CN104283632A - A method and device for transmitting information in a mobile network - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种移动网络中信息的传输方法和设备,该方法包括:定义协议头的共享字段,通过扩展业务数据包协议头实现;终端设备将网络传输信息添加到业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中;所述终端设备通过路径网元设备将携带了所述网络传输信息的所述业务数据包发送给应用服务器。本发明实施例中,通过在业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中携带网络传输信息,使移动互联网中业务在不增加信令开销、不新增专用网元的前提下获取网络信息(网络状态信息和网络能力信息)、用户信息和业务信息,而且在获取网络信息、用户信息和业务信息时,可以不产生额外的信令开销,并实时反映网络状态。通过重用业务数据包的协议头,具有良好的兼容性。
The invention discloses a method and equipment for transmitting information in a mobile network. The method includes: defining a shared field of a protocol header, which is realized by extending the protocol header of a service data packet; a terminal device adds network transmission information to the protocol header of the service data packet In the sharing field of ; the terminal device sends the service data packet carrying the network transmission information to the application server through the path network element device. In the embodiment of the present invention, by carrying the network transmission information in the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet, the service in the mobile Internet can obtain the network information (network state Information and network capability information), user information and service information, and when obtaining network information, user information and service information, no additional signaling overhead can be generated, and the network status can be reflected in real time. By reusing the protocol header of the business data packet, it has good compatibility.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及通信技术领域,尤其涉及一种移动网络中信息的传输方法和设备。The invention relates to the field of communication technology, in particular to a method and equipment for transmitting information in a mobile network.
背景技术Background technique
为了给用户提供更好的服务体验,应用希望能够获取网络状态信息和网络能力信息,以利用网络状态信息和网络能力信息为用户提供更好的服务体验。例如,通过获取网络带宽能力,并基于网络带宽能力为用户推送恰当编码速率的流媒体文件。随着移动互联网的发展和OTT(Over The Top,即互联网公司越过运营商,发展基于开放互联网的各种视频及数据服务业务)应用的快速增长,应用获取网络状态信息和网络能力信息的需求也越来越迫切。In order to provide users with a better service experience, the application hopes to be able to obtain network status information and network capability information, so as to provide users with a better service experience by using the network status information and network capability information. For example, by obtaining the network bandwidth capability, and based on the network bandwidth capability, push streaming media files with an appropriate encoding rate to the user. With the development of mobile Internet and the rapid growth of OTT (Over The Top, that is, Internet companies surpass operators to develop various video and data service services based on the open Internet) applications, the demand for applications to obtain network status information and network capability information is also increasing. more and more urgent.
现有技术中,获取网络状态信息和网络能力信息的方式具体包括:In the prior art, methods for obtaining network status information and network capability information specifically include:
方式一、在PCC(Policy Control and Charging,策略控制和计费)架构中,AF(Application Function,应用功能)通过Rx接口将业务信息(如业务带宽需求等)提供给PCRF(Policy and Charging Rules Function,策略与计费规则功能),通过Rx接口将来自PCEF(Policy and Charging Enforcement Function,策略及计费执行功能)的信息发送给AF。业务服务器通过AF可以获取网络状态信息,业务需求也可以通过AF发送给PCRF。Method 1. In the PCC (Policy Control and Charging, policy control and charging) architecture, AF (Application Function, application function) provides business information (such as business bandwidth requirements, etc.) to PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules Function) through the Rx interface , policy and charging rule function), and send information from PCEF (Policy and Charging Enforcement Function, policy and charging enforcement function) to AF through the Rx interface. The service server can obtain network status information through the AF, and service requirements can also be sent to the PCRF through the AF.
方式二、基于ANDSF(Access Network Discovery and Selection Function,接入网络发现和选择功能),网络侧可以向终端设备提供附近可用的接入网信息,并向终端设备下发相应的网络选择策略。进一步的,基于ANDSF,终端设备可以获取当前无线网络的可用连接的位置、网络状态信息等。Method 2. Based on ANDSF (Access Network Discovery and Selection Function, access network discovery and selection function), the network side can provide terminal devices with information about available access networks nearby, and issue corresponding network selection policies to terminal devices. Further, based on the ANDSF, the terminal device can obtain the location of the available connection of the current wireless network, network status information, and the like.
方式三、在网络中部署专用网络状态信息共享网元,该专用网络状态信息共享网元用于收集网络状态信息和网络能力信息,并通过API(ApplicationProgramming Interface,应用程序编程接口)等方式将网络状态信息和网络能力信息发送给应用;其中,该专用网络状态信息共享网元可以通过相关信令将收集的网络状态信息和网络能力信息发送给相关应用。Method 3. Deploy a dedicated network status information sharing network element in the network. The dedicated network status information sharing network element is used to collect network status information and network capability information, and use API (Application Programming Interface, application programming interface) The status information and network capability information are sent to applications; wherein, the dedicated network status information sharing network element can send the collected network status information and network capability information to related applications through related signaling.
在实现本发明的过程中,发明人发现现有技术中至少存在以下问题:In the process of realizing the present invention, the inventor finds that there are at least the following problems in the prior art:
(1)信令开销较大,可能需要多条交互信令才能够获取到网络状态信息和网络能力信息;(2)通过信令交互获取网络状态信息和网络能力信息时,存在一定的滞后,且无法实时反映网络状态;(3)通过多个设备之间的交互获取网络状态信息和网络能力信息,存在时延以及额外的信令开销;(4)通过API方式获取网络状态信息和网络能力信息,需要应用程序在开发时就内部集成运营商提供的API,如果API发生变化,应用程序需要相应的调整。(1) The signaling overhead is large, and multiple interactive signaling may be required to obtain network status information and network capability information; (2) There is a certain lag when obtaining network status information and network capability information through signaling interaction. And it cannot reflect the network status in real time; (3) Obtaining network status information and network capability information through the interaction between multiple devices, there is delay and additional signaling overhead; (4) Obtaining network status information and network capabilities through API information, the application needs to be integrated with the API provided by the operator during development, and if the API changes, the application needs to be adjusted accordingly.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明实施例提供一种移动网络中信息的传输方法和设备,以在获取网络状态信息和网络能力信息时,减小信令开销,并实时反映网络状态。Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and device for transmitting information in a mobile network, so as to reduce signaling overhead and reflect network status in real time when acquiring network status information and network capability information.
为了达到上述目的,本发明实施例提供一种移动网络中信息的传输方法,该方法包括:In order to achieve the above purpose, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for transmitting information in a mobile network, the method comprising:
终端设备将网络传输信息添加到业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中;The terminal device adds the network transmission information to the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet;
所述终端设备通过路径网元设备将携带了所述网络传输信息的所述业务数据包发送给应用服务器。The terminal device sends the service data packet carrying the network transmission information to the application server through the path network element device.
本发明实施例提供一种移动网络中信息的传输方法,该方法包括:An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for transmitting information in a mobile network, the method comprising:
路径网元设备接收终端设备通过本路径网元设备向应用服务器发送的业务数据包,所述业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中携带了网络传输信息;The path network element device receives the service data packet sent by the terminal device to the application server through the path network element device, and the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet carries network transmission information;
所述路径网元设备将携带了网络传输信息的业务数据包发送给应用服务器。The path network element device sends the service data packet carrying the network transmission information to the application server.
本发明实施例提供一种移动网络中信息的传输方法,该方法包括:An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for transmitting information in a mobile network, the method comprising:
应用服务器接收终端设备通过路径网元设备向本应用服务器发送的业务数据包,所述业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中携带了网络传输信息;The application server receives the service data packet sent by the terminal device to the application server through the path network element device, and the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet carries network transmission information;
所述应用服务器利用所述业务数据包中携带的网络传输信息进行相应处理。The application server uses the network transmission information carried in the service data packet to perform corresponding processing.
本发明实施例提供一种终端设备,所述终端设备具体包括:An embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal device, and the terminal device specifically includes:
生成模块,用于将网络传输信息添加到业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中;A generating module, configured to add network transmission information to the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet;
发送模块,用于通过路径网元设备将携带了所述网络传输信息的所述业务数据包发送给应用服务器。A sending module, configured to send the service data packet carrying the network transmission information to an application server through a path network element device.
本发明实施例提供一种路径网元设备,所述路径网元设备具体包括:An embodiment of the present invention provides a path network element device, and the path network element device specifically includes:
接收模块,用于接收终端设备通过本路径网元设备向应用服务器发送的业务数据包,所述业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中携带了网络传输信息;The receiving module is used to receive the service data packet sent by the terminal device to the application server through the network element device of this path, and the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet carries network transmission information;
发送模块,用于将携带了网络传输信息的业务数据包发送给应用服务器。The sending module is used to send the service data packet carrying the network transmission information to the application server.
本发明实施例提供一种应用服务器,所述应用服务器具体包括:An embodiment of the present invention provides an application server, and the application server specifically includes:
接收模块,用于接收终端设备通过路径网元设备向本应用服务器发送的业务数据包,所述业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中携带了网络传输信息;The receiving module is used to receive the service data packet sent by the terminal device to the application server through the path network element device, and the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet carries network transmission information;
处理模块,用于利用所述业务数据包中携带的网络传输信息进行相应处理。A processing module, configured to use the network transmission information carried in the service data packet to perform corresponding processing.
与现有技术相比,本发明实施例至少具有以下优点:本发明实施例中,通过在业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中携带网络传输信息(如网络信息(网络状态信息和网络能力信息)、用户信息和业务信息),从而使移动互联网中业务在不增加信令开销、不新增专用网元的前提下获取网络信息(网络状态信息和网络能力信息)、用户信息和业务信息,而且在网络信息(网络状态信息和网络能力信息)、用户信息和业务信息时,可以不产生额外的信令开销,并实时反映网络状态。通过重用业务数据包的协议头,具有良好的兼容性。Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following advantages: In the embodiment of the present invention, by carrying network transmission information (such as network information (network status information and network capability information) in the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet ), user information and service information), so that the services in the mobile Internet can obtain network information (network status information and network capability information), user information and service information without increasing signaling overhead and adding dedicated network elements. Moreover, when it comes to network information (network status information and network capability information), user information and service information, no additional signaling overhead can be generated, and the network status can be reflected in real time. By reusing the protocol header of the business data packet, it has good compatibility.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. Ordinary technicians can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings on the premise of not paying creative work.
图1是本发明实施例一提出的应用场景示意图;FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario proposed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例一提出的一种移动网络中信息的传输方法流程图;FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for transmitting information in a mobile network proposed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例二提供的一种终端设备结构示意图;FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施例三提供的一种路径网元设备结构示意图;FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a path network element device provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;
图5是本发明实施例四提供的一种应用服务器结构示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an application server provided by Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明中的附图,对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例一Embodiment one
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明实施例一提出一种移动网络中信息的传输方法,以图1为本发明实施例的应用场景示意图,该方法应用于包括终端设备、路径网元设备和应用服务器的网络中。其中,该网络为端到端的业务数据包的传输网络;该终端设备上有相应的客户端;该路径网元设备具体为无线接入设备(或有线接入设备)、核心网设备、Internet中相关设备(如Internet中的网关设备);该应用服务器是为终端设备上客户端提供应用的服务器。Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, Embodiment 1 of the present invention proposes a method for transmitting information in a mobile network. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the embodiment of the present invention. The method is applied to equipment including terminal equipment and path network element equipment and application server network. Among them, the network is an end-to-end service data packet transmission network; there is a corresponding client on the terminal device; the path network element device is specifically a wireless access device (or wired access device), a core network device, an Internet Related devices (such as gateway devices in the Internet); the application server is a server that provides applications for clients on terminal devices.
在上述应用场景下,如图2所示,该方法至少包括以下步骤:In the above application scenario, as shown in Figure 2, the method at least includes the following steps:
步骤201,终端设备将网络传输信息添加到业务数据包的协议头的共享字段。In step 201, the terminal device adds network transmission information to the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet.
步骤202,终端设备将携带网络传输信息的业务数据包发送给路径网元设备。Step 202, the terminal device sends the service data packet carrying the network transmission information to the path network element device.
步骤203,路径网元设备接收业务数据包(业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中携带了网络传输信息),并将携带网络传输信息的业务数据包发送给应用服务器。Step 203, the path network element device receives the service data packet (the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet carries network transmission information), and sends the service data packet carrying the network transmission information to the application server.
步骤204,应用服务器接收业务数据包(业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中携带了网络传输信息),并利用业务数据包中携带的网络传输信息进行相应处理。Step 204, the application server receives the service data packet (network transmission information is carried in the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet), and uses the network transmission information carried in the service data packet to perform corresponding processing.
在本发明实施例的一种优选实施方式中,应用服务器将网络传输信息添加到业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中,并将携带了网络传输信息的业务数据包发送给路径网元设备;之后,路径网元设备接收业务数据包(业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中携带了网络传输信息),并将携带了网络传输信息的业务数据包发送给终端设备;之后,终端设备接收业务数据包(业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中携带了网络传输信息),并利用业务数据包中携带的网络传输信息进行相应处理。In a preferred implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the application server adds the network transmission information to the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet, and sends the service data packet carrying the network transmission information to the path network element device; After that, the path network element device receives the service data packet (the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet carries the network transmission information), and sends the service data packet carrying the network transmission information to the terminal device; after that, the terminal device receives the service Data packets (network transmission information is carried in the shared field of the protocol header of the business data packet), and the network transmission information carried in the business data packet is used for corresponding processing.
在本发明的上述实施方式中,需要首先定义协议头的共享字段,其可以通过扩展业务数据包的协议头实现;基于此业务数据包的协议头的共享字段,端到端的各网元(如终端设备、无线接入设备或有线接入设备、核心网设备、Internet中的网关设备、应用服务器等)均可以在该共享字段中添加网络传输信息。In the above embodiments of the present invention, it is necessary to first define the shared field of the protocol header, which can be realized by extending the protocol header of the service data packet; based on the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet, each network element from end to end (such as Terminal devices, wireless access devices or wired access devices, core network devices, gateway devices in the Internet, application servers, etc.) can add network transmission information in this shared field.
在本发明的上述实施方式中,共享字段可以由一个或多个子字段组成;此外,共享字段可以进行扩展,以适用于互联网业务灵活多变的需求;此外,共享字段需要简单且容易实现,以减小系统开销;此外,共享字段可以由类型、长度和内容三部分组成,对于固定长度的共享字段,则无需长度信息。In the above embodiments of the present invention, the shared field can be composed of one or more subfields; in addition, the shared field can be expanded to meet the flexible and changeable requirements of Internet services; in addition, the shared field needs to be simple and easy to implement, in order to Reduce system overhead; in addition, the shared field can consist of three parts: type, length, and content. For a fixed-length shared field, no length information is required.
在上述基础上,本发明实施例中,通过扩展业务数据包的协议头来实现共享字段,并在协议头的共享字段中携带网络传输信息。其中,业务数据包的协议头具体可以为:IPv4(Internet Protocol version4,互联网协议第四版)协议头、或者IPv6(Internet Protocol version6,互联网协议第六版)协议头、或者TCP(Transmission Control Protocol,传输控制协议)协议头、或者HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol,超文本传输协议)协议头、或者隧道协议头。Based on the above, in the embodiment of the present invention, the shared field is realized by extending the protocol header of the service data packet, and the network transmission information is carried in the shared field of the protocol header. Among them, the protocol header of the service data packet can specifically be: IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4, Internet Protocol version 4) protocol header, or IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6, Internet Protocol version 6) protocol header, or TCP (Transmission Control Protocol, Transmission Control Protocol) protocol header, or HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, Hypertext Transfer Protocol) protocol header, or tunneling protocol header.
进一步的,对于不同的业务数据包的协议头,共享字段的扩展方式可以相同,共享字段的扩展方式也可以不同,且共享字段的扩展方式可以根据实际需求进行选择。例如,当协议头为IPv4协议头、或者IPv6协议头、或者TCP协议头、或者隧道协议头时,共享字段可以采用二进制编码方式进行扩展;当协议头为HTTP协议头时,共享字段可以采用字符串方式进行扩展。Further, for the protocol headers of different service data packets, the extension methods of the shared fields may be the same, or may be different, and the extension methods of the shared fields may be selected according to actual requirements. For example, when the protocol header is an IPv4 protocol header, or an IPv6 protocol header, or a TCP protocol header, or a tunnel protocol header, the shared field can be extended using binary encoding; when the protocol header is an HTTP protocol header, the shared field can use character string extension.
本发明实施例中,网络传输信息是指需要在网络中进行传输的信息,该网络传输信息具体包括但不限于如下信息:网络信息、用户信息和业务信息。In the embodiment of the present invention, the network transmission information refers to the information that needs to be transmitted in the network, and the network transmission information specifically includes but not limited to the following information: network information, user information and service information.
其中,该网络信息具体包括但不限于如下信息:网络状态信息和/或网络能力信息;其中,该网络状态信息具体包括但不限于以下信息之一或者任意组合:小区负荷信息、无线网络状态等;该网络能力信息具体包括但不限于如下信息:无线网络带宽和/或网络传输时延。Wherein, the network information specifically includes but not limited to the following information: network status information and/or network capability information; where the network status information specifically includes but not limited to one or any combination of the following information: cell load information, wireless network status, etc. ; The network capability information specifically includes but not limited to the following information: wireless network bandwidth and/or network transmission delay.
其中,该用户信息具体包括但不限于以下信息之一或者任意组合:用户位置信息、UA(User Agent,用户代理)信息(即客户端的UA信息)、用户标识信息(如移动终端的IMSI(International Mobile Subscriber IdentificationNumber,国际移动用户识别码)等)。Among them, the user information specifically includes but is not limited to one or any combination of the following information: user location information, UA (User Agent, user agent) information (that is, the UA information of the client), user identification information (such as the IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber IdentificationNumber, International Mobile Subscriber Identity), etc.).
其中,该业务信息具体为业务需求信息。Wherein, the service information is specifically service requirement information.
进一步的,在网络信息包括网络状态信息和网络能力信息时,共享字段具体包括用于承载网络状态信息的网络状态信息共享字段以及用于承载网络能力信息的网络能力信息共享字段;网络状态信息共享字段为固定长度的共享字段;网络能力信息共享字段为不固定长度的共享字段,且各路径网元设备能够在网络能力信息共享字段中添加本路径网元设备的网络能力信息。Further, when the network information includes network state information and network capability information, the shared field specifically includes a network state information sharing field for carrying network state information and a network capability information sharing field for carrying network capability information; network state information sharing The field is a shared field with a fixed length; the network capability information shared field is a shared field with an indefinite length, and each path network element device can add the network capability information of the path network element device in the network capability information shared field.
具体的,共享字段可以划分为网络状态信息共享字段以及网络能力信息共享字段。其中,该网络状态信息共享字段为固定长度,可以承载小区负荷信息和无线网络状态等网络状态信息。该网络能力信息共享字段为不固定长度,且该网络能力信息共享字段用于端到端的能力需求协商,需要由各路径网元设备逐级添加修正的网络能力信息。Specifically, the sharing field may be divided into a network state information sharing field and a network capability information sharing field. Wherein, the network status information sharing field has a fixed length and can carry network status information such as cell load information and wireless network status. The network capability information sharing field has an indeterminate length, and the network capability information sharing field is used for end-to-end capability requirement negotiation, and each path network element device needs to add the corrected network capability information step by step.
例如:对于网络带宽能力协商,业务应用在网络能力信息共享字段中写入对网络带宽的需求,在端到端的业务数据包传输路径中,各路径网元设备将网络带宽能力添加到网络能力信息共享字段中,以对业务需求进行修正;应用服务器基于网络能力信息共享字段中所有网络带宽能力,可判断出端到端的瓶颈在哪里,继而可以选择降低业务传输质量或申请更多的网络资源。For example: For network bandwidth capability negotiation, service applications write the requirements for network bandwidth in the network capability information sharing field. In the end-to-end service data packet transmission path, each path network element device adds the network bandwidth capability to the network capability information In the sharing field, business requirements can be modified; based on all network bandwidth capabilities in the network capability information sharing field, the application server can determine where the end-to-end bottleneck is, and then can choose to reduce the quality of service transmission or apply for more network resources.
需要注意的是,在端到端的业务数据包传输路径中,各路径网元设备将网络带宽能力添加到网络能力信息共享字段中,以对业务需求进行修正时,对于逐级的网络能力信息的修正,其可以是网络本身的能力限制,也可以是对用户等级的限制,如用户套餐对带宽的限制等。It should be noted that in the end-to-end service data packet transmission path, each path network element device adds the network bandwidth capability to the network capability information sharing field to modify the service requirements, the level-by-level network capability information Amendment, which may be the capacity limitation of the network itself, or the limitation of the user level, such as the limitation of the bandwidth of the user package.
综上所述,本发明实施例中,路径网元设备在收到来自终端设备的携带了网络传输信息的业务数据包之后,路径网元设备还可以在业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中添加本路径网元设备对应的网络传输信息;或者,路径网元设备还可以修改业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中所携带的网络传输信息;之后,路径网元设备将调整后的携带了网络传输信息的业务数据包发送给应用服务器。To sum up, in the embodiment of the present invention, after the path network element device receives the service data packet carrying the network transmission information from the terminal device, the path network element device can also be in the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet Add the network transmission information corresponding to the path network element device; or, the path network element device can also modify the network transmission information carried in the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet; after that, the path network element device will carry the adjusted The business data packet of the network transmission information is sent to the application server.
此外,本发明实施例中,路径网元设备在收到来自应用服务器的携带了网络传输信息的业务数据包之后,路径网元设备还可以在业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中添加本路径网元设备对应的网络传输信息;或者,路径网元设备还可以修改业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中所携带的网络传输信息;之后,路径网元设备将调整后的携带了网络传输信息的业务数据包发送给终端设备。In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, after the path network element device receives the service data packet carrying the network transmission information from the application server, the path network element device can also add the current path in the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet. The network transmission information corresponding to the network element device; or, the path network element device can also modify the network transmission information carried in the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet; after that, the path network element device will carry the adjusted network transmission information The business data packets are sent to the terminal equipment.
本发明实施例中,对于网络状态信息共享字段,可以不需要长度信息,具体设计方式在此不再赘述。对于网络能力信息共享字段,需要长度信息,为此,本发明实施例中提出如下网络能力信息共享字段的实现方式。In the embodiment of the present invention, the length information may not be needed for the shared field of the network state information, and the specific design method will not be repeated here. For the network capability information sharing field, length information is required. Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention proposes the following implementation manner of the network capability information sharing field.
方式一、如表1所示,本方式下,通过一个统一的网络能力信息共享字段来实现能力协商。其中,业务对能力需求后跟着网络能力的修正,且提前定义好网络能力修正点的数量;如果需要区分能力修正的位置,还需要在修正值前添加网段标识,如无线接入设备(或有线接入设备)、核心网设备等。Mode 1. As shown in Table 1, in this mode, capability negotiation is implemented through a unified network capability information sharing field. Among them, business capability requirements are followed by network capability correction, and the number of network capability correction points is defined in advance; if it is necessary to distinguish the location of capability correction, it is also necessary to add a network segment identifier before the correction value, such as a wireless access device (or wired access equipment), core network equipment, etc.
表1Table 1
方式二、如表2所示,本方式下,需要区分能力分别设置网络能力信息共享字段,即为每种可协商能力单独设置一个网络能力信息共享字段。其中,业务对能力需求后跟着网络能力的修正,且对于能力修正处理方式较为灵活,能力字段可按需求添加;如果需要区分能力修正的位置,还需要在修正值前添加网段标识,如无线接入设备(或有线接入设备)、核心网设备等。Method 2. As shown in Table 2, in this method, it is necessary to set a network capability information sharing field for different capabilities, that is, set a network capability information sharing field for each negotiable capability. Among them, the capability requirements of the business are followed by the correction of the network capability, and the processing method of the capability correction is more flexible, and the capability field can be added as required; if it is necessary to distinguish the location of the capability correction, it is also necessary to add the network segment identifier before the correction value, such as wireless Access equipment (or wired access equipment), core network equipment, etc.
表2Table 2
需要注意的是,上述方式一和方式二只是本实施例中给出的两种具体网络能力信息共享字段的实现方式,在实际应用中还可以有其它网络能力信息共享字段的实现方式,比如对能力修正也单独设置网络能力信息共享字段等。此外,由于网络能力信息共享字段中的能力需求可以是无线网络带宽和或网络传输时延,考虑到减少资源开销,还可以不使用具体需求值,而是使用等级表示,比如带宽需求可简单的用3个等级来表示:0-流畅;1-标清;2-高清。It should be noted that the above method 1 and method 2 are only two specific implementation methods of the network capability information sharing field given in this embodiment, and there may be other implementation methods of the network capability information sharing field in practical applications, such as The capability modification also separately sets the network capability information sharing field and the like. In addition, since the capability requirements in the network capability information sharing field can be wireless network bandwidth and/or network transmission delay, in consideration of reducing resource overhead, it is also possible not to use specific requirement values, but to use levels to represent them. For example, bandwidth requirements can be simply It is represented by 3 levels: 0-smooth; 1-standard definition; 2-high definition.
综上所述,本发明实施例中,通过网络能力信息共享字段,可在业务流程建立的同时将网络传输信息和能力协商好,无需额外网络能力探测等。To sum up, in the embodiment of the present invention, through the network capability information sharing field, the network transmission information and capability can be negotiated while the business process is established, without additional network capability detection and the like.
在本发明实施例的一种具体实现方式中,在端到端的业务数据包传输路径上,无线接入设备(或有线接入设备)、核心网设备、Internet中相关设备(如Internet中的网关设备)都直接对业务数据包的协议头的共享字段进行操作。In a specific implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, on the end-to-end service data packet transmission path, wireless access equipment (or wired access equipment), core network equipment, and related equipment in the Internet (such as gateways in the Internet devices) directly operate on the shared field of the protocol header of the business data packet.
在本发明实施例的另一种具体实现方式中,对于采用隧道方式的网络(即各路径网元设备采用隧道方式发送业务数据包),可以在隧道端口的网关上进行业务数据包共享字段与隧道头(即隧道协议包头)中共享字段的映射。例如:移动运营商的核心网一般采用GTP(GPRS Tunnel Protocol,通用分组无线服务隧道协议)隧道传输业务数据包,因此可以由核心网网关(如GGSN(Gateway GPRS Support Node,网关GPRS支持节点)、PGW(Packet DataNetwork Gateway,分组数据网络网关)等)在隧道协议头(如GTP-U协议头)上扩展共享字段,将业务数据包的协议头的共享字段内容复制到隧道头中的共享字段上。进一步的,运营商网络的共享字段的信息由网关统一进行读写,当前的核心网网关均具备DPI(Deep Packet Inspection,深度包检测)能力,因此对协议头的修改能力也较强,比较适合实现对共享字段的映射操作。In another specific implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, for a network that adopts a tunnel mode (that is, each path network element device uses a tunnel mode to send service data packets), the service data packet shared field and Mapping of the shared fields in the tunnel header (that is, the tunnel protocol header). For example: the core network of a mobile operator generally uses GTP (GPRS Tunnel Protocol, General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol) tunnel to transmit service data packets, so the core network gateway (such as GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node, gateway GPRS support node), PGW (Packet DataNetwork Gateway, packet data network gateway, etc.) expands the shared field on the tunnel protocol header (such as the GTP-U protocol header), and copies the shared field content of the protocol header of the service data packet to the shared field in the tunnel header . Further, the information of the shared field of the operator network is uniformly read and written by the gateway. The current core network gateways all have DPI (Deep Packet Inspection, deep packet inspection) capability, so the ability to modify the protocol header is also strong, which is more suitable Implement the mapping operation on shared fields.
在此方式下,本发明实施例中,针对无线接入设备(或有线接入设备)、核心网设备、Internet中相关设备(如Internet中的网关设备)等路径网元设备,路径网元设备在采用隧道方式发送业务数据包时,在收到来自终端设备的携带了网络传输信息的业务数据包之后,路径网元设备还可以将业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中的网络传输信息复制到隧道头的共享字段中;之后,路径网元设备将调整后的携带了网络传输信息的业务数据包发送给应用服务器。In this way, in this embodiment of the present invention, for path network element devices such as wireless access devices (or wired access devices), core network devices, and related devices in the Internet (such as gateway devices in the Internet), the path network element devices When the service data packet is sent in the tunnel mode, after receiving the service data packet carrying the network transmission information from the terminal device, the path network element device can also copy the network transmission information in the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet into the shared field of the tunnel header; after that, the path network element device sends the adjusted service data packet carrying the network transmission information to the application server.
此外,本发明实施例中,针对无线接入设备(或有线接入设备)、核心网设备、Internet中相关设备(如Internet中的网关设备)等路径网元设备,路径网元设备在采用隧道方式发送业务数据包时,在收到来自应用服务器的携带了网络传输信息的业务数据包之后,路径网元设备还可以将业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中的网络传输信息复制到隧道头的共享字段中;之后,路径网元设备将调整后的携带了网络传输信息的业务数据包发送给终端设备。In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, for path network element devices such as wireless access devices (or wired access devices), core network devices, and related devices in the Internet (such as gateway devices in the Internet), the path network element devices use tunnel When sending a service data packet in the same way, after receiving the service data packet carrying the network transmission information from the application server, the path network element device can also copy the network transmission information in the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet to the tunnel header After that, the path network element device sends the adjusted service data packet carrying the network transmission information to the terminal device.
综上所述,本发明实施例中,通过在业务数据包的协议头设计共享字段,使得客户端将业务需求写入共享字段中,终端设备根据自身能力和需求修改或增加共享字段内容(即修改或增加网络状态信息和网络能力信息),网络侧的无线接入设备(或有线接入设备)根据实时的网络状态和能力修改或增加共享字段内容(即修改或增加网络状态信息和网络能力信息),核心网设备根据网络能力和用户签约信息修改或增加共享字段内容(即修改或增加网络状态信息和网络能力信息),Internet中相关设备(如Internet中的网关设备)也可以将网络能力信息添加到共享字段中,应用服务器侧可以根据端到端的网络状态信息和网络能力信息与客户端协商出最合适的业务形式。To sum up, in the embodiment of the present invention, by designing the shared field in the protocol header of the service data packet, the client can write the business requirements into the shared field, and the terminal device can modify or increase the content of the shared field according to its own capabilities and needs (ie Modify or increase network status information and network capability information), the wireless access device (or wired access device) on the network side modifies or increases the content of the shared field according to the real-time network status and capability (that is, modify or increase network status information and network capability information), the core network equipment modifies or increases the content of the shared field according to network capabilities and user subscription information (that is, modifies or adds network status information and network capability information), and related devices in the Internet (such as gateway devices in the Internet) can also The information is added to the shared field, and the application server side can negotiate the most suitable service form with the client according to the end-to-end network status information and network capability information.
基于上述处理过程,通过在业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中携带网络传输信息(如网络信息(网络状态信息和网络能力信息)、用户信息和业务信息),从而使移动互联网中业务在不增加信令开销、不新增专用网元的前提下获取网络信息(网络状态信息和网络能力信息)、用户信息和业务信息,而且在网络信息(网络状态信息和网络能力信息)、用户信息和业务信息时,可以不产生额外的信令开销,并实时反映网络状态。通过重用业务数据包的协议头,具有良好的兼容性。Based on the above process, by carrying network transmission information (such as network information (network status information and network capability information), user information and service information) in the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet, the service in the mobile Internet Obtain network information (network status information and network capability information), user information and service information without increasing signaling overhead and adding dedicated network elements, and network information (network status information and network capability information), user information and When receiving business information, no additional signaling overhead can be generated, and the network status can be reflected in real time. By reusing the protocol header of the business data packet, it has good compatibility.
实施例二Embodiment two
基于与上述方法同样的发明构思,本发明实施例中还提供了一种终端设备,如图3所示,所述终端设备具体包括:Based on the same inventive concept as the above method, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a terminal device, as shown in Figure 3, the terminal device specifically includes:
生成模块11,用于将网络传输信息添加到业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中;A generating module 11, configured to add network transmission information to the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet;
发送模块12,用于通过路径网元设备将携带了所述网络传输信息的所述业务数据包发送给应用服务器。The sending module 12 is configured to send the service data packet carrying the network transmission information to an application server through a path network element device.
所述终端设备还包括:The terminal equipment also includes:
接收模块13,用于接收所述应用服务器通过路径网元设备向本终端设备发送的业务数据包;所述业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中携带了网络传输信息。The receiving module 13 is configured to receive the service data packet sent by the application server to the terminal device through the path network element device; the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet carries network transmission information.
所述协议头具体为:互联网协议第四版IPv4协议头、或者互联网协议第六版IPv6协议头、或者传输控制协议TCP协议头、或者超文本传输协议HTTP协议头、或者隧道协议头;当所述协议头为IPv4协议头、或者IPv6协议头、或者TCP协议头、或者隧道协议头时,所述共享字段采用二进制编码方式扩展;当所述协议头为HTTP协议头时,所述共享字段采用字符串方式扩展。The protocol header is specifically: the IPv4 protocol header of the fourth version of the Internet Protocol, or the IPv6 protocol header of the sixth version of the Internet Protocol, or the TCP protocol header of the Transmission Control Protocol, or the HTTP protocol header of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol, or the tunnel protocol header; When the protocol header is an IPv4 protocol header, or an IPv6 protocol header, or a TCP protocol header, or a tunnel protocol header, the shared field adopts a binary encoding mode to expand; when the protocol header is an HTTP protocol header, the shared field adopts String mode expansion.
所述网络传输信息具体包括:网络信息、用户信息和业务信息;The network transmission information specifically includes: network information, user information and business information;
所述网络信息包括:网络状态信息和/或网络能力信息;所述网络状态信息包括以下之一或者任意组合:小区负荷信息、无线网络状态;所述网络能力信息包括:无线网络带宽和/或网络传输时延;The network information includes: network status information and/or network capability information; the network status information includes one or any combination of the following: cell load information, wireless network status; the network capability information includes: wireless network bandwidth and/or network transmission delay;
所述用户信息包括以下之一或者任意组合:用户位置信息、用户代理UA信息、用户标识信息。The user information includes one or any combination of the following: user location information, user agent UA information, and user identification information.
所述共享字段具体包括:用于承载网络状态信息的网络状态信息共享字段以及用于承载网络能力信息的网络能力信息共享字段;The shared field specifically includes: a network state information shared field for carrying network state information and a network capability information shared field for carrying network capability information;
所述网络状态信息共享字段为固定长度的共享字段;The network state information shared field is a fixed-length shared field;
所述网络能力信息共享字段为不固定长度的共享字段,且路径网元设备能够在所述网络能力信息共享字段中添加本路径网元设备的网络能力信息。The network capability information sharing field is a sharing field with an indefinite length, and the path network element device can add the network capability information of the path network element device in the network capability information sharing field.
其中,本发明装置的各个模块可以集成于一体,也可以分离部署。上述模块可以合并为一个模块,也可以进一步拆分成多个子模块。Wherein, each module of the device of the present invention can be integrated into one body, or can be deployed separately. The above modules can be combined into one module, or can be further split into multiple sub-modules.
实施例三Embodiment three
基于与上述方法同样的发明构思,本发明实施例中还提供了一种路径网元设备,如图4所示,所述路径网元设备具体包括:Based on the same inventive concept as the above method, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a path network element device, as shown in Figure 4, the path network element device specifically includes:
接收模块21,用于接收终端设备通过本路径网元设备向应用服务器发送的业务数据包,所述业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中携带了网络传输信息;The receiving module 21 is configured to receive a service data packet sent by the terminal device to the application server through the network element device of this path, and the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet carries network transmission information;
发送模块22,用于将携带了网络传输信息的业务数据包发送给应用服务器。The sending module 22 is configured to send the service data packet carrying the network transmission information to the application server.
所述接收模块21,还用于接收应用服务器通过路径网元设备向终端设备发送的业务数据包;所述业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中携带了网络传输信息;The receiving module 21 is also used to receive the service data packet sent by the application server to the terminal device through the path network element device; the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet carries network transmission information;
所述发送模块22,还用于将携带网络传输信息的业务数据包发送给终端设备。The sending module 22 is further configured to send the service data packet carrying the network transmission information to the terminal device.
所述路径网元设备还包括:The path network element device also includes:
处理模块23,用于在收到携带了网络传输信息的业务数据包之后,在所述业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中添加本路径网元设备对应的网络传输信息;或者,修改所述业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中所携带的网络传输信息。The processing module 23 is configured to add the network transmission information corresponding to the network element device of this path in the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet after receiving the service data packet carrying the network transmission information; or, modify the The network transmission information carried in the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet.
所述路径网元设备还包括:处理模块23,用于在收到携带了网络传输信息的业务数据包之后,在采用隧道方式发送业务数据包时,将所述业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中的网络传输信息复制到隧道头的共享字段中。The path network element device also includes: a processing module 23, configured to share the protocol header of the service data packet when sending the service data packet in a tunnel mode after receiving the service data packet carrying the network transmission information. The network transport information in the field is copied to the shared field of the tunnel header.
所述协议头具体为:互联网协议第四版IPv4协议头、或者互联网协议第六版IPv6协议头、或者传输控制协议TCP协议头、或者超文本传输协议HTTP协议头、或者隧道协议头;当所述协议头为IPv4协议头、或者IPv6协议头、或者TCP协议头、或者隧道协议头时,所述共享字段采用二进制编码方式扩展;当所述协议头为HTTP协议头时,所述共享字段采用字符串方式扩展。The protocol header is specifically: the IPv4 protocol header of the fourth version of the Internet Protocol, or the IPv6 protocol header of the sixth version of the Internet Protocol, or the TCP protocol header of the Transmission Control Protocol, or the HTTP protocol header of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol, or the tunnel protocol header; When the protocol header is an IPv4 protocol header, or an IPv6 protocol header, or a TCP protocol header, or a tunnel protocol header, the shared field adopts a binary encoding mode to expand; when the protocol header is an HTTP protocol header, the shared field adopts String mode expansion.
所述网络传输信息具体包括:网络信息、用户信息和业务信息;The network transmission information specifically includes: network information, user information and business information;
所述网络信息包括:网络状态信息和/或网络能力信息;所述网络状态信息包括以下之一或者任意组合:小区负荷信息、无线网络状态;所述网络能力信息包括:无线网络带宽和/或网络传输时延;The network information includes: network status information and/or network capability information; the network status information includes one or any combination of the following: cell load information, wireless network status; the network capability information includes: wireless network bandwidth and/or network transmission delay;
所述用户信息包括以下之一或者任意组合:用户位置信息、用户代理UA信息、用户标识信息。The user information includes one or any combination of the following: user location information, user agent UA information, and user identification information.
所述共享字段具体包括:用于承载网络状态信息的网络状态信息共享字段以及用于承载网络能力信息的网络能力信息共享字段;The shared field specifically includes: a network state information shared field for carrying network state information and a network capability information shared field for carrying network capability information;
所述网络状态信息共享字段为固定长度的共享字段;The network state information shared field is a fixed-length shared field;
所述网络能力信息共享字段为不固定长度的共享字段,且路径网元设备能够在所述网络能力信息共享字段中添加本路径网元设备的网络能力信息。The network capability information sharing field is a sharing field with an indefinite length, and the path network element device can add the network capability information of the path network element device in the network capability information sharing field.
其中,本发明装置的各个模块可以集成于一体,也可以分离部署。上述模块可以合并为一个模块,也可以进一步拆分成多个子模块。Wherein, each module of the device of the present invention can be integrated into one body, or can be deployed separately. The above modules can be combined into one module, or can be further split into multiple sub-modules.
实施例四Embodiment four
基于与上述方法同样的发明构思,本发明实施例中还提供了一种应用服务器,如图5所示,所述应用服务器具体包括:Based on the same inventive concept as the above method, an application server is also provided in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5, the application server specifically includes:
接收模块31,用于接收终端设备通过路径网元设备向本应用服务器发送的业务数据包,所述业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中携带了网络传输信息;The receiving module 31 is used to receive the service data packet sent by the terminal device to the application server through the path network element device, and the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet carries network transmission information;
处理模块32,用于利用所述业务数据包中携带的网络传输信息进行相应处理。The processing module 32 is configured to use the network transmission information carried in the service data packet to perform corresponding processing.
所述应用服务器还包括:The application server also includes:
发送模块33,用于将网络传输信息添加到业务数据包的协议头的共享字段中,并通过路径网元设备向所述终端设备发送携带了网络传输信息的业务数据包。The sending module 33 is configured to add the network transmission information to the shared field of the protocol header of the service data packet, and send the service data packet carrying the network transmission information to the terminal device through the path network element device.
所述协议头具体为:互联网协议第四版IPv4协议头、或者互联网协议第六版IPv6协议头、或者传输控制协议TCP协议头、或者超文本传输协议HTTP协议头、或者隧道协议头;当所述协议头为IPv4协议头、或者IPv6协议头、或者TCP协议头、或者隧道协议头时,所述共享字段采用二进制编码方式扩展;当所述协议头为HTTP协议头时,所述共享字段采用字符串方式扩展。The protocol header is specifically: the IPv4 protocol header of the fourth version of the Internet Protocol, or the IPv6 protocol header of the sixth version of the Internet Protocol, or the TCP protocol header of the Transmission Control Protocol, or the HTTP protocol header of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol, or the tunnel protocol header; When the protocol header is an IPv4 protocol header, or an IPv6 protocol header, or a TCP protocol header, or a tunnel protocol header, the shared field adopts a binary encoding mode to expand; when the protocol header is an HTTP protocol header, the shared field adopts String mode expansion.
所述网络传输信息具体包括:网络信息、用户信息和业务信息;The network transmission information specifically includes: network information, user information and business information;
所述网络信息包括:网络状态信息和/或网络能力信息;所述网络状态信息包括以下之一或者任意组合:小区负荷信息、无线网络状态;所述网络能力信息包括:无线网络带宽和/或网络传输时延;The network information includes: network status information and/or network capability information; the network status information includes one or any combination of the following: cell load information, wireless network status; the network capability information includes: wireless network bandwidth and/or network transmission delay;
所述用户信息包括以下之一或者任意组合:用户位置信息、用户代理UA信息、用户标识信息。The user information includes one or any combination of the following: user location information, user agent UA information, and user identification information.
所述共享字段具体包括:用于承载网络状态信息的网络状态信息共享字段以及用于承载网络能力信息的网络能力信息共享字段;The shared field specifically includes: a network state information shared field for carrying network state information and a network capability information shared field for carrying network capability information;
所述网络状态信息共享字段为固定长度的共享字段;The network state information shared field is a fixed-length shared field;
所述网络能力信息共享字段为不固定长度的共享字段,且路径网元设备能够在所述网络能力信息共享字段中添加本路径网元设备的网络能力信息。The network capability information sharing field is a sharing field with an indefinite length, and the path network element device can add the network capability information of the path network element device in the network capability information sharing field.
其中,本发明装置的各个模块可以集成于一体,也可以分离部署。上述模块可以合并为一个模块,也可以进一步拆分成多个子模块。Wherein, each module of the device of the present invention can be integrated into one body, or can be deployed separately. The above modules can be combined into one module, or can be further split into multiple sub-modules.
通过以上的实施方式的描述,本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到本发明可借助软件加必需的通用硬件平台的方式来实现,当然也可以通过硬件,但很多情况下前者是更佳的实施方式。基于这样的理解,本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来,该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中,包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机,服务器,或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述的方法。Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can be realized by means of software plus a necessary general-purpose hardware platform, and of course also by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation Way. Based on this understanding, the essence of the technical solution of the present invention or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to make a A computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) executes the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
本领域技术人员可以理解附图只是一个优选实施例的示意图,附图中的模块或流程并不一定是实施本发明所必须的。Those skilled in the art can understand that the drawing is only a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment, and the modules or processes in the drawing are not necessarily necessary for implementing the present invention.
本领域技术人员可以理解实施例中的装置中的模块可以按照实施例描述进行分布于实施例的装置中,也可以进行相应变化位于不同于本实施例的一个或多个装置中。上述实施例的模块可以合并为一个模块,也可以进一步拆分成多个子模块。Those skilled in the art can understand that the modules in the device in the embodiment can be distributed in the device in the embodiment according to the description in the embodiment, and can also be changed and located in one or more devices different from the device in the embodiment. The modules in the above embodiments can be combined into one module, and can also be further divided into multiple sub-modules.
上述本发明实施例序号仅仅为了描述,不代表实施例的优劣。The serial numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are for description only, and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.
以上公开的仅为本发明的几个具体实施例,但是,本发明并非局限于此,任何本领域的技术人员能思之的变化都应落入本发明的保护范围。The above disclosures are only a few specific embodiments of the present invention, however, the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes conceivable by those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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