋白胨水培养基中,培养48h后,滴加3-4滴乙醚,摇动数次,静置1min,待乙醚上升后,沿试管壁徐徐加入2滴吲哚试剂。在乙醚和培养物之间产生红色环状物为阳性,无红色环状物为阴性。
每升蛋白胨水培养基组成为:胰蛋白胨10g,氯化钠5.0g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH 7.4。
2.3.4糖发酵试验:将菌株KQ 2.6接种到糖发酵管培养基中,37℃培养24h。24h后菌液指示剂变黄的为阳性,指示剂不变的为阴性。试验中分别使用乳糖、麦芽糖、可溶性淀粉、D-果糖、L-鼠李糖、D-甘露糖、D-木糖、D-半乳糖、D-纤维二糖、葡萄糖、D-甘露醇、蔗糖、棉籽糖进行糖发酵试验。
每升糖发酵管培养基组成为:牛肉膏5.0g,蛋白胨10g,氯化钠3.0g,磷酸氢二钠2.0g,0.20%溴麝香草酚蓝溶液12mL,试验用糖50g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH 7.4。
2.3.5v-p试验:将菌株KQ 2.6接种于葡萄糖磷酸盐蛋白胨水生化管中,37℃培养24-48h,呈红色反应为阳性。
2.3.6枸橼酸盐利用试验:将菌株KQ 2.6接种于枸橼酸盐生化管中,37℃培养1-4天,若培养基变为蓝色则为阳性,变成绿色,则为阴性。
2.3.7甲基红试验:将菌株KQ 2.6接种于葡萄糖蛋白胨培养基,30℃培养,从第二天起(即24h后),每日取培养液1.0mL,滴加甲基红指示剂1~2滴,鲜红色为阳性,淡红色为弱阳性,黄色为阴性。迄至发现阳性或至第5天仍为阴性,即可判定结果。
每升葡萄糖蛋白胨培养基组成为:牛肉膏5.0g,蛋白胨10g,氯化钠3.0g,磷酸氢二钠2.0g,0.20%溴麝香草酚蓝溶液12mL,葡萄糖50g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH 7.4。
2.4菌株16S rDNA序列鉴定
抽提菌株KQ 2.6的DNA作为PCR扩增模板,PCR扩增,用于16SrDNA PCR扩增的引物为:上游引物:5’-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-‘3,下游引物:5’-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-‘3,得到16S rDNA基因序列,PCR反应体系为10×buffer 5.0μL,模板DNA 5.0μL,Taq DNA聚合酶1.5μL,2.5mM dNTPs 4.0μL,上游引物(15pmol)1.0μL,下游引物(15pmol)1.0μL,超纯水32.5μL,总50μL。PCR反应条件为:94℃预变性5min,94℃变性1min,58℃退火30s,72℃延伸1min,共循环30次,最后72℃延伸10min。反应结束后,对PCR扩增产物进行1.0%的琼脂糖胶电泳检测,结果经扩增获得了大约1500bp的条带。从PCR反应物体系中回收PCR扩增条带,送至生物公司进行DNA序列测定。将测序得到的基因序列与GenBank数据库中的16S rDNA序列进行Blastn比对及同源性比较。
(二)结论
1、菌株的鉴定
1.1形态学特征:筛选得到的菌株KQ 2.6在MRS固体培养基上呈圆形菌落,白色不透明,表面光滑湿润,边缘整齐。菌体进行革兰氏染色,菌体成球形,成对或链状排列,革兰氏染色阳性。
1.2生理生化特性:将菌株KQ 2.6生理生化特性如表1所示。
表1菌株生理生化特性结果
注:“+”为阳性,“-”为阴性
1.3菌株16S rDNA鉴定:经过测序,菌株KQ 2.6的16S rDNA与Enterococcus faecium的16S rDNA序列的同源性达到了100%。
综合菌株形态学观察、生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA测序结果,可以确定该菌株KQ 2.6为屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium),命名为屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)KQ 2.6,保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏日期为2014-05-12,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2014197,保藏地址为中国武汉武汉大学。
实施例2屎肠球菌KQ 2.6发酵液的制备
将屎肠球菌KQ 2.6接种至斜面培养基,37℃培养1天,获得斜面菌体。从斜面菌体挑取菌体KQ 2.6接种至发酵培养基,37℃培养12~24小时,获得发酵培养液,将发酵培养液离心,取上清液,即为屎肠球菌KQ 2.6菌液(浓度1~2×108CFU/mL)。所述每升发酵培养基终浓度组成为:蛋白胨10g,牛肉膏5.0g,磷酸氢二钾2.0g,葡萄糖20g,硫酸镁0.20g,硫酸锰0.050g,酵母浸粉4.0g,柠檬酸三铵2.0g,乙酸钠5.0g,吐温-801.0g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH 6.2。
实施例3屎肠球菌KQ 2.6耐抗生素性能
取实施例2获得屎肠球菌KQ 2.6菌液0.10mL(2×107CFU/mL)涂布于MRS固体平板培养基,待平板表面稍干后,分别放置常见抗生素(四环素、万古霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、新霉素、氯霉素、红霉素、对粘菌素B、链霉素、环丙沙星、麦迪霉素、头孢唑啉、利福平、青霉素、氧氟沙星)药敏纸片(购自北京赛为思生物技术研发中心),贴紧培养基表面,37℃培养24h,测定抑菌圈直径,得到该菌株对上述抗生素的耐药性。抗生素耐药性判断标准为:无抑菌圈为不敏感,抑菌圈直径<10mm为低敏,抑菌圈直径10~15mm为中敏,抑菌圈直径>15mm为高敏,结果见表2所示。
表2屎肠球菌KQ 2.6抗生素耐受性
注:无抑菌圈为-,抑菌圈直径<10mm为+,抑菌圈直径10-15mm为++,抑菌圈直径>15mm为+++。
由表2可知,屎肠球菌KQ 2.6对多粘菌素B有抗性,对其余抗生素无抗性。不同抗生素对屎肠球菌KQ 2.6的影响不同,其中,四环素对屎肠球菌KQ 2.6的影响最大,麦迪霉素次之,庆大霉素最小。
实施例4屎肠球菌KQ 2.6耐酸性
取干净试管若干,分别加入10mL MRS液体培养基,用0.10M HCl和0.10M NaOH分别调节培养基的pH为6.2,5.0,4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0,灭菌。冷却后接入实施例2获得屎肠球菌KQ 2.6菌液100μL,在振荡器上充分混合,37℃培养24h,取培养液进行浓度梯度稀释,选取10-3~10-11稀释度(10倍梯度)的稀释菌液涂布MRS培养基。将涂布后的MRS培养基放入37℃培养24h,24h后取出进行菌落计数,结果见图1所示。由图1可知,屎肠球菌KQ 2.6能在较低pH条件下(pH 1.8-3.0)生长繁殖,随着pH的增加,菌株生长能力越来越强。由此可知,屎肠球菌KQ 2.6具有较好的耐酸性。
实施例5屎肠球菌KQ 2.6高盐耐受性
取干净试管若干,分别加入氯化钠质量浓度为0.90%,2.0%,3.0%,5.0%,8.0%MRS液体培养基,灭菌。冷却后接入实施例2获得屎肠球菌KQ 2.6菌液100μL,在振荡器上充分混合,放入37℃培养24h,取培养液进行10倍浓度梯度稀释,选取10-4~10-10稀释度的菌液涂布MRS固体培养基,37℃培养24h,24h后取出进行菌落计数,结果见图2所示。由图2可知,在盐浓度为0.90%时,屎肠球菌KQ 2.6存活数大约10LogCFU/mL,而在盐浓度为8.0%时,该菌株存活数还能维持5.0LogCFU/mL。由此可知,屎肠球菌KQ 2.6具有较好的耐盐性。
实施例6屎肠球菌KQ 2.6胃蛋白酶耐受性
取干净试管若干,分别加入20mL生理盐水,用质量浓度为36~38%浓盐酸将其pH调至2.5,灭菌。冷却后加入胃蛋白酶(购自上海励瑞生物科技有限公司,2500U/mg,终浓度5.0mg/mL),接入实施例2获得屎肠球菌KQ 2.6菌液100μL,在振荡器上充分混合,37℃分别培养0,1,2,3,4,5,6h,取培养后的培养夜进行10倍浓度梯度稀释,选取10-7~10-11稀释度的菌液涂布MRS固体培养基,37℃培养24h,24h后取出进行菌落计数,结果见图3所示。由图3可知,胃蛋白酶溶液对屎肠球菌KQ 2.6的生长影响不是很大,说明菌种对胃蛋白酶有较好的耐受性。
实施例7屎肠球菌KQ 2.6胰蛋白酶耐受性
取干净试管若干,分别加入20mL生理盐水,灭菌。冷却后加入胰蛋白酶(购自大连美仑生物技术有限公司,2500U/mg,终浓度10mg/mL),接入实施例2获得屎肠球菌KQ 2.6菌液100μL,在振荡器上充分混合,37℃分别培养0,1,2,3,4,5,6h,分别取培养液进行10倍浓度梯度稀释,选取10-7~10-11稀释度的菌液涂布MRS固体培养基,37℃培养24h,24h后取出进行菌落计数,结果见图4所示。由图4可知,屎肠球菌KQ 2.6在含胰蛋白酶的培养液中培养6h后,菌落数下降约4.0Log CFU/mL,表明屎肠球菌KQ 2.6具有一定的胰蛋白酶耐受性。
实施例8屎肠球菌KQ 2.6粘附性
将Hep-2细胞(购自上海雨辰生物技术有限公司)置于含10%热灭活新生牛血清和双抗(青霉素、链霉素浓度均为100U/mL)的DMEM培养基(购自上海博升生物科技有限公司)中,于37℃、10%CO2、95%湿度的二氧化碳培养箱中孵育,每天换1次培养液,3~4天传代1次,15~20天后将细胞接种于内含盖玻片的6孔培养板中,接种密度约为4×104个/mL,待细胞长至单层后进行黏附试验。将已长成单层的细胞用灭菌磷酸缓冲液pH 7.4漂洗2次,每孔加入1.0mL实施例2获得屎肠球菌KQ 2.6菌液(浓度1~2×108CFU/mL)和1.0mL新鲜DMEM培养液。置37℃、10%CO2、95%湿度的二氧化碳培养箱中孵育1h,用灭菌的磷酸缓冲液(pH 7.4)漂洗细胞5次,然后用甲醇固定,革兰氏染色,显微镜下观察菌体的粘附情况,结果见图5所示。由图5可知,细胞周围黏附着一圈屎肠球菌KQ 2.6(即图中的透明较小颗粒状物质),这表明屎肠球菌KQ 2.6有一定的粘附性,在体内也可以黏附在肠黏膜上皮细胞上,从而发挥其生理作用。
实施例9屎肠球菌KQ 2.6抑菌性
在LB固体平板上分别涂布金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌及枯草芽孢杆菌等病原菌(具体信息如表3所示),待平板表面稍干后,用3mm的打孔器打孔,然后用少许融化的LB固体培养基封底,在各孔中分别加入实施例2获得屎肠球菌KQ 2.6菌液,37℃培养20h,观察有无抑菌圈,结果见图6和表4所示。
每升LB固体培养基组成为:酵母提取物10g,胰蛋白胨4.0g,氯化钠1.0g,琼脂20g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH值为6.2。
表3本发明涉及病原菌相关信息
表4屎肠球菌KQ 2.6抑菌性试验结果
注:抑菌圈直径为0-5mm为+,抑菌圈直径为6-10mm为++,抑菌圈直径为11-15mm为+++,抑菌圈直径为>16mm为++++。
由表3和图6可知,屎肠球菌KQ 2.6对表3中13种指示菌均有不同程度的抑菌作用,其中对蜡样芽胞杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌、化脓性链球菌的抑菌作用尤为明显。
实施例10屎肠球菌KQ 2.6减肥药物的制备
取实施例2获得屎肠球菌KQ 2.6菌液减压浓缩至浓度5.0×1011CFU/mL的浓缩液,然后将可药用辅料羧甲基纤维素(10g)与浓缩液混合均匀,放入冷冻干燥机中-40℃干燥,制备得到屎肠球菌KQ 2.6减肥药物(含菌量5×1010CFU/g)。
实施例11屎肠球菌KQ 2.6安全性评价
(1)将50只健康小鼠(购自杭州师范大学动物实验中心)随机分组分成10组,雌雄各半,适应性饲养3天后进行安全性评价试验。动物室灯光12h照明,通风和空调设备良好,室温控制在20~25℃,相对湿度为45~50%,结果见图7所示。
由图7可知,在喂养期间,实验组小鼠均未有明显异常症状,小鼠肝、肾和脾等脏器发现均无异常变化,病理检查各脏器也均无异常改变。说明该屎肠球菌KQ 2.6对雌雄小鼠没有毒性。
(2)小鼠急性毒性试验:选健康、成年,体重25g左右小鼠40只,雌雄各半。随机分组,每组20只,雌雄各半,试验组喂养屎肠球菌KQ 2.6的菌悬液(按照实施例2制备的屎肠球菌KQ 2.6菌液,与质量浓度1.0%羧甲基纤维素水溶液混合成5.0×1012CFU/mL的菌悬液),对照组用等量的1.0%羧甲基纤维素水溶液替代菌悬液,喂养量为2×1011CFU。24h内分两次灌胃,连续观察10天,每日记录各组小鼠的体重变化,精神状态,生长及呼吸状况。10天后处死小鼠,观察小鼠肝、肾及脾脏等器官的形态特征。结果见图8所示。由图8可知,在喂养期间,观察小鼠的肝、肾和脾等脏器发现均无异常变化,病理检查各脏器也均无异常改变。证明屎肠球菌KQ 2.6没有毒性。
(3)小鼠亚急性毒性试验:选健康、成年,体重25g左右小鼠40只,雌雄各半。随机分为高剂量组(按照实施例2制备的屎肠球菌KQ 2.6菌液与质量浓度1.0%羧甲基纤维素水溶液混合成1×1011CFU/mL的菌悬液)、中剂量组(按照实施例2制备的屎肠球菌KQ 2.6菌液与质量浓度1.0%羧甲基纤维素水溶液混合成5.0×1010CFU/mL的菌悬液)、低剂量组(按照实施例2制备的屎肠球菌KQ 2.6菌液与质量浓度1.0%羧甲基纤维素水溶液混合成1.0×1010CFU/mL的菌悬液)和对照组。每组10只,雌雄各半。高、中、低剂量组分别灌胃0.10mL,每天灌胃一次,连续灌胃14天。对照组不做处理。每日记录各组小鼠的体重变化,精神状态,生长及呼吸状况。14天后处死小鼠,观察小鼠肝、肾及脾脏等器官的形态特征。结果见图9所示。小鼠猝死前12h禁食,然后称量小鼠体重。小鼠解剖后立即取肝、脾、肾称重,计算各脏器指数(器官重量/小鼠体重×100%)。将各组小鼠分别无菌操作眼球取血,抗凝稀释,用血常规检测仪对红细胞总数(RBC)、白细胞总数(WBC)、血红蛋白总数(Hb)等项目进行测定,结果见表5所示。
由图9可知,不同剂量的屎肠球菌KQ 2.6灌胃小鼠,其脏器指数均无出现明显波动,说明屎肠球菌KQ 2.6对肝、肾、脾无不良影响。
表5小鼠血常规
由表5可知,不同剂量组之间血红蛋白(Hb),红细胞总数(RBC),白细胞总数(WBC),及粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞百分比均无显著性差异。血常规情况无异常,表明屎肠球菌KQ 2.6对小鼠组织器官无影响。
实施例12灌胃益生菌菌液对小鼠体重的影响
选健康、成年,体重25g左右小鼠40只,雌雄各半。随机分为高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组和对照组。每组10只,雌雄各半。高、中、低剂量组分别灌胃0.10mL(低剂量)、0.50mL(中剂量)、1.0mL(高剂量),浓度均为5×1010CFU/mL菌悬液(按照实施例2制备的屎肠球菌KQ 2.6菌液与质量浓度1.0%羧甲基纤维素水溶液混合成5×1010CFU/mL菌悬液),每天灌胃一次,连续灌胃60天。对照组不做处理。
60天动物实验表明,雌雄小鼠摄入不同剂量的益生菌后精神状态无异常、生长状况良好、呼吸平稳、排便正常,不同剂量小鼠喂养60天,其体重变化情如表6所示。从表6可知,与对照组相比,益生菌组每日体重变化值最小。说明屎肠球菌KQ 2.6菌液能有效抑制小鼠体重的增加。各组与对照组相比没有异常的变化规律,不同剂量组间无显著的剂量效应(P>0.05)。
表6小鼠体重变化
实施例13灌胃益生菌菌粉对小鼠体重的影响
选健康、成年,体重25g左右小鼠40只,雌雄各半。随机分为高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组和对照组。每组10只,雌雄各半。高、中、低剂量组分别灌胃0.10g(低剂量)、0.50g(中剂量)、1.0g(高剂量),浓度均为5×1010CFU/g食用菌粉(按照实施例10制备的屎肠球菌KQ 2.6菌粉),每天灌胃一次,连续灌胃90天。对照组不做处理。
90天动物实验表明,雌雄小鼠摄入不同剂量的益生菌菌粉后精神状态无异常、生长状况良好、呼吸平稳、排便正常,不同剂量小鼠喂养60天,其体重变化情如表7所示。从表7可知,与对照组相比,益生菌菌粉组每日体重变化值最小。说明屎肠球菌KQ 2.6菌粉能有效抑制小鼠体重的增加。各组与对照组相比没有异常的变化规律,不同剂量组间无显著的剂量效应(P>0.05)。
表7小鼠体重变化
Claims (10)
1.屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)KQ 2.6,保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏日期为2014年05月12日,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2014197,保藏地址为中国武汉武汉大学,邮编430072。
2.一种权利要求1所述屎肠球菌KQ 2.6在制备益生菌制剂中的应用。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于所述益生菌制剂包含药用辅料和所述屎肠球菌KQ 2.6经发酵培养获得的上清液。
4.如权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于所述药用辅料为羧甲基纤维素钠或羧甲基淀粉钠。
5.如权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于所述益生菌制剂中屎肠球菌KQ 2.6的含量为5×107~5×1012CFU/mL。
6.如权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于所述上清液按如下步骤制备:(1)将屎肠球菌KQ 2.6接种至斜面培养基,37℃培养1天,获得斜面菌体;每升斜面培养基终浓度组成:蛋白胨10g,牛肉膏5.0g,磷酸氢二钾2.0g,葡萄糖20g,硫酸镁0.20g,硫酸锰0.050g,酵母浸粉4.0g,柠檬酸三铵2.0g,乙酸钠5.0g,吐温-801.0g,琼脂20g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH 6.2;(2)挑取斜面菌体接种至发酵培养基,37℃培养12~24小时,获得发酵培养液,将发酵培养液离心,获得上清液;所述每升发酵培养基终浓度组成为:蛋白胨10g,牛肉膏5.0g,磷酸氢二钾2.0g,葡萄糖20g,硫酸镁0.20g,硫酸锰0.050g,酵母浸粉4.0g,柠檬酸三铵2.0g,乙酸钠5.0g,吐温-801.0g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH 6.2。
7.一种权利要求1所述屎肠球菌KQ 2.6在制备减肥药物中的应用。
8.如权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于所述的减肥药物包含可药用辅料和所述屎肠球菌KQ 2.6经发酵培养获得的上清液或上清液浓缩干燥后的菌粉。
9.如权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于所述可药用辅料包括羧甲基纤维素钠或羧甲基淀粉钠。
10.如权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于所述减肥药物中屎肠球菌KQ2.6含量为5×107~5×1012CFU/g。
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