CN1041630A - 铺地面结构及建造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种铺地面结构,包括(A)在地面之下的预留空间里铺设的用于取暖的放热物体;(B)在该空间里灌注具有粘弹性和/或弹性并能保持水的集热材料;以及建造这种铺地面结构的方法。
Description
本发明涉及一种铺地面结构,这种结构具有优良取暖效果和极优衬垫功能,还涉及这种地面的建造方法。
在地面取暖系统中,常规方式是在地表面之下铺上放热物体,例如供循环热水的管道或类似装置。在这种类型的地面加热装置中,必须在所铺地面之下靠近所述放热物体处设置集热材料,用以快速和有效地起到取暖作用。为了贮存这些热量,必须用一种蓄热材料,它应有很高集热功能、适当导热率、价格不高并且还能保证地表面的舒适性。
常规方式是采用混凝土作为此种集热材料。但是混凝土没有弹性,所以当把铺地材料、他他密垫(稻草垫)等等铺上去而成为地表面之后,在上面行走时有一种硬感而不舒适,从使用者的健康来讲是不合要求的。此外,若是放热物体出了毛病,维修和修补也比较困难。
本发明的目的是针对上述常规方式的缺点而提供具有优良取暖效果和极优衬垫作用的铺地面结构。
本发明的目的还包括提供一种建造地面的方法,使地面结构能在现场方便地建造,并可提高取暖效率。
本发明达到上述目的的方法是提供一种铺地面结构,其中在地面之下准备的空间里铺置一种用于取暖的放热物体,并在该空间中充填一种既具有粘弹性或弹性并能保持水的集热材料。
本发明的铺地面结构的建造方法是在铺地表面之下准备一个封闭的空间,让空间的一部分是打开的,把取暖用的放热物体铺置在这个封闭空间里。然后把水和保持在可流动状态的成形剂注入到封闭空间里,在这个空间形成所述集热材料。这种集热材料具有粘弹性或弹性性质,并且能保持水。
在集热材料中保持的水具有很大热容量和适宜的导热率。从放热物体放出的热量贮存在地面之下的集热材料中,并且传递到地表面。水是保持在该种集热材料中,并且基本上没有水淌出来,所以地面不需要复杂的防水结构。此外,这种集热材料也可用作为衬垫材料,提供行走的舒适感。
这种集热材料是在建造现场形成,所以供应物料容易搬运。这种集热材料还可以在已有的作为放热物体的水管上形成,从而集热材料和热水管及地面下表面的接触是十分良好的。
由下述优选方案并结合附图来阐明本发明的目的、技术特征和优越性。
图1是按本发明的铺地面结构实例的部分剖面图。
在图1中所示是本发明的一种铺地面结构,这是一幢木房的楼下地面。在图1中,在地基11之上建造成混凝土地面基础板15。在此图中,13表示钢筋;17表示混凝土块;19表示回填材料;21表示按本发明的铺地面结构所用防水聚乙烯薄膜。在槛条23上装设搁栅27,在搁栅27上形成由铺地面材料(如铺板、他他密垫等)构成的地表面31。在地表面31之下的封闭空间里,在基础板15之上部和外部(亦即搁栅27的外周边之内)装设绝热材料33,例如用泡沫聚苯乙烯等等,于是只留下地表面31。此外,在该封闭空间的地表面31之下,铺设多条热水管35作为放热物体,并且在这个封闭空间里填满集热材料41。在铺地面材料与集热材料41接触的那一面,需要进行防水处理,可以在这个面上涂刷或喷涂一种防水药剂。
用于本发明的集热材料41是一种具粘弹性和/或弹性的材料,并能保持水,例如使水处于一种凝胶或类似的形式。
当把热水通过热水管35以加热地面时,集热材料41就被这些热量加热,然后热量又传递到整个铺地表面31。在本发明中,整个铺地结构除铺地表面31之外都是被绝热材料33连续地包封,并且这种含水的集热材料有很大热容量和适当的导热率。因此可以实现以很高热效率进行地面取暖。此外,还可以迅速出现取暖效果。另外,该种集热材料41还具有粘弹性和/或弹性,所以衬垫功能更优,行走更舒适。
既具有粘弹性和弹性并且能保持水的集热材料41例如有:能保持水的经交联的高分子量亲水聚乙烯醇(PVA)或类似物;含水和硅酸钠的混合物;胶凝的材料,例如一种胶冻状材料;强吸水性高分子量材料,如淀粉、以纤维素为基础的聚丙烯酸类材料,能吸收并保持水的PVA/聚丙烯酸类材料。这些材料能吸收并能保持水分,并且该保持有水的物体具有粘弹性和/或弹性。
另外,在含水的集热材料中分散一种细粉末状无机材料,可以提高传热性能。
在各种工业废料中,有许多是需要废弃处理的费用的。例如有许多种胶体形态的细粉末无机物质的浆状液或水中悬浮液。对于这类浆状液或水中悬浮液还没有简便的固-液分离方法。一般是将之过滤、搅成糊、干燥、然后焚化。例如在铝表面处理厂中,铝的表面用硫酸或硝酸等洗涤,但因为洗涤水未经过处理就不能排弃,所以要用NaOH等中和。但中和之后形成不溶于水的物质。其主要成分是氢氧化铝和硫酸铝,它们以胶体状悬浮,即使用凝结剂也不容易分离出来。因此,在将其上部清液作为废水弃去后,还需要处理余下的悬浮液或浆状液,于是如前所述要花费一定的处理费用。
借助于将这类悬浮液或浆状液转化为凝胶并将之成形,可以得到具粘弹性和/或弹性并能保持水的材料。这种材料适于用作为本发明的集热材料。于是就不必须处理这种含悬浮物的废水,这样不仅可以有效利用一种工业废物,也可以降低集热材料成本,也就是降低建筑造价。
举例来讲,若将上述的悬浮液或浆状液与水玻璃混合,或与粉末状硅酸钠混合并加热,或是向聚乙烯醇亲水聚合物加入一种交联剂并与该悬浮液或浆状液进行交联,就可以得到具粘弹性和弹性的集热材料并以保持有水的状态成形。关于该成形剂例如水玻璃的用量可以根据该悬浮液或浆状液中水的含量来确定。
该种集热材料41也可以在事先制备,然后在建筑现场填装。将水或一种悬浮液或浆状液与一种成形剂(胶凝剂、高分子量交联剂等等)例如水玻璃混合,并且趁着混合物还有流动性时注入到铺地表面31之下的空间里,随后在这个空间里硬化而成形。借助于此种方法,使集热材料41与热水管35和铺地表面的下部密切接触,并且从热水管35发散的热量高效而迅速地传给铺地表面31。在铺装地面时,将铺地表面31留下一部分是打开的,将制备集热材料41所用物料通过这个开口而灌入该封闭空间。由于这些物料流动性很好,应用小型的泵就很容易运送。还有,由于物料在注入该封闭空间之前一般都是液体或粉末,所以都很容易运送。
本发明的铺地面结构也可应用于在楼上铺设地面。在此种情况下,除有上述各个效果外,在发生火灾时由于在集热材料中保持有水,有防止火势蔓延的效果。
如果采用了本发明的铺地面结构,借助于向铺装的地面之下空间灌注保持水并具有粘弹性和/或弹性的集热材料,可以得到高效取暖和良好衬垫的效果。
此外,若使用凝胶形式的集热材料,由于这种材料具有很高(粘)弹性,甚至可以达到更优越的衬垫效果。
如果能利用悬浮液或浆状液形式的铝表面酸洗工厂的工业废料加工成形并作为该种集热材料,除能够有效利用资源之外,还可降低建筑造价。
若在建筑现场实施本发明方法,操作是简便易行的,并且可使各个部分接触良好,从而可促进传热,提高取暖效果。
实施例
按图1所示的相同方式铺装地面结构。使铺地表面31的一部分不封闭,按下述方法将集热材料41灌注到铺地表面31之下的空间中。
将1份(重量,下同)的硅酸钠粉末加入到3份铝表面处理工厂的浆状废液中,该浆状液主要成分是氢氧化铝。将此混合物搅拌加热。该混合物一经开始加热,就开始慢速胶凝,于是趁着还能流动的时候把该混合物料用泵灌注到铺地表面31之下的空间里,然后任其硬化。将这个开口封闭,得到按本发明的铺地结构。
当在热水管道中通过热水时,地面被迅速加热。此外,在热水循环一定时间后,即使将热水流切断,取暖效果仍可以保持相当长时间。
Claims (4)
1、一种铺设地面结构,该结构中包括:
一种用于取暖的放热物体,该物体是铺设在地面之下所预留的空间里;以及
一种具有粘弹性和/或弹性性质并能于其中保持水的集热材料,并将该种材料灌注到所述空间里。
2、按权利要求1的铺地面结构,其中所述集热材料是一种凝胶形式。
3、按权利要求1的铺地面结构,其中所述集热材料是能保持废水的物料,所述废水含有来自铝表面处理工艺过程的悬浮的微细颗粒。
4、一种建造铺地面结构的方法,所述结构包括一种用于取暖的放热物体并将物体铺设在地面之下预留的空间里,并于所述空间里灌注有一种具粘弹性和/或弹性性质并能于其中保持水的集热材料,该方法包括以下步骤:
在铺地表面之下提供所述封闭空间,并且该空间有一部分是打开的;
在所述封闭空间铺设用于取暖的放热物体;
将保持于可流动状态的水和一种成形剂灌注到所述空间里,并在所述封闭空间里形成所述集热材料。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP250525/88 | 1988-10-03 | ||
| JP63250525A JP2597337B2 (ja) | 1988-10-03 | 1988-10-03 | 床構造および床施工法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1041630A true CN1041630A (zh) | 1990-04-25 |
| CN1037287C CN1037287C (zh) | 1998-02-04 |
Family
ID=17209191
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN89107782A Expired - Fee Related CN1037287C (zh) | 1988-10-03 | 1989-10-03 | 一种地板结构及其建造方法 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5115969A (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2597337B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR960010321B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1037287C (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA1329972C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE3933004C2 (zh) |
| GB (1) | GB2223568B (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110040185A (zh) * | 2018-01-17 | 2019-07-23 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | 一种客车及其地板 |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0458560B1 (en) * | 1990-05-21 | 1994-10-26 | Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Heat protection element |
| GB9717688D0 (en) * | 1997-08-22 | 1997-10-29 | Univ Bradford | Energy absorption |
| DE10100926C1 (de) * | 2001-01-10 | 2002-04-18 | Felix Mueller | Fußbodenheizsystem |
| US8382004B2 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2013-02-26 | Graftech International Holdings Inc. | Flexible graphite flooring heat spreader |
| US20070119301A1 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2007-05-31 | Fujio Abe | Humidity conditioner and humidity conditioning method using the same |
| US9453647B2 (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2016-09-27 | Bruce Kriens | Floor with radiant heat and method of construction |
| US20090001185A1 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-01-01 | Corvid Homes | Structural wall panels and methods and systems for controlling interior climates |
| US20100198414A1 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2010-08-05 | Kroll Steven C | Systems and methods for controlling interior climates |
| WO2010092519A2 (en) | 2009-02-13 | 2010-08-19 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Floor construction with variable grade of resilience |
| CN201411875Y (zh) * | 2009-06-11 | 2010-02-24 | 李新发 | 具有传热功能的龙骨 |
| KR102702167B1 (ko) * | 2021-06-10 | 2024-09-03 | 이천규 | 데크플레이트가 구성된 천장 시공방법 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB278195A (en) * | 1926-10-30 | 1927-10-06 | John Henry Francis | Improvements in or relating to the heating of rooms and the like |
| FR801355A (fr) * | 1935-01-31 | 1936-08-03 | Système de chauffage, procédé et dispositifs pour sa réalisation | |
| US4459973A (en) * | 1982-05-11 | 1984-07-17 | Royer George R | Solar panel construction for buildings |
| DE3300607A1 (de) * | 1983-01-11 | 1984-07-12 | Hans Dr.-Ing. 7410 Reutlingen Lutz | Fluessigkeitsflaechenheizung fuer fussboeden |
| DE3310280C2 (de) * | 1983-03-22 | 1985-08-22 | Günter 5902 Netphen Werthebach | Boden- und Wandaufbau mit einem Plattenbelag |
| JPS62162824A (ja) * | 1986-01-13 | 1987-07-18 | Sanpotsuto Kk | 暖房用マツト |
| US4817707A (en) * | 1986-09-26 | 1989-04-04 | Ryowa Corporation | Heating soft floor mat |
-
1988
- 1988-10-03 JP JP63250525A patent/JP2597337B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-09-28 CA CA000614036A patent/CA1329972C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-09-30 KR KR1019890014261A patent/KR960010321B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-10-03 GB GB8922217A patent/GB2223568B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-10-03 CN CN89107782A patent/CN1037287C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-10-03 US US07/416,454 patent/US5115969A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-10-03 DE DE3933004A patent/DE3933004C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110040185A (zh) * | 2018-01-17 | 2019-07-23 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | 一种客车及其地板 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA1329972C (en) | 1994-06-07 |
| GB2223568A (en) | 1990-04-11 |
| DE3933004C2 (de) | 1994-01-13 |
| GB2223568B (en) | 1993-02-17 |
| JP2597337B2 (ja) | 1997-04-02 |
| KR900006740A (ko) | 1990-05-08 |
| KR960010321B1 (ko) | 1996-07-30 |
| GB8922217D0 (en) | 1989-11-15 |
| US5115969A (en) | 1992-05-26 |
| CN1037287C (zh) | 1998-02-04 |
| JPH0297829A (ja) | 1990-04-10 |
| DE3933004A1 (de) | 1990-04-05 |
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