CN104568826A - Miniature solidified near-infrared spectroscopy based on linear variable filter - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于线性渐变滤光片的微型固化近红外光谱仪，涉及光谱分析仪器技术领域，包括：光源，所述微型固化近红外光谱仪还包括：抛物面反射镜、样品池、线性渐变滤光片和阵列式探测器；所述光源产生近红外光束，所述抛物面反射镜对所述近红外光束进行离轴反射，产生平行光束；所述样品池放置待测样品，采集透射的近红外光信号；所述线性渐变滤光片构成分光系统，通过滤光特性对所述近红外光信号进行分光；所述阵列式探测器检测入射到不同位置处的不同波长的近红外光信号。本发明实现了近红外光谱仪内部元器件的固定化和内部光路的简单化、紧凑化，具备了微型固化的特点，提高了近红外光谱仪的便携性和稳定性。
The invention discloses a miniature solidified near-infrared spectrometer based on a linear gradient filter, which relates to the technical field of spectral analysis instruments, including: a light source, and the miniature solidified near-infrared spectrometer also includes: a parabolic reflector, a sample pool, a linear gradient filter A light sheet and an array detector; the light source generates a near-infrared beam, and the parabolic reflector off-axis reflects the near-infrared beam to generate a parallel beam; the sample pool places the sample to be tested and collects the transmitted near-infrared beam. optical signal; the linear gradient filter constitutes a spectroscopic system, which splits the near-infrared light signal through light filtering characteristics; the array detector detects near-infrared light signals of different wavelengths incident on different positions. The invention realizes the immobilization of internal components of the near-infrared spectrometer and the simplification and compactness of the internal optical path, possesses the characteristics of micro-curing, and improves the portability and stability of the near-infrared spectrometer.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及光谱分析仪器技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于线性渐变滤光片的微型固化近红外光谱仪。The invention relates to the technical field of spectral analysis instruments, in particular to a miniature solidified near-infrared spectrometer based on a linear gradient filter.
背景技术Background technique
近红外光谱是介于可见光和中红外之间的电磁辐射波段，波长范围为780-2526nm。当一束具有连续波长的近红外光NIR照射物质时，如果物质分子中某个基团的振动频率或者转动频率和NIR的频率一样，物质分子就会吸收对应频率NIR的能量，同时，物质分子的振动能级或者转动能级将由基态跃迁至某一激发态。根据物质分子对NIR选择性吸收的现象，可以对物质的分子结构和分子组成进行定性的分析，获得物质的成分信息，同时，物质分子对不同频率的NIR具有不同的吸收系数，结合化学计量学方法，可以通过对近红外光谱的数据建立数学模型，定量地分析物质成分的含量信息。因而，形成了近红外光谱检测技术，具有鲜明的特点，包括：对样品不接触、无损害，无需预处理、不污染环境，分析速度快、效率高、实时性好，设备简单、操作方便等，目前，在医学和药学、化学和材料科学、食品科学、环境保护、地质考古、刑侦鉴定等领域有着广泛的应用。The near-infrared spectrum is the electromagnetic radiation band between visible light and mid-infrared, with a wavelength range of 780-2526nm. When a beam of near-infrared light NIR with a continuous wavelength irradiates a substance, if the vibration frequency or rotation frequency of a certain group in the substance molecule is the same as the frequency of NIR, the substance molecule will absorb the energy of the corresponding frequency NIR, and at the same time, the substance molecule The vibrational energy level or rotational energy level will transition from the ground state to an excited state. According to the phenomenon of selective absorption of NIR by material molecules, the molecular structure and molecular composition of the material can be qualitatively analyzed, and the composition information of the material can be obtained. At the same time, the material molecules have different absorption coefficients for NIR of different frequencies, combined with chemometrics The method can quantitatively analyze the content information of material components by establishing a mathematical model for the near-infrared spectrum data. Therefore, the near-infrared spectroscopy detection technology has been formed, which has distinctive features, including: no contact with the sample, no damage, no pretreatment, no pollution to the environment, fast analysis speed, high efficiency, good real-time performance, simple equipment, convenient operation, etc. , At present, it has a wide range of applications in the fields of medicine and pharmacy, chemistry and material science, food science, environmental protection, geological archaeology, criminal investigation and identification.
近红外光谱仪是近红外光谱检测技术的运用工具，随着科学技术的不断发展和进步，近红外光谱仪已经具有较高的检测水平。近红外光谱仪的核心部分是分光系统，根据分光系统的不同原理，近红外光谱仪主要分为色散型、干涉型、滤光型三种类型。其中，色散型主要是通过使用棱镜、光栅等色散元件对近红外光束进行分光，获得不同波长的近红外光的强度信息；干涉型主要是基于迈克尔逊干涉仪原理，移动动镜调整两束红外光之间的光程差，并获取对应不同光程差的干涉光强度，通过对干涉光信号进行傅里叶变换获得近红外光谱信息；滤光型主要是通过调整滤光特性，限制近红外光束的波长范围，先后获取不同波长的近红外光强度信息，实现分光作用。三种类型近红外光谱仪的技术已经十分成熟，具有高精度、高分辨率、高信噪比等特性，但是，内部结构比较复杂，仪器设计难以小型化，同时，内部具有移动的元器件，对稳定性具有潜在的影响。Near-infrared spectrometer is the application tool of near-infrared spectrum detection technology. With the continuous development and progress of science and technology, near-infrared spectrometer has a high detection level. The core part of the near-infrared spectrometer is the spectroscopic system. According to the different principles of the spectroscopic system, the near-infrared spectrometer is mainly divided into three types: dispersion type, interference type, and filter type. Among them, the dispersion type mainly uses prisms, gratings and other dispersion elements to split the near-infrared beams to obtain the intensity information of near-infrared light of different wavelengths; the interference type is mainly based on the principle of Michelson interferometer, moving the mirror to adjust the two beams of infrared light. The optical path difference between the lights, and obtain the interference light intensity corresponding to different optical path differences, and obtain the near-infrared spectrum information by Fourier transforming the interference light signal; the filter type mainly limits the near-infrared spectrum by adjusting the filter characteristics. In the wavelength range of the light beam, the near-infrared light intensity information of different wavelengths is successively obtained to realize the spectroscopic effect. The technology of the three types of near-infrared spectrometers is very mature, with high precision, high resolution, and high signal-to-noise ratio. However, the internal structure is relatively complicated, and the instrument design is difficult to miniaturize. At the same time, there are moving components inside. Stability has potential implications.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种基于线性渐变滤光片的微型固化近红外光谱仪，本发明通过使用线性渐变滤光片LVF构成分光系统，使得近红外光谱仪具有固定的内部元器件和简单、紧凑的内部光路，实现微型固化的设计，详见下文描述：The invention provides a miniature curing near-infrared spectrometer based on a linear gradient filter. The invention uses a linear gradient filter LVF to form a spectroscopic system, so that the near-infrared spectrometer has fixed internal components and a simple and compact internal optical path , to realize the design of miniature solidification, see the following description for details:
一种基于线性渐变滤光片的微型固化近红外光谱仪，包括：光源，所述微型固化近红外光谱仪还包括：抛物面反射镜、样品池、线性渐变滤光片和阵列式探测器；A miniature curing near-infrared spectrometer based on a linear gradient filter, including: a light source, and the miniature solidification near-infrared spectrometer also includes: a parabolic reflector, a sample cell, a linear gradient filter and an array detector;
所述光源产生近红外光束，所述抛物面反射镜对所述近红外光束进行离轴反射，产生平行光束；所述样品池放置待测样品，采集透射的近红外光信号；The light source generates near-infrared light beams, and the parabolic reflector off-axis reflects the near-infrared light beams to generate parallel light beams; the sample pool is placed with samples to be tested, and the transmitted near-infrared light signals are collected;
所述线性渐变滤光片构成分光系统，通过滤光特性对所述近红外光信号进行分光；所述阵列式探测器检测入射到不同位置处的不同波长的近红外光信号。The linear gradient filter constitutes a spectroscopic system, which splits the near-infrared light signal through the filter characteristics; the array detector detects the near-infrared light signals of different wavelengths incident on different positions.
所述微型固化近红外光谱仪的采样方式为透射式。The sampling mode of the miniature curing near-infrared spectrometer is a transmission type.
另一实施例，一种基于线性渐变滤光片的微型固化近红外光谱仪，包括：光源，所述微型固化近红外光谱仪还包括：抛物面反射镜、直角三棱镜、样品池、线性渐变滤光片和阵列式探测器；In another embodiment, a miniature curing near-infrared spectrometer based on a linear gradient filter includes: a light source, and the miniature solidification near-infrared spectrometer also includes: a parabolic reflector, a rectangular prism, a sample cell, a linear gradient filter, and array detector;
所述光源产生近红外光束，所述抛物面反射镜对所述近红外光束进行离轴反射，产生平行光束；The light source generates near-infrared beams, and the parabolic reflector off-axis reflects the near-infrared beams to generate parallel beams;
所述近红外光束在所述直角三棱镜的斜边处发生一次全内反射；所述样品池放置待测样品，采集反射的近红外光信号；The near-infrared light beam undergoes a total internal reflection at the hypotenuse of the rectangular prism; the sample cell is placed with a sample to be measured, and the reflected near-infrared light signal is collected;
所述线性渐变滤光片构成分光系统，通过滤光特性对所述近红外光信号进行分光；所述阵列式探测器检测入射到不同位置处的不同波长的近红外光信号。The linear gradient filter constitutes a spectroscopic system, which splits the near-infrared light signal through the filter characteristics; the array detector detects the near-infrared light signals of different wavelengths incident on different positions.
所述微型固化近红外光谱仪的采样方式为反射式。The sampling mode of the miniature curing near-infrared spectrometer is reflective.
进一步地，所述阵列式探测器为InGaAs阵列探测器。Further, the array detector is an InGaAs array detector.
本发明提供的技术方案的有益效果是：本发明通过使用线性渐变滤光片LVF构成分光系统，实现了近红外光谱仪内部元器件的固定化和内部光路的简单化、紧凑化，具备了微型固化的特点，提高了近红外光谱仪的便携性和稳定性。该微型固化近红外光谱仪可以通过采样光路形式的变化，实现透射式和反射式两种采样方式的近红外光谱检测。The beneficial effect of the technical solution provided by the present invention is that the present invention realizes the immobilization of the internal components of the near-infrared spectrometer and the simplification and compactness of the internal optical path by using the linear gradient filter LVF to form a spectroscopic system, and has a micro-curing The characteristics improve the portability and stability of the near-infrared spectrometer. The miniature solidified near-infrared spectrometer can realize near-infrared spectrum detection in two sampling methods of transmission and reflection by changing the form of the sampling light path.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为实施例1的一种基于线性渐变滤光片的微型固化近红外光谱仪的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of miniature curing near-infrared spectrometer based on linear gradient filter of embodiment 1;
图2为实施例2的一种基于线性渐变滤光片的微型固化近红外光谱仪的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro-cured near-infrared spectrometer based on a linear gradient filter in Example 2.
附图中，各标号所代表的部件列表如下：In the accompanying drawings, the list of parts represented by each label is as follows:
1：光源； 2：抛物面反射镜；1: Light source; 2: Parabolic reflector;
3：样品池； 4：线性渐变滤光片；3: Sample cell; 4: Linear gradient filter;
5：阵列式探测器； 6：直角三棱镜。5: Array detector; 6: Right angle triangular prism.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below.
线性渐变滤光片LVF技术的出现为近红外光谱仪的微型固化设计提供了方法，本发明通过LVF本身具有的滤光特性沿某一方向渐变的特征可以实现分光作用，并且保持简单的结构、微型的尺寸和固化的设计。The emergence of the linear gradient filter LVF technology provides a method for the miniature solidification design of the near-infrared spectrometer. The present invention can realize the light-splitting effect through the feature that the filter characteristic of the LVF itself changes gradually along a certain direction, and maintains a simple structure, miniature size and solidified design.
实施例1Example 1
一种基于线性渐变滤光片的微型固化近红外光谱仪，参见图1，该微型固化近红外光谱仪采样方式为透射式，包括：光源1、抛物面反射镜2、样品池3、线性渐变滤光片LVF4、阵列式探测器5。A miniature curing near-infrared spectrometer based on a linear gradient filter, see Figure 1, the sampling method of the miniature solidification near-infrared spectrometer is transmission, including: light source 1, parabolic reflector 2, sample cell 3, linear gradient filter LVF4, array detector5.
由光源1产生近红外光束，抛物面反射镜2对近红外光束进行离轴反射，产生平行光束；The near-infrared beam is generated by the light source 1, and the parabolic reflector 2 off-axis reflects the near-infrared beam to generate a parallel beam;
样品池3放置待测样品，采集透射的近红外光信号。线性渐变滤光片LVF 4构成分光系统，通过滤光特性沿某一方向的渐变对近红外光信号进行分光。阵列式探测器5检测入射到不同位置处的不同波长的近红外光信号。The sample cell 3 places the sample to be tested, and collects transmitted near-infrared light signals. The linear gradient filter LVF 4 constitutes a spectroscopic system, which splits the near-infrared light signal through the gradient of the filter characteristic along a certain direction. The array detector 5 detects near-infrared light signals of different wavelengths incident on different positions.
下面详细描述本实施例中的微型固化近红外光谱仪的工作原理：The working principle of the miniature solidification near-infrared spectrometer in the present embodiment is described in detail below:
光源1可以使用卤素灯，产生覆盖波长范围780-2500nm的近红外光束。光源1位于抛物面反射镜2的焦点处，为了提高光源1的光利用率，抛物面反射镜2具有较短的有效焦距。光源1发出的近红外光束经过抛物面反射镜2的离轴反射，形成平行光束。样品池3处放置待测样品，为了采集样品的透射近红外光信号。线性渐变滤光片LVF 4构成分光系统，通过不同位置处的不同滤光特性对近红外光束进行分光，使得近红外光束在空间内分成具有不同波长的近红外光。The light source 1 can use a halogen lamp to generate a near-infrared beam covering a wavelength range of 780-2500nm. The light source 1 is located at the focal point of the parabolic reflector 2. In order to improve the light utilization efficiency of the light source 1, the parabolic reflector 2 has a relatively short effective focal length. The near-infrared beam emitted by the light source 1 is reflected off-axis by the parabolic reflector 2 to form a parallel beam. The sample to be tested is placed in the sample cell 3, in order to collect the transmitted near-infrared light signal of the sample. The linear gradient filter LVF 4 constitutes a spectroscopic system, which splits the near-infrared beam through different filter characteristics at different positions, so that the near-infrared beam is divided into near-infrared light with different wavelengths in space.
其中，线性渐变滤光片LVF 4主要基于法布里-珀罗干涉原理的薄膜带通滤光片的中心波长与薄膜的厚度呈线性关系，因此，通过线性地控制沿着滤光片长度方向的镀膜的厚度，形成楔形，可以使得滤光片的中心波长沿着长度方向线性地渐变，从而在滤光片长度方向上实现分光作用。Among them, the linear gradient filter LVF 4 is mainly based on the principle of Fabry-Perot interference. The central wavelength of the film bandpass filter is linearly related to the thickness of the film. Therefore, by linearly controlling the wavelength along the length of the filter The thickness of the coating film forms a wedge shape, which can make the central wavelength of the filter linearly change along the length direction, so as to realize the spectroscopic effect in the length direction of the filter.
阵列式探测器5可以使用InGaAs阵列探测器，检测入射到不同位置处的不同波长的红外光信号。The array detector 5 may use an InGaAs array detector to detect infrared light signals of different wavelengths incident on different locations.
本发明实施例对各器件的型号除做特殊说明的以外，其他器件的型号不做限制，只要能完成上述功能的器件均可。In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the models of the devices are not limited, as long as they can complete the above functions.
实施例2Example 2
一种基于线性渐变滤光片的微型固化近红外光谱仪，参见图2，该微型固化近红外光谱仪采样方式为反射式，包括：光源1、抛物面反射镜2、样品池3、线性渐变滤光片LVF4、阵列式探测器5以及直角三棱镜6。A miniature curing near-infrared spectrometer based on a linear gradient filter, see Figure 2, the sampling method of the miniature solidification near-infrared spectrometer is reflective, including: light source 1, parabolic reflector 2, sample cell 3, linear gradient filter LVF4, array detector 5 and rectangular prism 6.
由光源1产生近红外光束，抛物面反射镜2对近红外光束进行离轴反射，产生平行光束；The near-infrared beam is generated by the light source 1, and the parabolic reflector 2 off-axis reflects the near-infrared beam to generate a parallel beam;
直角三棱镜6具有高折射率，使得近红外光束在直角三棱镜6的斜边处发生一次全内反射TIR；样品池3放置待测样品，采集反射的近红外光信号。线性渐变滤光片LVF 4构成分光系统，通过滤光特性沿某一方向的渐变对近红外光信号进行分光。阵列式探测器5检测入射到不同位置处的不同波长的近红外光信号。The right-angled prism 6 has a high refractive index, so that the near-infrared light beam undergoes a total internal reflection TIR at the hypotenuse of the right-angled prism 6; the sample cell 3 places the sample to be measured, and collects the reflected near-infrared light signal. The linear gradient filter LVF 4 constitutes a spectroscopic system, which splits the near-infrared light signal through the gradient of the filter characteristic along a certain direction. The array detector 5 detects near-infrared light signals of different wavelengths incident on different positions.
下面详细描述本实施例中的微型固化近红外光谱仪的工作原理：The working principle of the miniature solidification near-infrared spectrometer in the present embodiment is described in detail below:
光源1可以使用卤素灯，产生覆盖波长范围780-2500nm的近红外光束。光源1位于抛物面反射镜2的焦点处，为了提高光源1的光利用率，抛物面反射镜2具有较短的有效焦距。光源1发出的近红外光束经过抛物面反射镜2的离轴反射，形成平行光束。The light source 1 can use a halogen lamp to generate a near-infrared beam covering a wavelength range of 780-2500nm. The light source 1 is located at the focal point of the parabolic reflector 2. In order to improve the light utilization efficiency of the light source 1, the parabolic reflector 2 has a relatively short effective focal length. The near-infrared beam emitted by the light source 1 is reflected off-axis by the parabolic reflector 2 to form a parallel beam.
直角三棱镜6具有高折射率，在直角三棱镜6与样品池3的界面处，由于棱镜的折射率远大于样品的折射率，会发生一次全内反射TIR，根据衰减全反射ATR作用，可以采集样品的反射近红外光束。经过直角三棱镜6的入射光束和出射光束均与入射面和出射面垂直。The right-angled prism 6 has a high refractive index. At the interface between the right-angled prism 6 and the sample cell 3, since the refractive index of the prism is much greater than that of the sample, a total internal reflection TIR will occur. According to the effect of attenuated total reflection ATR, the sample can be collected reflected near-infrared beams. Both the incident light beam and the outgoing light beam passing through the rectangular prism 6 are perpendicular to the incident surface and the outgoing surface.
样品池3处放置待测样品，为了采集样品的透射近红外光信号。线性渐变滤光片LVF4构成分光系统，通过不同位置处的不同滤光特性对近红外光束进行分光，使得近红外光束在空间内分成具有不同波长的近红外光。The sample to be tested is placed in the sample cell 3, in order to collect the transmitted near-infrared light signal of the sample. The linear gradient filter LVF4 constitutes a spectroscopic system, which splits the near-infrared beam through different filter characteristics at different positions, so that the near-infrared beam is divided into near-infrared light with different wavelengths in space.
阵列式探测器5可以使用InGaAs阵列探测器，检测入射到不同位置处的不同波长的红外光信号。The array detector 5 may use an InGaAs array detector to detect infrared light signals of different wavelengths incident on different positions.
本发明实施例对各器件的型号除做特殊说明的以外，其他器件的型号不做限制，只要能完成上述功能的器件均可。In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the models of the devices are not limited, as long as they can complete the above functions.
本领域技术人员可以理解附图只是一个优选实施例的示意图，上述本发明实施例序号仅仅为了描述，不代表实施例的优劣。Those skilled in the art can understand that the accompanying drawing is only a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment, and the serial numbers of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are for description only, and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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