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CN1044201C - 热交换器元件 - Google Patents

热交换器元件 Download PDF

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CN1044201C
CN1044201C CN95192018A CN95192018A CN1044201C CN 1044201 C CN1044201 C CN 1044201C CN 95192018 A CN95192018 A CN 95192018A CN 95192018 A CN95192018 A CN 95192018A CN 1044201 C CN1044201 C CN 1044201C
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bag
heat exchanger
corrugated plating
exchanger element
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CN1143329A (zh
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T·科特林
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Kiouane Co Ltd
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Shippax Ltd Oy
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/22—Evaporating by bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D3/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • F28F3/027—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements with openings, e.g. louvered corrugated fins; Assemblies of corrugated strips
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/163—Heat exchange including a means to form fluid film on heat transfer surface, e.g. trickle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/183—Indirect-contact evaporator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/184—Indirect-contact condenser
    • Y10S165/185—Indirect-contact condenser having stacked plates forming flow channel therebetween

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种热交换器元件(10)，它包括一个由塑料片(11)那样的柔顺材料制成的袋。袋的下部止于一个冷凝接收器(13)，冷凝接收器配有排放管(14)以排放冷凝物。袋的上部有将蒸汽导入袋内和将待汽化液体分布到袋的外表面上的装置。其特征在于，在袋的内部，竖直安装一个带孔的波纹板(12)，选择板的宽度(L)，使得袋能适当紧密地包绕此波纹板。波纹板(12)的长度(P)与袋的长度的大部分相当。贴着袋的外表面水平安装一带孔波纹板(12′)，板的长度(P′)大致上与袋宽相当。

Description

热交换器元件
本发明涉及一种用于膜片式热交换器的热交换器元件以及在此元件基础上制成的膜片式热交换器。
依此说明书所提及的膜片式热交换器特别适用于下述的热交换情况，即蒸汽成份冷凝为液体发生于热交换表面的一侧，而液体成份汽化为蒸汽则发生于此热交换表面的另一侧。这种类型的热交换器可用于诸如热压机汽化器和以直接蒸汽为能源的一般的汽化器设备。
上述膜片式热交换器特别适用于膜片式汽化器或按热压机原理运行的膜片式蒸馏装置。此种蒸馏装置的热交换器单元是由塑料片那样的薄片材料制成的扁平袋状元件彼此相靠放置所形成。热量从元件内部凝结的蒸汽通过上述薄片传递到落于元件外表面上的汽化液体中。导入上述元件中并在冷凝时放热的蒸汽是在元件之外产生的，并在引入元件之前通过压缩机提高其温度和压力。
使用膜片式蒸馏装置的目的是获得所需质量的蒸馏产品，例如，从海水得到淡水，工业废水在循环使用或排放之前的净化。另一个目的是可以从各种各样的溶液或悬胶液中蒸发出多余的溶剂以得到所需的浓度。
专利文献FI79948号和FI86961号描述了一种适用于膜片式蒸馏装置的热交换器，它的热交换表面为薄塑料片。这里塑料片彼此相邻排列形成竖直的袋式结构。将待汽化的液体由顶部引入，沿上述袋的外表面下落，在此外表面上，有部分液体汽化。通过压缩机将汽化蒸汽的压强提高以及相应地将其冷凝温度加以提高，此后再将其引入袋结构中。在袋中此蒸汽冷凝，所获得的蒸馏物或冷凝物由袋的底部放出。在袋结构内部通过点焊将薄片焊在一起或以不连续的曲折的缝焊接薄片从而造成一些沟槽。上述专利文献86961的解决办法是在所述袋的顶部配备一种具有蜂窝结构的尾板条，从该处将待汽化的液体引入到袋结构的外表面上。此尾板条也含有通道，穿过这些通道将进入袋结构的蒸汽引入。
然而，上面所提到的热交换器包含着一些有危险的部位。塑料片可能会在焊点或接缝处断开，因为焊接改变了这些部位的塑料材料的结构。由于蒸汽的形成，在使用过程中袋发生颤动，并且二相邻袋的塑料片经常会在相当大的范围内粘在一起。当各袋彼此松开时，它们容易在另外的部位粘上。这种连续式的颤动以及粘连会导致塑料片断裂，尤其是由于粘连而使相当大的热交换表面持续不能发挥作用，从而降低了此装置的效率。另外，由于从顶部进入的液体流往往会结合在一起，使部分热交换表面是干的，所以在袋的外表面上待汽化液体的分布就不再均匀，再者，结合在一起的液体流流动过快以致不能达到最大限度的汽化。这种液体分布的不均匀导致效率降低。
由于上述原因，相对于热交换表面面积的热传导是颇低的，因为大约有40～50％的热交换表面持续的不能发挥作用。为了确保一定的传热效率就必须构造非常大的热交换表面，而这常常使得设备过于庞大和过于昂贵。
本发明的目的在于排除上述问题，得到一种没有所述缺陷的，改进的热交换器元件。
本发明涉及一种热交换器元件，它包括一个由塑料片那样的柔顺材料制成的袋。袋的下部止于一个冷凝接收器，该接收器具有排放管以排放冷凝物。袋的上部有将蒸汽导入袋内和将待汽化的液体分布到袋的外表面上的装置。根据本发明将一带有孔的波纹板竖直安装于袋内，选择板的宽度以使袋能适当紧密地包绕波纹板，并选择其长度使之相当于大部分袋长。另外，将一带孔的波纹板沿水平方向贴着袋的外表面安装，其长度大体上与袋的宽度相当。
本发明还涉及以上述热交换器元件为基础构制成的膜片式热交换器，其中各个热交换元件相邻安装以使得第一个元件的袋状部分可与另一个元件的水平放置的带孔波纹板相接触。从而形成在每一袋状部分之间有一位于水平方向的带孔波纹板的结构。
本发明使获得一种很坚固、耐久，且在其中各袋不会移动的热交换器成为可能。这一特点以及不使用缝焊可以大大减少塑料片损坏的风险。这些袋不会再粘在一起，从而在袋的表面上待汽化的液化的分布也会变得均匀。由于这些原因，原有的热交换表面就能得到更加有效的利用，这就是说，可用远比传统的膜片式热交换器要小的热交换表面来获得一定的传热效率。由于上述事实以及此热交换器元件的紧凑的结构就能显著地减少所需占有的空间。
以下参照附图来描述本发明，附图中：
图1表示依据本发明的一个热交换器元件的结构透视图；
图2表示图1中热交换器元件的波纹板的详图；
图3表示图1中热交换器元件的波纹板的另一详图；
图4表示相邻放置的两个热交换器元件的侧视截面图。
图1表示一个竖直放置的热交换器元件10，它包括一个由塑料片11制成的袋。一波纹板12竖直安装于上述袋内。来自分配装置(此分配装置未在图中示出)的蒸汽从顶部沿波纹板两侧面向下流入袋内，如箭头所示。蒸汽在袋内向下通过时冷凝，袋的下部有一个冷凝接收器13，此接收器配有排放管14以排放冷凝物，冷凝物可以是一种或多种。波纹板的宽度L选择成可使这个袋能适当紧密地包绕它，使塑料片保持于适当的位置。波纹板12的长度与袋的大部分长度相当，但最好终止到稍高于底部处以便形成一个与袋形状一致的冷凝接收器13。如图2所示，此波纹板12设有一些孔15。但是，重要的是不要让这些孔扩展到波纹的顶部，也不要扩展到底部，因为挤压着塑料片的这些区域会造成塑料片的损坏。由于孔15，所以蒸汽能沿袋的宽度方向均匀分布。波纹板12的宽度L与其高度K相比是很大的，为的是得到一个就热传导而言是适当扁平的袋。另外，很小的波纹板高度会造成狭窄的流动通道以及高的流动阻力。实际上，波纹板高度在5～10毫米之间可能在大多数使用中都是合适的。波纹是比较尖的以使其外形形成一大约90°的角(见图3)。波纹板可用一种具有适当刚度的塑料或由铝材来制做，但也可使用其他材料。
贴着此塑料袋的外表面装有一水平放置的多孔波纹板12＇，其长度P＇大体上与袋的宽度相当。波纹板12＇的波纹高度，波纹外形以及波纹板12＇的制造材料可与上面描述的波纹板12的相同，也可不相同。
图4表示二相邻热交换器元件的侧视截面图。待汽化的液体从一槽20沿塑料袋薄片11的外表面流下。在流动过程中，由于蒸汽压力的作用，袋的表面稍稍凸向水平放置的波纹板12＇。下流的液体在波纹板和上述薄片所形成的窝坑17处聚集，直至充满窝坑，此后，液体通过孔15(在此图中，波纹板12＇的孔看不见)溢出，如箭头所示。于是在每一波纹的顶部和底部液体重新分布，从而沿袋宽方向上得到一非常均匀的液体分布。产生的蒸汽可自由地横向放出。若此热交换器元件10是一热压机汽化器的热交换器的一部分，则放出的蒸汽接着被引入压缩机，在其中将蒸汽的压强提高以及相应地将其温度提高。接着再把来自压缩机的蒸汽引入前述袋内。
在热交换器中，各热交换元件10是相邻安装以便第一元件的袋状部分能与水平放置的另一个元件的多孔波纹板接触。于是就形成了一种紧凑的结构，其中水平放置的一多孔波纹板位于每一袋状部分之间。
波纹板12＇的波纹不需要严格水平。波纹走向可以稍稍倾斜，这样，波纹的顶部可从袋的边缘处往袋中心向下倾斜。
显然，本领域的技术人员是可以在后附权利要求书的范围内对本发明的种种实施例加以变动。

Claims (6)

1．一种热交换器元件(10)，它包括：
一个由塑料片(11)那样的柔顺材料制成的袋，其下部终止于一冷凝接收器(13)，此冷凝接收器配有排放管(14)以排放冷凝物，袋的上部有将蒸汽导入袋内和将待汽化液体分布到袋的外表面上的装置，其特征在于：
一个带孔波纹板(12)竖直安装于袋内，选择板的宽度(L)使得袋能适当紧密地包绕此波纹板，选择其长度(P)与袋的大部分长度相当；以及
一个带孔波纹板(12＇)贴着此袋的外表面水平安装，其长度(P＇)大体上与袋的宽度相当。
2．如权利要求1所述的热交换器元件，其特征在于：波纹板(12)的宽度(L)与波纹高度(K)相比是大的。
3．如权利要求1或2所述的热交换器元件，其特征在于：波纹板上的孔(15)只处于波纹的顶部与底部之间的区域内。
4．如权利要求1或2所述的热交换器元件，其特征在于：波纹的轮廓形成一个90°的角，波纹的顶部和底部是圆形的。
5．如权利要求1或2所述的热交换器元件，其特征在于：波纹板是用具有适当刚度的塑料、铝材或类似材料制成的。
6．一种热交换器，它包括相邻接的热交换器元件，每一热交换器元件(10)包括：
一个由塑料片(11)那样的柔顺材料制成的袋，其下部终止于一个冷凝接收器(13)，冷凝接收器配有排放管(14)以排放冷凝物，袋的上部有将蒸汽导入袋内和将待汽化液体分布到袋的外表面上的装置，其特征在于：
一个带孔的波纹板(12)竖直安装于袋内，选择板的宽度(L)使得袋能适当紧密地包绕此波纹板，并选择其长度(P)与袋的大部分长度相当；以及
一个多孔波纹板(12＇)贴着此袋的外表面水平安装，其长度(P＇)大体上与袋的宽度相当；以及
各热交换器元件彼此相邻接安装，以便第一个元件的袋状部分能与另一个元件的水平放置的带孔波纹板相接触，从而形成在每一袋状部分之间有一水平放置的带孔的波纹板的结构。
CN95192018A 1994-03-09 1995-02-06 热交换器元件 Expired - Fee Related CN1044201C (zh)

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JP5885990B2 (ja) * 2011-10-13 2016-03-16 三菱重工業株式会社 多段圧復水器及びこれを備えるタービンプラント
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JP5936562B2 (ja) 2013-02-13 2016-06-22 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 復水器、これを備えている多段圧復水器、復水器に用いる再熱モジュール
CN104110973A (zh) * 2014-07-16 2014-10-22 袁野 基于瓦楞和平板的蒸发冷却芯体及其制作方法
FR3032521B1 (fr) * 2015-02-06 2017-02-17 Air Liquide Echangeur de chaleur comprenant un dispositif de distribution de liquide frigorigene
US20170081841A1 (en) * 2015-09-22 2017-03-23 Huu Dang Le Radiant Barrier Ventilation System

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EP0749342A1 (en) 1996-12-27
ES2141334T3 (es) 2000-03-16
JPH09511322A (ja) 1997-11-11
RU2133936C1 (ru) 1999-07-27
BR9507020A (pt) 1997-09-09
FI93773B (fi) 1995-02-15
FI93773C (fi) 1995-05-26
US5671804A (en) 1997-09-30
AU684605B2 (en) 1997-12-18
DE69514335T2 (de) 2000-06-21
WO1995024251A1 (en) 1995-09-14
EP0749342B1 (en) 2000-01-05
AU1579395A (en) 1995-09-25
FI941100A0 (fi) 1994-03-09
PT749342E (pt) 2000-04-28
CN1143329A (zh) 1997-02-19
CA2183656A1 (en) 1995-09-14
DE69514335D1 (de) 2000-02-10
GR3032713T3 (en) 2000-06-30

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