CN104303651A - Pneumatic seed protection type precision concentrated seeding device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an air pressure seed protection type precision collector, which includes a seed box, a seed row assembly, and a seed unloading plug, a seed guide pipe, a shunt pipe, a seed cleaning nozzle, a protective chamber plate and an air pressure nozzle. A seed divider, the seed sorting roller assembly is installed in the seed divider, the seed box and the seed divider are connected through a connecting plate, the inlet of the shunt pipe is located in the seed box, the protective chamber plate and the seed sorter A seed protection air cushion is arranged between the drum assemblies. The invention adopts the "inverted square cone" or "inverted rectangular cone" hole, which is convenient for picking up seeds. At the same time, when the hole carrying the seeds passes through the air pressure seed protection area, the seeds are not easy to be embedded in the holes.

Description

Air pressure seed protection type precision collector

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural seeding machinery and equipment, in particular to an air pressure seed-protecting precision collector.

Background technique

The core component of seeding machinery is the seed metering device. At present, the precision seed metering devices used at home and abroad are mainly divided into two categories: mechanical type and pneumatic type. The mechanical seed metering device has the advantages of simple structure and low cost, and is widely used in precision sowing of soybeans, rice, wheat and other crops, but it is easy to cause damage to the seeds, thereby reducing the precision and stability of sowing. The air-suction seed metering device has the advantages of good adaptability to seeds, low seed damage rate, and high working reliability. Multi-row sowing is realized by the arrangement and combination of the whole machine. The transmission of the whole machine is complicated and the strips are easy to break. At the same time, the weight and manufacturing cost of the machine are increased, and the failure rate and energy consumption of the machine are also increased.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of air pressure seed-protecting precision collector with simple structure and capable of improving seeding quality in order to overcome the above disadvantages.

The present invention includes a seed box, a seeding roller assembly and a seed separator provided with a seed unloading plug, a seed guide pipe, a shunt pipe, a seed cleaning nozzle, a protective chamber plate and an air pressure nozzle. In the seed device, the seed box and the seed divider are connected through a connecting plate, the inlet of the shunt pipe is located in the seed box, and a seed protection air cushion is provided between the protective chamber plate and the seed row assembly.

The seeding drum assembly includes a drum main body, two drum end covers and a seeding shaft located in the drum main body. There are multiple circles of inverted square cone or inverted rectangular cone shaped holes along the circumferential direction, and straight openings are provided on the inner sides of the two roller end covers.

The inner and outer sides of the seed-protecting air cushion are respectively provided with an outer ring groove of the seed-protecting air cushion and an inner ring groove of the seed-protecting air cushion. air hole.

The protective chamber plate is provided with a straight mouth ring cavity for matching with the outer ring groove of the seed protection air cushion, and the straight mouth ring cavity is provided with an air pressure nozzle connection port.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The "inverted square cone" or "inverted rectangular cone" hole is adopted, which is convenient for picking up seeds. At the same time, when the hole carrying seeds passes through the air pressure seed protection area, the seeds are not easy to be embedded in the hole;

2. The use of seed protection air cushion can effectively reduce the broken rate of seeds and improve the quality of sowing;

3. Small in size, light in weight, small in power consumption, high in working efficiency and able to achieve high-speed, single-grain precision sowing.

4. Modular design, easy disassembly and assembly, reliable work.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the side structure of FIG. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the seeding cylinder assembly.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seed separator.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the hole structure.

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a drum end cover.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the seed protection air cushion.

Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the shield panel.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Embodiment: The air pressure seed protection type precision collector of the present invention includes a seed box 1, a seed discharge roller assembly 2, and a seed discharge plug 11, a seed introduction pipe 8, a shunt pipe 9, and a seed clearing nozzle 13. The seed divider 7 of the protective chamber plate 14 and the air pressure nozzle 16, the shunt pipe 9 is for controlling the seed flow in the seed box 1 and maintaining the height of the seed filling surface in the seed divider 7. The seeding cylinder assembly 2 is installed in the seed divider 7, the seed box 1 and the seed divider 7 are connected through a connecting plate 10, the seed box 1 is fixed on the connecting plate 10 by bolts, and the shunt pipe 9 The inlet is located in the seed box 1 , and a seed protection air cushion 15 is provided between the protective chamber plate 14 and the seed row assembly 2 .

The seeding drum assembly 2 includes a drum main body 18, two drum end covers 20 and a seeding shaft 5 located in the drum main body 18, and the two drum end covers 20 are mounted on the drum main body through the seeding shafts 5 respectively. 18 at both ends, the drum main body 18 is provided with multiple rounds of inverted square cone or inverted rectangular cone shaped holes 19 along the circumferential direction, and the inner sides of the two drum end covers 20 are provided with straight openings 20a. The seeding shaft 5, the drum end cover 20 and the drum main body 18 are connected as a whole. Different from the traditional connection method, the drum main body 18 adopts an open structure design. For the convenience of positioning, installation and sealing, the two ends of the drum main body 18 are provided with The cylinder end cover 20 of the straight mouth 20a is connected with the seeding shaft 5 as a whole and placed inside the 6 seed dividers 7 arranged side by side. The purpose is to: one is to reduce the volume and quality of the collector; The internal structure of the rower reduces the failure rate; the third is to facilitate the replacement of the seeding rollers for the live broadcasting of different crops. When the seeding drum rotates to the seed filling area, it is easy to pick up the seeds. It is an active seed filling, while the traditional "inverted cone" hole mainly relies on the combined force of the population force and friction to press the seeds into the hole. For passive seed filling, especially when the height of the seed filling surface is low, the comprehensive force such as population force and friction will decrease accordingly, and it is difficult for the seeds to be pressed into the hole, so that a cavity is formed.

Described sorting device 7 comprises sorting room 12, drum chamber 25 and seeding chamber 26, and seed sorting device 7 is provided with clearing mouth mouth coupling port 22, seed protection zone coupling port 23, seed introduction pipe coupling port 24 and unloading port. Seed port 27. The seed dividers 7 are arranged side by side and installed on the connecting plate 10 through bolts and locknuts. The combination formed by the seeding cylinder 2 and the seeding shaft 5 is placed in the combination of the seed dividers 7. The seed meter end cover 3 is screwed through the screw Be fixed on both ends of the seed divider 7 outside, the seed guide tube 8 is connected to the bottom of the seed divider 7 by screws, and the seed unloading plug 11 is threadedly connected to the seed unloading port 23, and its purpose is to facilitate the unloading of the seed after the operation is completed.

Described seed protecting air cushion 15 inner and outer two sides are respectively provided with protecting seed air cushion outer ring groove 28 and seed protecting air cushion inner ring groove 30, and the pad between described seed protecting air cushion outer ring groove 28 and seed protecting air cushion inner ring groove 30 The body is provided with a plurality of air holes 29 . Seed protection air cushion 15 is made by non-static flexible material (EVA material), is placed inside the connection port 23 of the seed protection area, and its structural shape is fan-shaped, and different air cushions 15 of protection species are replaced according to production needs.

The protective chamber plate 14 is provided with a straight mouth ring cavity 33 for matching with the outer ring groove 28 of the seed protection air cushion, and the straight mouth ring cavity 33 is provided with an air pressure nozzle coupling port 31 . The straight ring cavity 33 is placed inside the connection port 23 of the seed protection area, and forms a sealed air pressure cavity with the outer ring groove 28 of the seed protection air cushion. The upper end surface is combined with the seed separator 7 through the seed cleaning nozzle 13, and the lower end surface is fixed by screws. On the seed divider 7 , the air pressure nozzle 16 is threadedly connected to the air pressure nozzle coupling port 31 .

Working process of the present invention is:

The power source drives the centrifugal fan to generate two air pressures: one to the seed clearing nozzle 13, and the other to the air pressure nozzle 16; the power source drives the first transmission sprocket 6A, and the first transmission sprocket 6A drives the rotation of the seeding shaft 5, and the second transmission sprocket 6A The second transmission sprocket 6B drives the upper sprocket of the fertilizer box to realize the linkage between seed and fertilizer. In order to ensure the stability of the seeding shaft 5, two bearings 4 with seats are placed inside the two transmission sprockets 6A and 6B; in the seed box 1 Under the action of gravity, the seeds are filled into the sorting chamber 12 of the sorting device 7 through the splitter tube 9, and the "inverted square cone" or "inverted rectangular cone" hole 19 on the seeding drum assembly 2 passes through the sorting chamber. Seeds are picked up in 12, and when the hole 19 carrying the seed passes through the seed clearing nozzle 13, the airflow in the seed clearing nozzle 13 will blow out the redundant seeds in the hole 19, and the blown seeds will slide into the sorting chamber under the action of gravity and air force 12. When the type hole 19 carrying the seeds passes through the air pressure nozzle 16, the airflow of the air pressure nozzle 16 is filled into the sealed air pressure cavity formed by the straight ring cavity 33 and the outer ring groove 28 of the seed protection air cushion, and the air pressure in the sealed air pressure cavity passes through evenly. The air hole 29 of distribution is filled into the inner ring groove 30 of the seed-protecting air cushion, and forms a stable air pressure cushion in the inner ring groove 30 of the air-protecting air cushion, and the air pressure cushion protects the seed in the type hole 19; When the seed chamber 26 of the seed device 7 is cut off, the air flow is cut off, and the seeds in the hole 19 enter the seed chamber 26 under the joint action of gravity and centrifugal force and are discharged through the seed guide pipe 8 to complete the seed discharge process. After the operation is completed, unscrew the unloading plug 11, and the remaining seeds in the seed box 1 are unloaded from the unloading port 27, wherein the seed cleaning process and the seed protection process are all completed by the airflow produced by the centrifugal fan, which has a good cleaning effect. The effect of seed and seed protection effectively reduces the breakage rate of seeds, and can better realize precision seeding under high-speed operating conditions.

Performance test experiment: taking rapeseed as the research object, under the condition that the air pressure for seed protection is 300Pa, the air pressure for clearing seed is 210Pa, the acute angle between the seed clearing mouth and the horizontal plane is 53°, and the seed filling height is 65mm. The seeding performance of the rower is shown in Table 1:

Table 1 Seed-discharging performance of pneumatic seed-protecting collector

Above-mentioned each embodiment is only used for explaining the present invention, and the implementation modes such as its each component structure of the present invention, connection are not limited by above-mentioned each embodiment, every increase or decrease each component or each component on the basis of the technical scheme of the present invention Modifications such as replacement, structural improvement or combined transformation all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A pneumatic seed protection type precision collector, comprising a seed box (1), a seed row assembly (2) and a seed unloading plug (11), a seed introduction pipe (8), a shunt pipe (9) ), clearing nozzle (13), protective chamber plate (14) and the seed divider (7) of the air pressure nozzle (16), the seeding roller assembly (2) is installed in the seed divider (7), and the The seed box (1) and the seed divider (7) are connected through a connecting plate (10), and the inlet of the shunt pipe (9) is located in the seed box (1), and it is characterized in that the protective chamber plate (14) and A seed protection air cushion (15) is arranged between the seeding cylinder assemblies (2). 2. The air pressure seed protection type precision collector according to claim 1, characterized in that the seeding drum assembly (2) includes a drum main body (18), two drum end covers (20) and a The seeding shaft (5) in the main body (18), the two drum end caps (20) are respectively installed on the two ends of the drum main body (18) through the seeding shaft (5), and the drum main body (18) is Multiple rounds of inverted square cone or inverted rectangular cone shaped holes (19) are provided in the circumferential direction, and straight openings (20a) are provided on the inner sides of the two roller end covers (20). 3. According to claim 1 or 2, the air pressure seed protection type precision collector is characterized in that the inner and outer sides of the seed protection air cushion (15) are respectively provided with a seed protection air cushion outer ring groove (28) and a protective air cushion. The inner ring groove (30) of the seed air cushion, the cushion body between the outer ring groove (28) and the inner ring groove (30) of the seed protection air cushion is provided with a plurality of air holes (29). 4. According to claim 1 or 2, the air-pressure seed-protecting type precision collector is characterized in that the described protective chamber plate (14) is provided with a straight groove (28) for cooperating with the seed-protecting air cushion outer ring groove (28). A mouth ring cavity (33), the said straight mouth ring cavity (33) is provided with an air pressure nozzle coupling port (31).