CN104405818A - Adjustable damper - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an adjustable shock absorber, which comprises a shock absorbing spring and a damper assembly. The damper assembly includes a damping cylinder and a piston assembly. Damping force adjustment device, the damping force adjustment device is provided with a damping force adjustment end exposed outside the shock absorber; the present invention adopts a structure that can adjust the damping force outside, and the damping can be adjusted according to different road conditions and other environmental needs during use. Force, a key performance parameter, has the effect of dynamic application, which effectively improves the comfort and reliability of the vehicle, improves the adaptability of the vehicle to different road conditions, and satisfies the driving habits of different drivers and passengers.

Description

adjustable shock absorber

technical field

The invention relates to a motor vehicle component, in particular to an adjustable shock absorber. the

Background technique

Shock absorber is a necessary part of a motor vehicle. The structure affects the handling and comfort of the vehicle. Whether the performance is stable or not is directly related to the safety, reliability, comfort and handling of the vehicle. Existing shock absorbers generally adopt a fixed structure and fixed performance parameters, including shock absorber spring preload, restoration damping force, compression damping force and other key performance parameters of the front shock absorption performance are all fixed values, which are different for the whole vehicle. The adaptability of road conditions is relatively narrow, and it cannot meet the different needs of different road conditions, and the adaptability is poor. Especially for light vehicles such as motorcycles, the scope of application is relatively wide. Only using a standardized shock absorber structure will cause motorcycles using uniform standard shock absorbers to be unable to adapt to different use environments, resulting in comfort and reliability. Sex does not coordinate well. the

Therefore, a shock absorber is designed, which can adjust the key performance parameter of damping force according to the needs of different road conditions and other use environments during use, which has the effect of dynamic application and effectively improves the comfort and reliability of the vehicle. The adaptability of the whole vehicle to different road conditions meets the driving habits of different drivers and passengers. the

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the present invention provides an adjustable shock absorber, which can adjust the key performance parameter of damping force according to different road conditions and other environmental requirements during use, and has the effect of dynamic application, making the vehicle comfortable and reliable The performance is effectively improved, the adaptability of the vehicle to different road conditions is improved, and the driving habits of different drivers and passengers are satisfied. the

The adjustable shock absorber of the present invention comprises a shock absorbing spring and a damper assembly, the damper assembly includes a damper cylinder and a piston assembly, and the damper assembly is provided with a damping force adjusted by adjusting the size of the damping cavity of the damper assembly The damping force adjustment device is provided with a damping force adjustment end exposed outside the shock absorber; the damping force adjustment device can be adjusted by adjusting the pipeline output or direct valve adjustment, and the end for adjustment needs to be exposed on the The shock absorber is convenient for adjustment according to different driving conditions, and the adjustment scale can be set to serve as a reference for adjustment. the

Further, the damping force adjustment device includes an adjustment screw and an adjustment cavity, the adjustment cavity is connected to the damping cavity through an adjustment channel, the adjustment screw drives a conical valve core to adjust the flow area of the adjustment channel, and the adjustment screw drives the cone The shaped spool opens, closes or the adjustable part opens the adjustment channel, and changes the size of the adjustment chamber and the size of the flow area during the adjustment process. Not only the adjustment sensitivity is high, but also has linear characteristics, ensuring the performance of the shock absorber; As shown in the figure, the conical spool and the adjusting screw are integrally formed. The adjusting chamber is formed between the front end of the ring-shaped protrusion on the adjusting screw and the bottom cylinder of the shock absorber. The conical spool is located at the front end of the adjusting screw and on the shock absorber. In the adjustment channel formed on the bottom cylinder. the

Further, the damping cylinder is connected to the bottom cylinder of the shock absorber through an oil-through bolt, the adjustment screw is installed on the bottom cylinder of the shock absorber and the adjustment cavity is formed on the adjustment screw and the bottom cylinder of the shock absorber for installing the adjustment screw Between the bottoms of the mounting holes, the adjustment channel communicates with the damping chamber through the oil channel of the oil-passing bolt; The circle is provided with an annular groove connected with the oil hole; the oil bolt is threadedly connected to the bottom of the damping tube and the bottom tube of the shock absorber is fixed to the bottom of the tube, and the bottom of the damping tube is provided with a through hole and connected to the bottom of the tube The threaded hole matched with the oil bolt, the oil hole of the oil bolt is connected to the damping cylinder, and the annular groove is connected to the adjustment channel to form a complete circulation channel of the damping medium; the structure is simple and easy to adjust, plus the The oil hole and annular groove make the entire adjustment channel longer and have better throttling and damping effects, making the damper adjustment slower and wider in range, suitable for a wider driving environment. the

Further, the thread of the adjustment screw is formed on the ring-shaped protrusion on the outer circle of the adjustment screw, and the thread on the shock absorber bottom cylinder is fitted with a limiter for limiting the ring-shaped protrusion outward. As shown in the figure, the limiter The position piece is overlaid on the adjusting screw and screwed into the threaded hole provided on the bottom cylinder of the shock absorber. The annular protrusion of the adjusting screw is also threaded and located inside the threaded hole. The front end of the annular protrusion and the bottom of the shock absorber An adjustment chamber is formed between the bottoms of the threaded holes on the barrel, and the adjustment channel is located at the bottom of the holes; the setting of the limit piece can ensure that the adjustment range is limited, and the adjustment range can be adjusted twice, which is simple and convenient to use. the

Further, the piston assembly includes a piston and a piston rod. The shock absorbing spring can be placed on the piston rod, or can be placed on the piston rod and the damping cylinder, which will not be described in detail here; Axial limit on the rod; the guide sleeve is generally made of softer materials than the spring, such as plastic or rubber, so as to avoid the impact of abnormal noise caused by bending and friction of the piston rod during the working process of the spring, which will affect the performance or cause wear of the piston rod and spring, so that the whole work The process is smoother; the axial limit method can adopt the existing structure of the stoppers at both ends, etc., which will not be repeated here. the

Further, a hydraulic buffer is set on the piston rod at least axially outwardly, and the position of the hydraulic buffer prevents the piston of the piston assembly from rigidly touching the bottom at the end of the stroke, and the hydraulic buffer is axially limited on the piston rod; the working stroke The end refers to the final stroke of the piston at the lowest end of the damping cylinder and the compression of the spring. A hydraulic damping buffer structure is designed at the end of the working stroke, which can gradually increase the compression damping force, and will not appear hard bottoming when ensuring the limit of the working stroke and other adverse conditions, ensuring comfort, and the working process is safer, more stable and more reliable. the

Further, the inner cylinder of the shock absorber is fixedly connected to the bottom cylinder of the shock absorber and is axially slidably fitted with the outer cylinder, and the upper end of the shock absorber spring bears against the outer cylinder or is at least axially fixed outwardly with the outer cylinder. Seat, the piston rod of the piston assembly is matched with the outer cylinder of the shock absorber in an adjustable axial position, and the outer end surface of the piston rod is exposed to the shock absorber for adjusting the axial position of the piston rod relative to the outer cylinder; As shown in the figure, the outer end surface of the piston rod is provided with a straight groove for the driver to rotate, and the purpose of adjusting the damping force can be achieved by directly driving the screwdriver. the

Further, the damping spring is provided with an adjusting nut for adjusting its pretightening force, and the adjusting nut is threadedly matched with the piston rod or the axially fixed threaded sleeve on the piston rod and bears against the outer cylinder or the end fixed to the outer cylinder downwards. Parts; through the adjusting nut, the spring preload of the shock absorber can be adjusted at any time according to the demand, and the scale can be set, and the adjustment is standardized. the

Further, the shock absorber bottom cylinder is a forging and is integrally formed with a hollowed-out disc brake mounting bracket, which is detachably connected with a fender bracket, and the hollowed-out disc brake mounting bracket is used outside, the strength can be guaranteed, and the appearance Novelty, reduced material usage, lightened unsprung mass, good effect in terms of commercial appearance, stable and reliable performance structure, cost and comfortable handling of the whole vehicle; the mudguard mounting bracket at the bottom tube is connected with the bottom tube by bolts The method can be replaced and adjusted at any time according to the shape of the mudguard, and the product interchangeability is higher. the

Further, the bottom cylinder of the shock absorber is a forging, and the bottom cylinder of the shock absorber is connected with the inner cylinder by threads; generally, anaerobic glue is applied to the threads to prevent loosening of rotation, and locking screws are designed to further prevent the rotation of the inner cylinder. The combination is loose to ensure the stability and reliability of this assembly. the

Beneficial effects of the present invention: the adjustable shock absorber of the present invention adopts a structure in which the damping force can be adjusted externally, and the key performance parameter of the damping force can be adjusted according to different road conditions and other environmental requirements during use, and has dynamic applications. The effect can effectively improve the comfort and reliability of the vehicle, improve the adaptability of the vehicle to different road conditions, and meet the driving habits of different drivers and passengers. the

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. the

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a view along direction A of Fig. 1;

Figure 3 is an enlarged view of Figure 1B;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of Fig. 1C. the

Detailed ways

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a view along the direction A of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of Fig. 1B, and Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of Fig. 1C, as shown in the figure: the adjustable shock absorber of this embodiment The damper comprises a shock absorbing spring 15 and a damper assembly, the damper assembly includes a damper cylinder 14 and a piston assembly, and the damper assembly is provided with a damping force adjusting device that adjusts the damping force by adjusting the size of the damping cavity of the damper assembly , the damping force adjustment device is provided with a damping force adjustment end exposed outside the shock absorber; the damping force adjustment device can be adjusted by adjusting the pipeline output or direct valve adjustment, and the end for adjustment needs to be exposed to the shock absorber to It is convenient to adjust according to different driving conditions, and the adjustment scale can be set to have a reference function for adjustment; the shock absorber includes an inner cylinder 13, an outer cylinder 1 and a shock absorber bottom cylinder 11, which belong to the existing structure, and here No longer. the

In this embodiment, the damping force adjusting device includes an adjusting screw 17 and an adjusting cavity 20, the adjusting cavity 20 communicates with the damping cavity 20 through an adjusting channel 22, and the adjusting screw 17 drives a conical spool 19 to adjust For the flow area of the channel 22, use the adjusting screw 17 to drive the conical valve core 19 to open, close or adjust the part to open the adjustment channel 22. During the adjustment process, the size of the adjustment cavity and the size of the flow area are changed, not only the adjustment sensitivity is higher , also has a linear feature to ensure the performance of the shock absorber; as shown in the figure, the conical valve core 19 is integrally formed with the adjustment screw 17, and the adjustment cavity 20 is formed on the front end of the annular protrusion 17a on the adjustment screw 17 and the shock absorber Between the bottom of the hole on the bottom cylinder for installing the adjustment screw 17, the conical valve core 19 is located at the front end of the adjustment screw 17 and in the adjustment channel formed on the bottom cylinder 11 of the shock absorber. the

In this embodiment, the damping cylinder 14 is connected to the bottom cylinder 11 of the shock absorber through an oil bolt 16, the adjusting screw 17 is installed on the bottom cylinder of the shock absorber and the adjusting cavity 20 is formed between the adjusting screw 17 and the shock absorber. Between the bottom of the mounting hole for installing the adjusting screw 17 on the bottom cylinder 11, the adjusting channel 22 communicates with the damping chamber 20 through the oil channel of the oil-passing bolt 16; the oil-passing bolt 16 is a bolt with an oil circulation channel , as shown in the figure, the oil-passing bolt 16 has an oil-passing hole 16a coaxially, and the outer circle is provided with an annular groove 16b communicating with the oil-passing hole; the oil-passing bolt is threadedly connected to the bottom of the damping cylinder 14 and the The bottom cylinder 11 is fixed on the bottom of the cylinder, and the bottom of the damping cylinder 14 is provided with a threaded hole that penetrates and cooperates with the oil-passing bolt 16. The oil-passing hole 16a of the oil-passing bolt 16 communicates with the inside of the damping cylinder. The groove 16b communicates with the regulating channel 22 to form a complete circulation channel of the damping medium; the structure is simple and easy to adjust, and the addition of the oil hole and the annular groove makes the entire regulating channel longer and has a better throttling and damping effect, so that the damping The regulator is adjusted slowly and with a wide range, which is suitable for a wide driving environment. the

In this embodiment, the thread of the adjusting screw 16 is formed on the annular protrusion 17a on the outer circle of the adjusting screw, and the bottom cylinder 11 of the shock absorber is threaded and provided with a limiter 18 for limiting the annular protrusion 17a outward. , as shown in the figure, the limiting member 18 is overlaid on the adjusting screw 17 and threadedly fitted in the threaded hole provided on the shock absorber bottom tube 11, and the annular protrusion 17a of the adjusting screw 17 is also threaded inside the thread In the hole, an adjustment cavity is formed between the front end of the annular protrusion 17a and the bottom of the threaded hole on the shock absorber bottom cylinder 11, and the adjustment channel 22 is located at the bottom of the hole; the setting of the limiter 18 can ensure that the adjustment range is limited. Moreover, the adjustment range can be adjusted twice, and the use is simple and convenient. the

In this embodiment, the piston assembly includes a piston and a piston rod 5, and the damping spring 15 can be sleeved on the piston rod 5, and can also be sleeved on the piston rod 5 and the damping cylinder, which will not be described in detail here; There is a guide sleeve 4, which is placed on the exposed part of the piston rod 5. In actual use, the length of the guide sleeve should not be shorter than one-third of the piston rod, so that it is easy to form a comprehensive protection for the piston rod and spring, avoid contact and have Sufficient buffer length; the guide sleeve 4 is axially limited on the piston rod 5; the guide sleeve 4 is generally made of a material softer than the spring, such as plastic or rubber, which is low in cost and easy to manufacture, and has good replaceability At the same time, plastic or nylon has a certain hardness and toughness, and has a certain self-lubricating effect on collisions to reduce friction damage. Plastics are preferred, such as nylon plastics, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc., which have high strength and self-lubricating properties. Good features; the guide sleeve has a structure with a large middle and small ends along the longitudinal direction, which is suitable for the deformation of the spring, and smooth contact occurs during use, further reducing the impact; and the guide sleeve is arranged in parallel in the circumferential direction. Longitudinal grooves make The cross-section of the guide sleeve is a spline structure or a smooth excessive tooth structure, so that the guide sleeve saves material and finished products, reduces the frictional contact area, and reduces the hardness and impact force of the outer circle of the guide sleeve. It can effectively buffer the deformation and collision of the spring, and at the same time, it has a good guiding effect, which is beneficial to protect the guide sleeve from rapid wear, impact failure and effective guidance to avoid the performance degradation of the shock absorbing spring after bending, which is conducive to maintaining good shock absorption. It is beneficial to protect the guide sleeve from rapid wear and tear; this structure prevents the damping spring 15 from being bent and rubbed against the piston rod 5 to affect performance or cause wear of the piston rod 5 and the damping spring 15 during the working process. The whole working process is smoother; the axial limit method can adopt the existing structure of the stoppers at both ends, etc., which will not be repeated here. the

In this embodiment, the hydraulic buffer 3 is set on the piston rod 5 at least axially outward, and the position of the hydraulic buffer 3 prevents the piston of the piston assembly from rigidly touching the bottom at the end of the stroke. As the damping cylinder faces outward, it is generally used for the shock absorber to point upward, that is, the upper limit can realize the purpose of the invention, and of course it can also be fixed; the setting position of the hydraulic buffer 3 prevents the piston of the piston assembly from rigidity at the end of the stroke. Bottom out refers to: the position of the hydraulic buffer 3 on the piston rod enables the hydraulic buffer 3 to contact the end cap of the damping cylinder before the piston bottoms out, preventing the piston from continuing to move downward at high speed; At the lowest end and the final stroke of the spring compression, a hydraulic damping buffer structure is designed at the end of the working stroke, which can gradually increase the compression damping force. When the working stroke is limited, there will be no adverse conditions such as hard bottoming, which ensures comfort. , the working process is more safe, stable and reliable; as shown in the figure, the hydraulic buffer 3 buffer sleeve structure, the end of the buffer sleeve structure near the damping cylinder is a tapered shape that gradually shrinks toward the end surface; , the end face of the tapered small head first contacts the end cover of the damping cylinder, forming a contact with a reaction force gradually increasing from small to ensure the cushioning effect and improve the comfort before the shock absorber bottoms out; as shown in the figure, the hydraulic buffer passes through The inner sleeve 2 is set on the piston rod, and the two ends realize the axial limit; as shown in the figure, the inner sleeve 2 is a T-shaped sleeve, and the hydraulic buffer 3 passes through the big head of the T-shaped sleeve and the outer circle of the T-shaped sleeve. To achieve axial limit, one end of the T-shaped sleeve and the guide sleeve 4 share a limit stopper, and the other end is limited by an independent limit stopper, which will not be repeated here. This structure divides the buffering process into two stages to increase the buffering effect . the

In this embodiment, the inner cylinder 13 of the shock absorber is fixedly connected to the bottom cylinder 11 of the shock absorber and is slidably fitted in the outer cylinder 1 in the axial direction. 1 A spring seat 6 fixed at least axially outward, this embodiment is a spring seat 6; the piston rod 5 of the piston assembly is matched with the outer cylinder 1 of the shock absorber in an adjustable axial position, and the piston rod 5 The outer end surface is exposed to the shock absorber to adjust the axial position of the piston rod relative to the outer cylinder; as shown in the figure, the outer end surface of the piston rod is provided with a straight groove for the driver to rotate, and the damping force can be adjusted by directly driving the screwdriver. Purpose. the

In this embodiment, the damping spring 15 is provided with an adjusting nut 9 for adjusting its pre-tightening force, and the adjusting nut 9 is threadedly matched with the piston rod or the axially fixed threaded sleeve 8 on the piston rod and bears against the outer cylinder downward. 1 or an end piece (tube cover 16) fixed to the outer cylinder 1; as shown in the figure, the piston rod 5 is fixed with a threaded sleeve 8, and the adjusting nut 9 is threadedly arranged on the threaded sleeve 8 and is fixed against the outer cylinder The end piece (cap 16) of the shock absorber can be adjusted at any time; the spring preload of the shock absorber can be adjusted at any time according to the demand through the adjustment nut 9, and the scale can be set, and the adjustment has standardization. the

In this embodiment, the bottom cylinder 11 of the shock absorber is a forging and integrally formed with a hollowed-out disc brake mounting bracket 12, and a fender bracket 10 is detachably connected, and a hollowed-out disc brake mounting bracket is used outside. , the strength can be guaranteed, the appearance is novel, the use of materials is reduced, and the unsprung mass is reduced. It has good effects in appearance, performance, structure stability, reliability, cost and comfortable handling of the vehicle; the mudguard is installed at the bottom tube The bracket is connected by bolts to the bottom tube, which can be replaced and adjusted at any time according to the shape of the mudguard, and the product interchangeability is higher; the whole is suitable for the front shock absorber of motorcycles. the

In this embodiment, the bottom cylinder of the shock absorber is a forging, and the bottom cylinder 11 of the shock absorber and the inner cylinder 13 are connected by threads; generally, anaerobic glue is applied on the thread to prevent loosening of rotation, and a locking screw 21 is designed at the same time. , to further prevent the inner cylinder from loosening and to ensure the stability and reliability of this assembly. the

In the present invention, a reasonable sealing structure, such as an o-ring or a sealing gasket, is adopted as required in the connection of various components, which will not be repeated here; in the present invention, in terms of appearance, the outer cylinder has a uniform spiral pattern, and the surface adopts an anode Oxidation treatment, bright appearance, strong texture, stable and reliable anti-corrosion performance; at the same time, fine processing is required for the assembly section of the upper and lower steering column levers, surface roughness is controlled, easy to assemble and ensure stable and reliable assembly with the steering column connecting lever, Thereby, the parallelism of the left and right shock absorbers can be effectively guaranteed, and the phenomenon of eccentric wear and sticking of the shock absorbers can be avoided. the

The present invention independently uses the front shock absorber suitable for three-wheeled and two-wheeled motorcycles. the

Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be carried out Modifications or equivalent replacements without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the claims of the present invention. the

Claims (10)

1. An adjustable shock absorber, comprising a shock absorbing spring and a damper assembly, the damper assembly including a damper cylinder and a piston assembly, characterized in that: the damper assembly is provided with a damping cavity through the adjustment damper assembly A damping force adjustment device for adjusting the size of the damping force, the damping force adjustment device is provided with a damping force adjustment end exposed outside the shock absorber. 2. The adjustable shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: the damping force adjustment device includes an adjustment screw and an adjustment cavity, the adjustment cavity communicates with the damping cavity through an adjustment channel, and the adjustment screw drives A conical spool adjusts the flow area of the regulating channel. 3. The adjustable shock absorber according to claim 2, characterized in that: the damping cylinder is connected to the bottom cylinder of the shock absorber through an oil bolt, the adjusting screw is installed on the bottom cylinder of the shock absorber and the adjustment cavity It is formed between the adjusting screw and the bottom of the mounting hole on the bottom cylinder of the shock absorber for installing the adjusting screw, and the adjusting passage communicates with the damping chamber through the oil passage of the oil-passing bolt. 4. The adjustable shock absorber according to claim 3, characterized in that: the thread of the adjustment screw is formed on an annular protrusion on the outer circle of the adjustment screw, and the thread on the bottom cylinder of the shock absorber is provided with a ring for adjusting the annular protrusion. Lift the limiter for outward limit. 5. The adjustable shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: the piston assembly includes a piston and a piston rod, a guide sleeve is located in the middle of the piston rod, and the guide sleeve is axially limited on the piston rod. 6. The adjustable shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: a hydraulic buffer is set at least axially outward on the piston rod, and the position of the hydraulic buffer prevents the piston of the piston assembly from rigidity at the end of the stroke. When bottoming out, the hydraulic buffer is axially limited on the piston rod. 7. The adjustable shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner cylinder of the shock absorber is fixedly connected to the bottom cylinder of the shock absorber and slidably fits in the outer cylinder in the axial direction, and the shock absorber spring The upper end bears against the outer cylinder or the spring seat fixed at least axially outward with the outer cylinder. The piston rod of the piston assembly is matched with the outer cylinder of the shock absorber in an adjustable axial position, and the outer end surface of the piston rod is exposed on the The shock absorber is used to adjust the axial position of the piston rod relative to the outer cylinder. 8. The adjustable shock absorber according to claim 7, characterized in that: the shock absorbing spring is provided with an adjusting nut for adjusting its pre-tightening force, and the adjusting nut is threadedly matched with the piston rod or the piston rod is axially fixed The threaded sleeve and bears down against the outer cylinder or the end piece fixed with the outer cylinder. 9. The adjustable shock absorber according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that: the bottom cylinder of the shock absorber is a forging and integrally formed with a hollow disc brake mounting bracket, which can be detachably connected Features fender mounts. 10. The adjustable shock absorber according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the bottom cylinder of the shock absorber is a forging, and the bottom cylinder of the shock absorber and the inner cylinder are connected by threads.