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CN104206163A - Culture method for peanuts - Google Patents

Culture method for peanuts Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104206163A
CN104206163A CN201410490718.3A CN201410490718A CN104206163A CN 104206163 A CN104206163 A CN 104206163A CN 201410490718 A CN201410490718 A CN 201410490718A CN 104206163 A CN104206163 A CN 104206163A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
peanut
kilograms
fertilizer
sowing
cultivation method
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201410490718.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
胡德龙
蔡善亚
刘艳
魏跃
杨光梅
史红林
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry
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Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry filed Critical Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry
Priority to CN201410490718.3A priority Critical patent/CN104206163A/en
Publication of CN104206163A publication Critical patent/CN104206163A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

The invention discloses a culture method for peanuts, and belongs to the technical field of crop culture. The method comprises the following steps: I, fertilizing; II, drying seeds in the sun; III, selecting seeds; IV, sowing; V, preventing and controlling pests; VI, harvesting. According to the culture method for peanuts, compound fertilizers are applied, so that the dosage of chemical fertilizers is lowered; underground pests are prevented and controlled by adopting a plurality of ways, so that the defect of easiness in breeding pests in peanuts is overcome; reasonable culture and scientific fertilizing methods are adopted, so that the peanut yield can be increased, and the economical benefit is increased.

Description

One cultivation method of cultivating peanut
Invention field
The present invention relates to a cultivation method of cultivating peanut, belong to arviculture technical field.
Background technology
Peanut is the important economic crops of China, is rich in fat and protein, and contains the multivitamins such as thiamine, vitamin b3, niacin, content of mineral substances is also very abundant, particularly contain the necessary amino acid of human body, have promotion brain cell development, strengthen the function of memory; It is edible both, also can feed use, and be the important raw material of industry, be again large exporting.
But in prior art, peanut easily infested and output is difficult to improve.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method of cultivating peanut, be conducive to improve the output of peanut, reduce peanut damage by disease and insect.
Technical scheme: for achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of peanut cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, fertilising
Freeze-up front whole ground, 15 ~ 30 kilograms of every mu of application of organic fertilizers when whole ground; Before plantation, rake the soil level, use 8 ~ 10 kilograms of fertilizer specially for peanut for every mu;
Step 2, bask seeds
Within before peeling off 3 ~ 4 days, bask seeds, select fine day, connect and shine 2 ~ 3 days, then peel off; Sow and dial shell the last week;
In step 3, seed selection
Before sowing, shelled peanut is carried out to grain-by-grain seed selection, rejecting is that germinate, mouldy, fragmentation, and is 25 ~ 35/ounce according to one-level rice, and second heads rice is that the standard of 35 ~ 40/ounce is carried out classification to shelled peanut, selects one-level to follow the shelled peanut of secondary as seed;
In step 4, sowing
Sowing when 5cm ground temperature is stabilized in more than 15 DEG C below earth's surface, carries out the single file plantation of single ridge, row spacing 45cm, and spacing in the rows 14.5 ~ 15cm, 2, every cave, when sowing, land used hawk seed dressing is dressed seed, and requires one-level rice bunch planting different crop seeds, second heads rice bunch planting different crop seeds;
Step 5, the control of underground worm
The underground worm control of peanut, the one, deep ploughing autumn and winter: insect is translated into ground, make it be exposed to the sun, freeze to death or be pecked at by sparrow, reduce worm source; The 2nd, farmyard manure is used and is frontly fully become thoroughly decomposed; The 3rd, utilize limit, field, the edge of a field, near the scattered vacant lot of irrigation canals and ditches, dibbling castor-oil plant;
Step 6, results
Select artificial or mechanical harvest for fine day; After playing receipts, shine with regard to shakedown, shine while having sound to pod shake, transport threshing ground stacking back, pod, continues air-dry outwardly; Approximately, through 30d, after being fully dried, pluck fruit, remove blighted grain, more fully airing, can put storage in storage.
In step 1, before whole ground, first apply base manure and plough soil, every mu, base manure is executed 20 kilograms of farmyard manures, 25 kilograms of composite fertilizers, 25 kilograms of superphosphate.
In step 1, spray respectively foliage fertilizer in peanut initial bloom stage, floricome phase and the later stage of bearing pods, respectively spray once, use biogen 100ml for every mu and be watered 40 ~ 50 kilograms.
In step 1, also apply chemical fertilizer, the percentage by weight of fertilizer and chemical fertilizer is 100:1, and wherein, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, micro-fertile percentage by weight are 3.1:0.9:2.9:0.3.
In step 5, the control of underground worm adopts physical control, and the one, the trapping of medicine branch, the adult peak period of being unearthed, fresh elm branch is cut into 50 ~ 70 centimeter length, 3 ~ 5 are bundled into 1, are evenly sprayed on branch with 500 ~ 800 times of liquid of 90% trichlorphon, insert in Peanut Fields at dusk, insert 4 ~ 5 for every mu, pack up and be stored in dark moist place the 2nd day morning, take out use more at dusk, one medicine branch with 2 ~ 3 days; The 2nd, fire heap lures worm, and the time-division is selected, under the many trees of adult, to pile up the combustibles such as crops straw or hay at dusk, lights rear shake tree body, and adult will fly into Huo Dui.
In step 5, the control of underground worm adopts chemical control, and when seedbed preparation, insecticide is mixed wheat bran, imposes on field face, shallowly ploughs under soil or is spread in seed furrow, sowing afterwards; Or insecticide is admixed to fertilizer and make base manure and use, late June and late July mix wheat bran at chafer hatching Sheng phase and juvenile stage with phoxim and are sprinkling upon peanut rhizosphere, and shallow hoe buries; Or with 50% phoxim or 1000 times of liquid irrigating roots of 90% chlorophos.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the cultivation method of peanut of the present invention, by being to adopt fertilizer composite in fertilising, has reduced chemical fertilizer usage amount; By adopting various ways to prevent and treat underground worm, overcome easily infested defect of peanut; By the fertilizing method of rational cultivation and science, can accomplish to improve peanut yield, per mu yield is promoted to 420 kilograms by 360 kilograms, has improved economic benefit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described further.
One cultivation method of cultivating peanut, comprises the following steps: one, fertilising; Two, bask seeds; Three, seed selection; Four, sowing; Five, worm control; Six, results.
Step 1, fertilising, freeze-up front whole ground, 15 ~ 30 kilograms of every mu of applicationss of farmyard manure when whole ground; Before plantation, rake the soil level, use 8 ~ 10 kilograms of fertilizer specially for peanut for every mu; General every mu of base manure is executed 20 kilograms of farmyard manures, 25 kilograms of composite fertilizers, and 25 kilograms of superphosphate, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields before whole ground, plough soil;
When fertilising, be additionally noted that (1) is taking organic manure as main, inorganic fertilizer is auxiliary; Fertilizer nutrient is complete, can increase soil aggregate, improves soil physical and chemical property, and is of value to rhizobium activity, increases sources of nitrogen; The percentage by weight of organic manure and chemical fertilizer is 100:1, can reduce the loss of inorganic fertilizer and fix; (2) use sufficient base manure, suitably topdress; Fertilizer is made base manure, is using sufficient in base manure situation, should be according to growing state, impose with quick-acting fertilizer timely and appropriate discovery; (3) nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, micro-fertile percentage by weight are 3.1:0.9:2.9:0.3; (4) spray foliage fertilizer, respectively spray once in peanut initial bloom stage, floricome phase and the later stage of bearing pods, use biogen 100ml for every mu and be watered 40 ~ 50 kilograms, even spraying.
Step 2, bask seeds, within before peeling off 3 ~ 4 days, bask seeds, to improve germination capacity of seeds, kill kind of a shell bacterium.Select fine day, connect and shine 2 ~ 3 days, then peel off; While basking seeds, directly do not shine on concrete floor, often stir; Preferably sow and dial shell the last week, too early unsuitable.
In step 3, seed selection, before sowing, shelled peanut is carried out to grain-by-grain seed selection, rejecting is that germinate, mouldy, fragmentation, and is 25 ~ 35/ounce according to one-level rice, second heads rice is that the standard of 35 ~ 40/ounce is carried out classification to shelled peanut, selects one-level to follow the shelled peanut of secondary as seed.
In step 4, sowing, sowing when 5cm ground temperature is stabilized in more than 15 DEG C below earth's surface, carry out the single file plantation of single ridge, row spacing 45cm, spacing in the rows 14.5 ~ 15cm, 2, every cave, when sowing, land used hawk seed dressing is dressed seed, and requires one-level rice bunch planting different crop seeds, second heads rice bunch planting different crop seeds, must guard against mixed seeding, in order to avoid occur in process of growth that seedlings take advantage of the phenomenon of seedling.
Step 5, the control of underground worm, the underground worm control of peanut, the one, season in autumn (winter) deep ploughing: insect is translated into ground, make it be exposed to the sun, freeze to death or be pecked at by sparrow, reduce worm source; The 2nd, farmyard manure is used and is frontly fully become thoroughly decomposed; The 3rd, utilize limit, field, the edge of a field, near the scattered vacant lot of irrigation canals and ditches, dibbling castor-oil plant.Physical control, the one, the trapping of medicine branch, the unearthed peak period of general adult, is cut into 50 ~ 70 centimeter length by fresh elm branch, and 3 ~ 5 are bundled into 1, evenly be sprayed on branch with 500 ~ 800 times of liquid of 90% trichlorphon, insert in Peanut Fields at dusk, insert 4 ~ 5 for every mu, pack up and be stored in dark moist place the 2nd day morning, at dusk take out use again, one can be with 2 ~ 3 days medicine branch; The 2nd, fire heap lures worm, and the time-division is selected, under the many trees of adult, to pile up the combustibles such as crops straw or hay at dusk, lights rear shake tree body, and adult will fly into Huo Dui; Chemical control, when seedbed preparation, insecticide is mixed wheat bran, imposes on field face, the shallow soil that ploughs under; Or be spread in seed furrow sowing afterwards; Also insecticide can be admixed to fertilizer makees base manure and uses; Late June and late July mix wheat bran at chafer hatching Sheng phase and juvenile stage with phoxim and are sprinkling upon peanut rhizosphere, and shallow hoe buries, also can be with 50% phoxim or 1000 times of liquid irrigating roots of 90% chlorophos.
Step 6, results, select artificial or mechanical harvest for fine day; After playing receipts, shine with regard to shakedown, shine while having sound to pod shake, transport threshing ground stacking back, pod, continues air-dry outwardly; Approximately, through 30d, after being fully dried, pluck fruit, remove blighted grain, more fully airing, can put storage in storage.

Claims (6)

1. a cultivation method of cultivating peanut, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, fertilising
Freeze-up front whole ground, 15 ~ 30 kilograms of every mu of application of organic fertilizers when whole ground; Before plantation, rake the soil level, use 8 ~ 10 kilograms of fertilizer specially for peanut for every mu;
Step 2, bask seeds
Within before peeling off 3 ~ 4 days, bask seeds, select fine day, connect and shine 2 ~ 3 days, then peel off; Sow and dial shell the last week;
In step 3, seed selection
Before sowing, shelled peanut is carried out to grain-by-grain seed selection, rejecting is that germinate, mouldy, fragmentation, and is 25 ~ 35/ounce according to one-level rice, and second heads rice is that the standard of 35 ~ 40/ounce is carried out classification to shelled peanut, selects one-level to follow the shelled peanut of secondary as seed;
In step 4, sowing
Sowing when 5cm ground temperature is stabilized in more than 15 DEG C below earth's surface, carries out the single file plantation of single ridge, row spacing 45cm, and spacing in the rows 14.5 ~ 15cm, 2, every cave, when sowing, land used hawk seed dressing is dressed seed, and requires one-level rice bunch planting different crop seeds, second heads rice bunch planting different crop seeds;
Step 5, the control of underground worm
The underground worm control of peanut, the one, deep ploughing autumn and winter: insect is translated into ground, make it be exposed to the sun, freeze to death or be pecked at by sparrow, reduce worm source; The 2nd, farmyard manure is used and is frontly fully become thoroughly decomposed; The 3rd, utilize limit, field, the edge of a field, near the scattered vacant lot of irrigation canals and ditches, dibbling castor-oil plant;
Step 6, results
Select artificial or mechanical harvest for fine day; After playing receipts, shine with regard to shakedown, shine while having sound to pod shake, transport threshing ground stacking back, pod, continues air-dry outwardly; Approximately, through 30d, after being fully dried, pluck fruit, remove blighted grain, more fully airing, can put storage in storage.
2. the cultivation method of peanut according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 1, before whole ground, first apply base manure and plough soil, every mu, base manure is executed 20 kilograms of farmyard manures, 25 kilograms of composite fertilizers, 25 kilograms of superphosphate.
3. the cultivation method of peanut according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 1, spray respectively foliage fertilizer in peanut initial bloom stage, floricome phase and the later stage of bearing pods, respectively spray once, use biogen 100ml for every mu and be watered 40 ~ 50 kilograms.
4. the cultivation method of peanut according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 1, also apply chemical fertilizer, the percentage by weight of fertilizer and chemical fertilizer is 100:1, and wherein, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, micro-fertile percentage by weight are 3.1:0.9:2.9:0.3.
5. the cultivation method of peanut according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 5, underground worm control adopts physical control, the one, the trapping of medicine branch, the adult peak period of being unearthed, is cut into 50 ~ 70 centimeter length by fresh elm branch, and 3 ~ 5 are bundled into 1, evenly be sprayed on branch with 500 ~ 800 times of liquid of 90% trichlorphon, insert in Peanut Fields at dusk, insert 4 ~ 5 for every mu, pack up and be stored in dark moist place the 2nd day morning, take out at dusk use again, one medicine branch with 2 ~ 3 days; The 2nd, fire heap lures worm, and the time-division is selected, under the many trees of adult, to pile up the combustibles such as crops straw or hay at dusk, lights rear shake tree body, and adult will fly into Huo Dui.
6. the cultivation method of peanut according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 5, the control of underground worm adopts chemical control, and when seedbed preparation, insecticide is mixed wheat bran, imposes on field face, shallowly ploughs under soil or is spread in seed furrow, sowing afterwards; Or insecticide is admixed to fertilizer and make base manure and use, late June and late July mix wheat bran at chafer hatching Sheng phase and juvenile stage with phoxim and are sprinkling upon peanut rhizosphere, and shallow hoe buries; Or with 50% phoxim or 1000 times of liquid irrigating roots of 90% chlorophos.
CN201410490718.3A 2014-09-24 2014-09-24 Culture method for peanuts Pending CN104206163A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104686007A (en) * 2015-02-11 2015-06-10 山东省花生研究所 Peanut seed selection method capable of saving cost, improving efficiency and enhancing emerging speed
CN105418311A (en) * 2015-11-30 2016-03-23 梁小宁 Planting method of peanuts
CN105532254A (en) * 2016-01-29 2016-05-04 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 Chemical control method for raising oil content of spring peanuts
CN105638222A (en) * 2016-02-18 2016-06-08 太仓市丰缘农场专业合作社 High-yield and early-maturing planting method for peanuts
CN105753532A (en) * 2016-01-26 2016-07-13 和县聂兴圩蔬菜种植有限责任公司 Fertilizing method for peanuts
CN106613106A (en) * 2016-10-29 2017-05-10 安徽禾泉农庄生态农业有限公司 High-yield peanut planting method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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JPH0310632A (en) * 1989-06-07 1991-01-18 Yoshiyuki Nagata Pest control implement and method of pest control using same
CN102057829A (en) * 2010-10-29 2011-05-18 山东鲁花种业有限公司 High-yield cultivation method for peanuts
CN103460969A (en) * 2013-09-27 2013-12-25 恩施京州农业发展有限公司 High-yield cultivation method for softening high-mountain rhizome of mioga bamboo shoots
CN103477830A (en) * 2013-09-10 2014-01-01 天津坂结土壤肥料技术开发有限公司 Planting method for increasing peanut yield

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JPS54109964A (en) * 1978-01-28 1979-08-29 Ciba Geigy Ag Furanone compound*its manufacture and microbicide containing it as active component
JPH0310632A (en) * 1989-06-07 1991-01-18 Yoshiyuki Nagata Pest control implement and method of pest control using same
CN102057829A (en) * 2010-10-29 2011-05-18 山东鲁花种业有限公司 High-yield cultivation method for peanuts
CN103477830A (en) * 2013-09-10 2014-01-01 天津坂结土壤肥料技术开发有限公司 Planting method for increasing peanut yield
CN103460969A (en) * 2013-09-27 2013-12-25 恩施京州农业发展有限公司 High-yield cultivation method for softening high-mountain rhizome of mioga bamboo shoots

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Title
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104686007A (en) * 2015-02-11 2015-06-10 山东省花生研究所 Peanut seed selection method capable of saving cost, improving efficiency and enhancing emerging speed
CN104686007B (en) * 2015-02-11 2017-02-01 山东省花生研究所 Peanut seed selection method capable of saving cost, improving efficiency and enhancing emerging speed
CN105418311A (en) * 2015-11-30 2016-03-23 梁小宁 Planting method of peanuts
CN105753532A (en) * 2016-01-26 2016-07-13 和县聂兴圩蔬菜种植有限责任公司 Fertilizing method for peanuts
CN105532254A (en) * 2016-01-29 2016-05-04 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 Chemical control method for raising oil content of spring peanuts
CN105638222A (en) * 2016-02-18 2016-06-08 太仓市丰缘农场专业合作社 High-yield and early-maturing planting method for peanuts
CN106613106A (en) * 2016-10-29 2017-05-10 安徽禾泉农庄生态农业有限公司 High-yield peanut planting method

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Application publication date: 20141217