CN104435907A - 一种用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药，其特征在于由以下重量份的物质组成：山楂20-25、辛叶10-12、赤小豆8-10、黄豆8-10、贯众10-12、麦芽15-20、钩吻10-12、何首乌8-10、黄芪8-10、酸枣仁8-10、女贞子10-12、陈皮20-25、五味子10-12、大青叶20-25、泡桐叶15-20、松针粉20-25、火麻仁8-10、硫酸亚铁5-8、硫酸铜3-5、食盐5-8、多维3-5。本发明具有健脾开胃、快速催肥的作用，增强了畜禽机体脾胃的功能，能有效增强畜禽食欲，提高饲料转化率，促进畜禽快速催肥，纯中药也减轻了化药造成的安全隐患，增加了用药的安全性。药效发挥迅速，副作用小，发挥作用时间短，使用方便。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着现代养殖业的发展，一方面由于环境应激、疫病、饲养管理水平低下、营养结构不合理、饲养技术的局限等原因很易造成畜禽食欲不佳、采食量下降、饲料转化率降低、营养不平衡等，从而使畜禽营养不良，体型瘦小、生长缓慢；另一方面因现代畜牧业的需要，为了提高养殖场的经济效益，尽可能的提高畜禽的生产速度，以提高肉蛋奶的产量。本技术旨在畜禽催肥。
中兽药基本是靠培植体内元气而抵御外因入侵引起的气血变化，能够从根本上改善体质而促进康复和组织器官的发育。而近代西医倡导解症为先，缓解表观。正所谓西药杀菌消炎治“标”，中药增强机体抗病免疫功能，是积极的治“本”。中药为天然绿色药物，不易引起受体耐药性和后遗症，无残留，保障食品安全。同时通过微生态制剂的发酵提高了其有效成分的吸收利用。
兽医常见常使用的是中药散剂和口服液等，复方发酵中药在兽药上是一种新型特殊的剂型。现代中兽药理论指出，一味中药有多达300余种有效成份，通常不能完全发挥其应有的作用，只能靠加大剂量做一些弥补，致使利用中兽药治疗疾病成本过高。另外禽类的生理特点肠道短小，内容物在3-4个小时排出体外，使吸收不彻底，吸收度只有30%左右。而发酵型中药在此时间段内几乎全部被吸收。复方发酵中药膏剂是中草药经过超声波粉碎，然后加入复合菌发酵而成，未除去中草药中蛋白、鞣质、淀粉等高效成分，而这些成分在疾病治疗过程中起着至关重要的作用。同时与微生物作用转化为机体便于吸收利用的成分，加快保健与治疗速度，提高了保健效果和疗效，改善了机体的微生态环境，提高了动物自愈和抗病能力，提高了动物饲料报酬率。由此可见，复方发酵中药在药理药效上是大大优于其它中药剂型。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足，提供用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药，由以下重量份的物质组成：山楂20-25、辛叶10-12、赤小豆8-10、黄豆8-10、贯众10-12、麦芽15-20、钩吻10-12、何首乌8-10、黄芪8-10、酸枣仁8-10、女贞子10-12、陈皮20-25、五味子10-12、大青叶20-25、泡桐叶15-20、松针粉20-25、火麻仁8-10、硫酸亚铁5-8、硫酸铜3-5、食盐5-8、多维3-5。
一种用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
步骤一，将中药各成分按重量称取，分别采用超声波粉碎进行粉碎，然后过20-80目的筛子进行初步处理；
步骤二，将步骤一处理好的各成分进行混合，然后再加入重量份为2-3的复合菌液进行混合，在35-37℃的培养基上发酵16-18小时，冷却到20-25℃后加稳定剂混合保存备用。
所述步骤二中的培养基各成分为中药各成分之和的质量百分数：麸皮20-30%、豆粕3-4%、硫酸铵1-2%、硫酸镁0.5-1%、碳酸钙1-2%及水20-30%。
所述步骤二中的稳定剂为中药各成分之和的质量百分数：防腐剂苯甲酸钠0.05-0.08％和抗氧化剂没食子酸丙酯0.008-0.01％。
所述步骤二中复合菌液的具体制备方法：a. 分别取乳酸菌、酵母菌、粪链球菌和芽孢杆菌作为菌种分别进行斜面菌种培养，将每种斜面培养产生的菌落用生理盐水洗脱后加入增菌肉汤培养液中制成悬浮液，然后再在适宜培养基内分别扩大培养，培养至对数生长期0.5×108CFU/mL至1.0×108CFU/mL时止；b. 将步骤a制得的乳酸菌液、酵母菌液、粪链球菌液和芽胞杆菌液按照2:（1-2）:1:1比例混合得到复合菌液。
本发明中药的药理作用如下：
山楂：酸甘，微温。入脾、胃、肝经。消食积，散瘀血，驱绦虫。
辛叶：苦辛，微温，有小毒。活血，散瘀，祛风解毒。
赤小豆：性平，味甘、酸，能利湿消肿、清热退黄、解毒排脓。
黄豆：味甘、性平，入脾、大肠经，能杀乌头、附子毒；具有健脾宽中，润燥消水、清热解毒、益气的功效
贯众：苦、涩，微寒。入肝、胃经。杀蛔、绦、蛲虫，清热，解毒，凉血，止血。
麦芽：性微温。归脾、胃、肝经。能消食开胃，和中，回乳。
钩吻：破积拔毒，祛瘀止痛，杀虫止痒、镇痛。
何首乌：苦甘涩，微温。入肝、肾经。养血滋阴；润肠通便；截疟；祛风；解毒。
黄芪：性味：甘，微温。归肺、脾、肝、肾经。增强机体免疫功能、保肝、利尿、抗衰老、抗应激、降压和较广泛的抗菌作用。
酸枣仁：甘，平。归经；脾经，肝经，胆经。宁心安神；养肝；敛汗。
女贞子：甘，苦，平。归肝；肾经。补益肝肾，清虚热，强腰膝，明耳目，乌须发。
陈皮：味苦、辛，性温。归肺、脾经。理气健脾，燥湿化痰。
五味子：酸、甘，温。归肺，心、肾经。敛肺，滋肾，生津，收汗，涩精。
大青叶：味苦，性寒。归肝，心，胃，脾经。清热解毒，凉血消斑。
泡桐叶：味苦；性寒。主痈疽；疔疮肿毒；创伤出血。
松针粉：苦、涩，温。入肝、肾、肺、脾经。祛风活血，明目，安神，解毒，止痒。
本发明的配方中山楂、辛叶、赤小豆为君药，三味合用，清热散瘀、健胃消食；何首乌、黄芪、酸枣仁、女贞子为佐药，五味子甘微温，大青叶、泡桐叶苦凉，清热解毒，生津止血，松针粉、陈皮、黄豆、火麻仁甘温平，理气健脾、养阴润燥，共为使药，硫酸亚铁、硫酸铜、食盐、多维共同补充机体必须营养元素。因此，全方显示出能有效促进畜禽健脾开胃、快速催肥之功效。
本发明的积极有益效果：
（1）从中兽医学角度分析，“虚邪共济”是许多疾病发病诱因，也就是中医所讲的五脏处于“虚”时病毒乘虚而入，导致邪盛正衰、抗病无力；多因外感湿热化火，导致肺气不宣、升降失常、阴阳失调。中草药能够调和阴阳，标本兼治，使机体在体质上、免疫上表里如一、阴阳平衡，从而达到“有病少发、发病少亡”的理想养殖状态。本发明将各种中药合理配伍进行科学提取使用，发挥不同作用机制的互补作用，从而起到更强的抗菌、抗病毒、提高免疫力的效果。
（2）采用微生物发酵技术，使药物的有效成分转化为易于吸收而快速发挥作用，同时采用超声波粉碎技术，使药物有效成分不被破坏，保证有效成分充足，药效增加。
（3）本发明具有健脾开胃、快速催肥的作用，增强了畜禽机体脾胃的功能，能有效增强畜禽食欲，提高饲料转化率，促进畜禽快速催肥，纯中药也减轻了化药造成的安全隐患，增加了用药的安全性。
（4）药效发挥迅速，副作用小，发挥作用时间短（5~7天），使用方便。
具体实施方式
本发明的实施例中复合菌液的具体制备方法如下：a. 分别取乳酸菌、酵母菌、粪链球菌和芽孢杆菌作为菌种分别进行斜面菌种培养，将每种斜面培养产生的菌落用生理盐水洗脱后加入增菌肉汤培养液中制成悬浮液，然后再在适宜培养基内分别扩大培养，培养至对数生长期0.5×108CFU/mL至1.0×108CFU/mL时止；b. 将步骤a制得的乳酸菌液、酵母菌液、粪链球菌液和芽胞杆菌液按照2:（1-2）:1:1比例混合得到复合菌液。
实施例1
一种用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药，由以下重量份的物质组成：山楂20-25、辛叶10-12、赤小豆8-10、黄豆8-10、贯众10-12、麦芽15-20、钩吻10-12、何首乌8-10、黄芪8-10、酸枣仁8-10、女贞子10-12、陈皮20-25、五味子10-12、大青叶20-25、泡桐叶15-20、松针粉20-25、火麻仁8-10、硫酸亚铁5-8、硫酸铜3-5、食盐5-8、多维3-5。
一种用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
步骤一，将中药各成分按重量称取，分别采用超声波粉碎进行粉碎，然后过20-80目的筛子进行初步处理；
步骤二，将步骤一处理好的各成分进行混合，然后再加入重量份为2-3的复合菌液进行混合，在35-37℃的培养基上发酵16-18小时，冷却到20-25℃后加稳定剂混合保存备用。
所述步骤二中的培养基各成分为中药各成分之和的质量百分数：麸皮20-30%、豆粕3-4%、硫酸铵1-2%、硫酸镁0.5-1%、碳酸钙1-2%及水20-30%。
所述步骤二中的稳定剂为中药各成分之和的质量百分数：防腐剂苯甲酸钠0.05-0.08％和抗氧化剂没食子酸丙酯0.008-0.01％。
所述步骤二中复合菌液的具体制备方法：a. 分别取乳酸菌、酵母菌、粪链球菌和芽孢杆菌作为菌种分别进行斜面菌种培养，将每种斜面培养产生的菌落用生理盐水洗脱后加入增菌肉汤培养液中制成悬浮液，然后再在适宜培养基内分别扩大培养，培养至对数生长期0.5×108CFU/mL至1.0×108CFU/mL时止；b. 将步骤a制得的乳酸菌液、酵母菌液、粪链球菌液和芽胞杆菌液按照2:（1-2）:1:1比例混合得到复合菌液。
实施例2
一种用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药，由以下重量份的物质组成：山楂20g、辛叶10g、赤小豆10g、黄豆10g、贯10众g、麦芽20g、钩吻10g、何首乌10g、黄芪10g、酸枣仁10g、女贞子10g、陈皮20g、五味子10g、大青叶20g、泡桐叶20g、松针粉20g、火麻仁10g、硫酸亚铁5g、硫酸铜5g、 食盐5g、多维5g。
一种用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
步骤一，将中药各成分按重量称取，分别采用超声波粉碎进行粉碎，然后过20目，再过80目的筛子进行初步处理；
步骤二，将步骤一处理好的各成分进行混合，然后再加入重量份为2-3的复合菌液进行混合，在35℃的培养基上发酵18小时，冷却到25℃后加稳定剂混合保存备用。
所述步骤二中的培养基各成分为中药各成分之和的质量百分数：麸皮65g、豆粕8g、硫酸铵5g、硫酸镁3g、碳酸钙5g及水53g。
所述步骤二中的稳定剂为中药各成分之和的质量百分数：防腐剂苯甲酸钠0.3 g和抗氧化剂没食子酸丙酯0.04g。
所述步骤二中的复合菌为复合乳酸菌、酵母菌、粪链球菌、复合芽胞杆菌的质量分别为1 g、0.5 g、0.5 g、0.5 g。
实施例3
一种用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药，由以下重量份的物质组成：山楂25g、辛叶11g、赤小豆9g、黄豆10g、贯11众g、麦芽18g、钩吻8g、何首乌9g、黄芪11g、酸枣仁9g、女贞子10g、陈皮23g、五味子10g、大青叶24g、泡桐叶18g、松针粉25g、火麻仁10g、硫酸亚铁7g、硫酸铜4g、 食盐8g、多维5g。
一种用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
步骤一，将中药各成分按重量称取，分别采用超声波粉碎进行粉碎，然后过80目的筛子进行初步处理；
步骤二，将步骤一处理好的各成分进行混合，然后再加入重量为2g的复合菌液进行混合，在37℃的培养基上发酵17小时，冷却到22℃后加稳定剂混合保存备用。
所述步骤二中的培养基各成分为中药各成分之和的质量百分数：麸皮72g、豆粕8g、硫酸铵3g、硫酸镁1g、碳酸钙5g及水53g。
所述步骤二中的稳定剂为中药各成分之和的质量百分数：防腐剂苯甲酸钠0.24 g和抗氧化剂没食子酸丙酯0.04g。
所述步骤二中的复合菌为复合乳酸菌、酵母菌、粪链球菌、复合芽胞杆菌的质量分别为1g、0.5g、0.5 g、0.5g。
实施例4
一种用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药，由以下重量份的物质组成：山楂21g、辛叶12g、赤小豆8g、黄豆9g、贯10众g、麦芽18g、钩吻9g、何首乌8g、黄芪15g、酸枣仁8g、女贞子11g、陈皮25g、五味子11g、大青叶22g、泡桐叶20g、松针粉23g、火麻仁9g、硫酸亚铁5g、硫酸铜5g、 食盐7g、多维5g。
一种用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
步骤一，将中药各成分按重量称取，分别采用超声波粉碎进行粉碎，然后过20目，再过80目的筛子进行初步处理；
步骤二，将步骤一处理好的各成分进行混合，然后再加入重量为3g的复合菌液进行混合，在37℃的培养基上发酵18小时，冷却到24℃后加稳定剂混合保存备用。
所述步骤二中的培养基各成分为中药各成分之和的质量百分数：麸皮68g、豆粕10g、硫酸铵5g、硫酸镁2g、碳酸钙3g及水73g。
所述步骤二中的稳定剂为中药各成分之和的质量百分数：防腐剂苯甲酸钠0.34 g和抗氧化剂没食子酸丙酯0.03g。
所述步骤二中的复合菌为复合乳酸菌、酵母菌、粪链球菌、复合芽胞杆菌的质量分别为1.2g、0.9 g、0.45 g、0.45 g。
实施例5
一种用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药，由以下重量份的物质组成：山楂20g、辛叶11g、赤小豆10g、黄豆8g、贯12众g、麦芽19g、钩吻8g、何首乌9g、黄芪10g、酸枣仁10g、女贞子12g、陈皮23g、五味子10g、大青叶21g、泡桐叶17g、松针粉25g、火麻仁8g、硫酸亚铁5g、硫酸铜5g、 食盐6g、多维3g。
一种用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
步骤一，将中药各成分按重量称取，分别采用超声波粉碎进行粉碎，然后过80目筛进行初步处理；
步骤二，将步骤一处理好的各成分进行混合，然后再加入重量为2g的复合菌液进行混合，在36℃的培养基上发酵16小时，冷却到25℃后加稳定剂混合保存备用。
所述步骤二中的培养基各成分为中药各成分之和的质量百分数：麸皮50g、豆粕8g、硫酸铵3g、硫酸镁3g、碳酸钙5g及水66g。
所述步骤二中的稳定剂为中药各成分之和的质量百分数：防腐剂苯甲酸钠0.19 g和抗氧化剂没食子酸丙酯0.04g。
所述步骤二中的复合菌为复合乳酸菌、酵母菌、粪链球菌、复合芽胞杆菌的质量分别为1g、0.4g、0.3g、0.3g。
实施例6
一种用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药，由以下重量份的物质组成：山楂24g、辛叶12g、赤小豆10g、黄豆9g、贯11众g、麦芽15g、钩吻10g、何首乌10g、黄芪14g、酸枣仁10g、女贞子10g、陈皮24g、五味子10g、大青叶25g、泡桐叶20g、松针粉20g、火麻仁9g、硫酸亚铁7g、硫酸铜3g、 食盐5g、多维5g。
一种用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
步骤一，将中药各成分按重量称取，分别采用超声波粉碎进行粉碎，然后过20目，再过80目的筛子进行初步处理；
步骤二，将步骤一处理好的各成分进行混合，然后再加入重量为2g的复合菌液进行混合，在36℃的培养基上发酵16小时，冷却到25℃后加稳定剂混合保存备用。
所述步骤二中的培养基各成分为中药各成分之和的质量百分数：麸皮53g、豆粕8g、硫酸铵5g、硫酸镁2g、碳酸钙3g及水66g。
所述步骤二中的稳定剂为中药各成分之和的质量百分数：防腐剂苯甲酸钠0.0.24 g和抗氧化剂没食子酸丙酯0.04g。
所述步骤二中的复合菌为复合乳酸菌、酵母菌、粪链球菌、复合芽胞杆菌的质量分别为1g、0.4g、0.3g、0.3g。
本中草药据临床试验证明
本中草药经超声波粉碎和细胞壁破壁技术，再进行微生态发酵，直接拌料使用。据3000只肉鸡临床试验证明，自投药后观察，鸡群采食量提高，保持肉鸡肠道稳定酸性环境，使肠道保持低PH值、抑制肠道有害菌增殖，为有益菌提供营养、提高肉鸡免疫力和抗应激能力，提高了饲料转化率、快速修复受损器官、改善肉鸡健康，降低死淘率、提高肉鸡生长性能和经济效益
2、药物吸收充分，发挥作用持续时间长，药效持久。
经比较：正常中草药在消化系统停留2-6小时，而经该技术处理后，在禽类消化系统的有效时间为8-12小时，大大延长了肠道内的停留时间，吸收利用率显著增加，经比较，普通中药（40-60目）在肠道内随粪便排出后能检测到大量的中药原型，而本实验品在经粪便排出后，几乎检不出。同时MIC也明显不一，本实验品比普通中药高95%。
3、机体非特异性免疫力增强，体重明显增加了19.56%，饲料转化率提高了26.31%，抗病力增强，保护率提高了10.79%。
中药组合物临床疗效的典型病例：
本典型病例使用的具体配方和制备方法如实施例2所示，按饲料0.5-1%的比例添加于饲料中。
实例一：河南焦作某养殖场约3000只0日龄雏鸡，应用本发明制备的复方发酵中药组合物进行0.5%饲料添加使用48天，与普通中药制剂同样添加量相比，饲喂发酵中药鸡群采食量明显提高，肉鸡免疫力和抗应激能力得到了明显提高，提高了鸡的生长整齐度、明显改善了肉鸡健康，降低死淘率、提高肉鸡生产性能和经济效益，提高雏鸡成活率，改善肉鸡羽毛光泽亮度，鸡冠发红，鸡爪发黄明亮，治疗营养缺乏引起的啄羽啄肛，加速肉鸡生长，缩短存栏期，肉鸡胴体丰满，肉质鲜亮，出栏提前5-8天。
实例二：河南济源某猪场500头，从21日龄开始应用本发明制备的复方发酵中药组合物，采用0.5%拌料给药的方式给药，连用至出栏，对猪舍及周围环境进行严格消毒。与普通中药制剂同样添加量相比，日增重明显提高15%-20%。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药，其特征在于由以下重量份的物质组成：山楂20-25、辛叶10-12、赤小豆8-10、黄豆8-10、贯众10-12、麦芽15-20、钩吻10-12、何首乌8-10、黄芪8-10、酸枣仁8-10、女贞子10-12、陈皮20-25、五味子10-12、大青叶20-25、泡桐叶15-20、松针粉20-25、火麻仁8-10、硫酸亚铁5-8、硫酸铜3-5、食盐5-8、多维3-5。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
步骤一，将中药各成分按重量称取，分别采用超声波粉碎进行粉碎，然后过20-80目的筛子进行初步处理；
步骤二，将步骤一处理好的各成分进行混合，然后再加入重量份为2-3的复合菌液进行混合，在35-37℃的培养基上发酵16-18小时，冷却到20-25℃后加稳定剂混合保存备用。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤二中的培养基各成分为中药各成分之和的质量百分数：麸皮20-30%、豆粕3-4%、硫酸铵1-2%、硫酸镁0.5-1%、碳酸钙1-2%及水20-30%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤二中的稳定剂为中药各成分之和的质量百分数：防腐剂苯甲酸钠0.05-0.08％和抗氧化剂没食子酸丙酯0.008-0.01％。
5.根据权利要求2所述的用于畜禽催肥的复方发酵型中药的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤二中复合菌液的具体制备方法：a. 分别取乳酸菌、酵母菌、粪链球菌和芽孢杆菌作为菌种分别进行斜面菌种培养，将每种斜面培养产生的菌落用生理盐水洗脱后加入增菌肉汤培养液中制成悬浮液，然后再在适宜培养基内分别扩大培养，培养至对数生长期0.5×108CFU/mL至1.0×108CFU/mL时止；b. 将步骤a制得的乳酸菌液、酵母菌液、粪链球菌液和芽胞杆菌液按照2:（1-2）:1:1比例混合得到复合菌液。
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