CN104165832B - A wireless measurement device and method for the concentration of non-spherical particles in a three-dimensional dense gas-solid system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a wireless measurement device for the concentration of non-spherical particles of a three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, which comprises magnetic control camera shooting particles, a magnetic control driving unit, a wireless signal receiving unit, a wireless remote controller and an image processing unit. The magnetic control camera shooting particles are coupled with the camera shooting and wireless signal transmitting and receiving functions and are arranged in the three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, the shape and the size of the magnetic control camera shooting particles are similar to those of non-spherical particles in the system, and the magnetic control camera shooting particles move randomly in a gas-solid flow field and move to a target area under the control of a magnetic control driving unit; scanning and shooting the distribution information of the surrounding bed layer by utilizing a camera inside the magnetic control shooting particles; and finally, transmitting the image signal to a wireless signal receiving and transmitting system outside the system in a wireless transmission mode, and obtaining the particle concentration through image processing. The measuring method and the device can obtain the intuitive particle distribution information in the bed layer under the random motion and magnetic control motion modes, and have the advantages of no interference to a flow field, real-time online measurement and the like.

Description

A wireless measurement device and method for the concentration of non-spherical particles in a three-dimensional dense gas-solid system

technical field

The invention relates to a wireless measurement method and device for the concentration of non-spherical particles in a three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, belonging to the technical field of multiphase flow measurement.

Background technique

Dense gas-solid systems are widely used in industrial production, especially in the fields of chemical industry and energy power. In these application processes, solid materials contain not only spherical particles but also non-spherical particles, such as solid waste rotary kiln combustion gasification, biomass straw fluidized bed combustion, spherical/non-spherical particle mixture fluidized separation, etc. Obviously, whether it is a physical treatment process or a chemical reaction process, the mass transfer, heat transfer and momentum transfer between materials are extremely important, which directly affects the process efficiency and product quality. Particle concentration is an important parameter of the reaction transfer process.

The measurement methods of particle concentration can generally be divided into direct method and indirect method. The most common direct method is the rapid sampling method. The basic method is: insert the sampler into the bed, suddenly close the sampling space to obtain solid particles, then take out the sampler, open the sampling space, and analyze the collected particles to obtain particle concentration. The advantage of this method is that the particle samples at the target point can be directly collected, but the disadvantages are also obvious. The sampler interferes with the flow field, and the target measurement area is limited by the sampling point. With the development of computer technology and advanced image processing technology, the camera method of directly obtaining particle images has also been widely used. The camera method can not only measure the spatial variation of particle concentration, but also obtain the change of particle concentration on the time scale. The disadvantage is that the spatial information of the particle concentration is limited to the two-dimensional information of the container wall, but it is powerless for the information inside the bed due to the occlusion of the solid particles in the dense system.

Multidisciplinary integration has promoted the rapid development of indirect methods, and indirect methods based on different principles have emerged one after another, such as differential pressure method based on pressure measurement, radiation method based on radiation technology, capacitance method based on capacitance tomography/flat panel probe. The differential pressure method indirectly calculates the particle concentration through the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream and the particle weight. Therefore, the particle concentration is the calm particle concentration in the local area of the bed, not the actual concentration at a certain point. When X or gamma rays pass through the bed, solid particles can absorb X or gamma rays, and the intensity of the transmitted rays is proportional to the concentration of the bed. The radiation method developed based on this principle must pay attention to the safety of radioactive substances, and the test Equipment is expensive. Capacitance tomography does not disturb the flow field, but its low spatial resolution limits its measurement range. Capacitance flat panel probe method can penetrate deep into the bed to measure its concentration, but the capacitive probe greatly disturbs the flow field.

From the above analysis, it can be seen that the current conventional measurement technology generally has problems such as disturbing the flow field, only obtaining apparent information, and not being able to measure on-line in real time. It is urgent to develop a new measurement method to overcome the defects of conventional measurement technology.

Contents of the invention

Purpose of the invention: The present invention aims at conventional particle concentration measurement devices that interfere with the flow field and cannot extract direct particle concentration information. Some measurement methods can only obtain apparent two-dimensional information and cannot achieve three-dimensional full-field measurement. Some measurement methods are only applicable Due to problems such as static measurement and inability to realize online real-time monitoring, a wireless measurement device and method for the concentration of non-spherical particles in a three-dimensional dense gas-solid system are provided.

Technical solution: In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a wireless measurement device for the concentration of non-spherical particles in a three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, including magnetic control imaging particles, magnetic control drive unit, wireless signal receiving unit, wireless remote control and image processing unit, where:

The magnetron imaging particle is arranged inside the three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, and its size is similar to the size of the non-spherical particle inside the three-dimensional dense gas-solid system. The magnetron imaging particle includes a transparent shell, which is connected to the transparent shell The inner core channel arranged coaxially with the body, the sliding channel between the transparent shell and the inner core channel, the camera unit arranged inside the sliding channel, the wireless signal control unit arranged inside the inner core channel, and respectively arranged Internal control electromagnets at both ends of the transparent housing, the internal control electromagnets are ordinary electromagnets;

The magnetic control drive unit is arranged in a ring outside the three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, and is used to regulate the magnetic field inside the three-dimensional dense gas-solid system;

The wireless signal receiving unit is arranged outside the three-dimensional dense gas-solid system and is electrically connected to the image processing unit for receiving wireless signals from the magnetically controlled imaging particles;

The wireless remote controller is arranged outside the three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, and the wireless remote controller is a current controller, which is used to send a control signal to the magnetic control imaging particles to change the current of the electromagnet so as to adjust the electromagnetic force of the internal control electromagnet;

The image processing unit is arranged outside the dense gas-solid system, and is used to analyze and process each dynamic picture taken by the magnetron imaging particles, so as to obtain the concentration of the particles.

Wherein, the camera unit includes a ring magnet, a telescoping ring, a light emitting diode, a camera, a convex lens and a concave lens, wherein the ring magnet and the telescoping ring are arranged concentrically in the sliding channel from the outside of the inner island, The convex lens and the concave lens are alternately arranged on the telescopic ring, the light-emitting diodes and the camera are alternately arranged on the ring magnet, the light-emitting diode is facing the concave lens, and the camera is facing the convex lens; The internal control electromagnet controls the movement of the ring magnet and the telescopic ring in the sliding channel. When the internal control electromagnet on one side works, the telescopic ring and the ring magnet move towards it at a speed of 2-5 mm/s. When the other side When the internal control electromagnet is working, the telescopic ring and ring magnet move to the other side at a speed of 2-5mm/s.

The wireless signal control unit includes an image sensor, a compression storage module, a signal controller, a wireless signal transceiver and a power supply sequentially arranged inside the inner core channel, and the power supply provides the energy required for the work of the entire magnetron imaging particle. The analog signal obtained from the camera unit is converted into a digital signal by the image sensor and compressed by the compression storage module. The compressed signal is sent to the outside through the wireless signal transmitter and receiver under the control of the signal controller. The wireless signal receiving unit and the wireless remote controller placed outside the three-dimensional dense gas-solid system and the wireless signal transmitter and receiver placed inside the magnetically controlled imaging particles are transmitted through wireless signals.

The magnetically controlled driving unit is composed of 3 to 5 sets of driving devices arranged in a ring outside the dense gas-solid system, and each driving device includes electromagnets, chains, driving sprockets, driven sprockets, stepping motors, frequency converters and The controller, wherein, the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket are horizontally arranged at intervals, and the chain is connected to the two sprockets respectively. When the driving sprocket rotates, the chain moves around the sprocket; the electromagnet is installed on the chain The upper part is connected with the controller and moves together with the chain. The controller is a current controller, which changes the magnetic force of the electromagnet by controlling the current; the stepper motor is directly connected with the driving sprocket and drives the driving sprocket to rotate ; The stepper motor is connected with a frequency converter, and the frequency converter is used to control the speed and steering of the motor.

The specific process of the described image processing unit analyzing and processing each dynamic photo taken by the magnetron imaging particles is as follows:

Take a pure red curtain as a fixed background, use magnetron imaging particles to take a background photo, and obtain the pixel value of the background photo at coordinates (x, y) f _{R , G, , B} (x, y)=(R, G, B);

Under the same background, use magnetron imaging particles to take static photos of each particle placed on the red curtain, and determine the optimal threshold T _i of each particle by analyzing the histogram, i=1, 2,..., n, wherein, n is the total number of particles;

Obtain the pixel value f _{r , g, , b} (x, y)=(r, g, b) of the dynamic photo at the coordinates (x, y), and the chromaticity of the background photo and the dynamic photo row by row and column by pixel Values are subtracted, if the sum of the absolute values of the differences of the three components is not less than the threshold T _i , the chromaticity value of the pixel is retained, otherwise the point is set to (0, 0, 0), that is, black;

The subtracted image is subjected to a morphological process of first expansion and then erosion to fill the small holes in the particles, connect adjacent particles and smooth the boundaries;

Count the number of pixels N _i occupied by each type of particle in the dynamic photo, i=1, 2, ..., n, n is the total number of particles, and obtain the concentration value of the target particle C _i =N _i /M, M is the dynamic photo total number of pixels.

In order to facilitate production, the shape of magnetron imaging particles can generally be selected as cylindrical, and the size of magnetron imaging particles can be determined by the following method: select 50 to 100 regular-shaped particles from the material to be detected, and count the number of these particles If the average diameter is d, the diameter of the magnetron imaging particles can be 0.9d-1.5d, and the length of the magnetron imaging particles can be selected to be about 50-80mm.

The present invention also proposes the application of the above-mentioned device in the wireless measurement of the concentration of non-spherical particles in a three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:

(1) Select a regular cylindrical material from the non-spherical particle material to be detected, count the average diameter of the cylindrical material as d, and make the cylindrical magnetron imaging particles so that the diameter ranges from 0.9d to 1.5d , and put it into the system together with other materials;

(2) In the random motion mode, the magnetron camera particles move randomly with other particles under the action of the gas-solid flow field, and take images of the surrounding particles. When shooting, the focal length of the camera is adjusted by stretching the telescopic ring;

(3) In the magnetic control motion mode, the magnetic control drive unit coordinates and controls the movement of multiple electromagnets and the change of electromagnetic force, so that the magnetic control imaging particles can move to any target area in the system. In the designated target area, the signal control By changing the magnetic force of the internal control electromagnet, the camera unit inside the particle moves within the particle at a speed of 2-5 mm/s to scan and capture images around the particle. At the same time, by coordinating and controlling the electromagnetic force of the internal control electromagnet, the magnetic control The rotation of camera particles in three-dimensional space;

(4) The analog signal obtained from the camera unit is processed by the wireless signal receiving unit and converted into a digital signal, compressed and sent to the outside, and then processed by the image processing unit to obtain the particle concentration.

In the above steps, the camera unit includes a ring magnet, a telescopic ring, a light emitting diode, a camera, a convex lens and a concave lens, wherein the ring magnet and the telescopic ring are concentrically arranged on the sliding surface from the outside of the inner island. In the channel, the convex lens and the concave lens are alternately arranged on the telescopic ring, the light-emitting diodes and the camera are alternately arranged on the ring magnet, the light-emitting diode is facing the concave lens, and the camera is facing the convex lens; The internal control electromagnet controls the movement of the ring magnet and the telescopic ring in the sliding channel. When the internal control electromagnet on one side works, the telescopic ring and the ring magnet move toward it at a speed of 2-5mm/s. When the internal control electromagnet on the other side works, the telescopic ring and the ring magnet move to the other side at a speed of 2-5mm/s.

The wireless signal control unit includes an image sensor, a compression storage module, a signal controller, a wireless signal transmitter and a power supply arranged sequentially inside the inner core channel, and the power supply provides the energy required for the work of the entire magnetron imaging particle; The analog signal obtained from the camera unit is converted into a digital signal by the image sensor of the wireless signal receiving unit, and compressed by the compression storage module. The compressed signal is sent to the outside through the wireless signal transmitter under the control of the signal controller.

The magnetically controlled driving unit is composed of 3 to 5 sets of driving devices arranged in a ring outside the dense gas-solid system, and each driving device includes electromagnets, chains, driving sprockets, driven sprockets, stepping motors, frequency converters and The controller, wherein, the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket are horizontally arranged at intervals, and the chain is connected to the two sprockets respectively. When the driving sprocket rotates, the chain moves around the sprocket; the electromagnet is installed on the chain The upper part is connected with the controller and moves together with the chain. The controller is a current controller, which changes the magnetic force of the electromagnet by controlling the current; the stepper motor is directly connected with the driving sprocket and drives the driving sprocket to rotate ; The stepper motor is connected with a frequency converter, and the frequency converter is used to control the speed and steering of the stepper motor.

Wherein, the specific process of each dynamic photo taken by the image processing unit analysis and processing magnetron imaging particles is:

Take a pure red curtain as a fixed background, use magnetron imaging particles to take a background photo, and obtain the pixel value of the background photo at coordinates (x, y) f _{R , G, , B} (x, y)=(R, G, B); Among them, x is the abscissa, y is the ordinate, R represents the pixel value of red, G represents the pixel value of green, and B represents the pixel value of blue;

Under the same background, use magnetron imaging particles to take static photos of each particle placed on the red curtain, and determine the optimal threshold T _i of each particle by analyzing the histogram, i=1, 2,..., n, wherein, n is the total number of particles;

Obtain the pixel value f _{r , g, , b} (x, y)=(r, g, b) of the dynamic photo at coordinates (x, y), where x is the abscissa, y is the ordinate, and r represents red Pixel value, g represents the green pixel value, b represents the blue pixel value; subtract the pixel values of the background photo and the dynamic photo row by row and column by pixel, if the sum of the absolute values of the differences of the three components is not less than Threshold T _i , then keep the chromaticity value of the pixel point, otherwise the point is set to (0, 0, 0), that is, black;

The subtracted image is subjected to a morphological process of first expansion and then erosion to fill the small holes in the particles, connect adjacent particles and smooth the boundaries;

Count the number of pixels N _i occupied by each type of particle in the dynamic photo, i=1, 2,..., n, n is the total number of particles, and obtain the concentration value of the target particle C _i =N _i /M, where M is the dynamic photo the total number of pixels.

Beneficial effects: Compared with conventional particle concentration measurement methods and devices, the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) No interference to the flow field: the traditional measurement method directly inserts the sampling tube or the probe into the bed to obtain the concentration information. Since the measurement device interferes with the gas-solid flow field, it will inevitably cause measurement errors. However, the present invention uses the measurement device Miniaturized and integrated inside the particles, it is used to simulate non-spherical particles and participate in the entire flow process. Although the non-spherical particles integrated with the micro-measurement device are in direct contact with the material particles, this is due to the gas-solid flow between particles and particles. Natural contact is not the contact between measuring equipment and materials, and there is no problem of disturbing the flow field;

(2) Intuitive internal particle distribution information can be obtained: Although the traditional camera method obtains direct particle distribution images, this information is only limited to the area near the side wall of the container, and due to the side wall effect, it cannot truly reflect the deeper inside of the container Level information, while the present invention improves the shooting mode of the traditional camera method, and places the camera inside the non-spherical particles, which can traverse the particle movement path and accurately capture the concentration information inside the bed;

(3) Real-time online measurement: In order not to interfere with the flow field to obtain the concentration information inside the bed, some improved measurement methods stop the operation of the bed and then take samples for measurement. The typical example is the bed collapse method. This method is a typical The off-line measurement method, the invention improves the wired signal transmission mode of the traditional imaging method, and uses the wireless transmission method to send the particle information inside the container to the receiver outside the container, which overcomes the disadvantages of the need to arrange data lines in the traditional measurement process, not only for obtaining Internal concentration information creates conditions and realizes real-time online measurement;

(4) Dual-mode operation: Conventional measurement methods are greatly limited in the measurement range, such as probe/probe-based measurement, which can only be measured at limited fixed points, such as camera-based visual measurement, which can only be measured at the edge wall transparent area measurement, and the measurement method of the present invention can switch between random movement mode and magnetic control movement mode, and the measurement device can measure while doing random movement in the airflow field, and can also be controlled by an external magnetic control device targeted measurement of a specific target area;

(5) dual-mode shooting mode: the conventional camera method is often that the camera is fixed on the outside of the bed to shoot in the transparent area, the shooting method is single, and the image information is one-sided. shooting, and can move along the particle axis, and take in more particle information around it by scanning. This dual-mode shooting method greatly enriches the image information.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the magnetically controlled imaging particle of the present invention, wherein: internal control electromagnet 1, transparent casing 2, sliding channel 3, convex lens 4, concave lens 5, camera 6, light emitting diode 7, image sensor 8, compression storage module 9. Controller 10, wireless signal transceiver 11, power supply 12, kernel channel 13;

Fig. 2 is the schematic cross-sectional view of the magnetron imaging particle of the present invention, wherein there are: transparent casing 2, convex lens 4, camera 6, light-emitting diode 7, kernel channel 13, telescoping ring 14, annular magnet 15; Wherein, represent camera;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of magnetic control drive unit of the present invention, wherein has: driving sprocket 16, driven sprocket 17, chain 18, electromagnet 19, stepper motor 20, frequency converter 21, controller 22;

Fig. 4 is the overall schematic diagram of the wireless measurement device of the non-spherical particle concentration of the three-dimensional dense gas-solid system of the present invention, wherein there are: magnetic control imaging particles 23, three-dimensional dense gas-solid system 24, magnetic control driving unit 25, wireless signal receiving unit 26 , an image processing unit 27 and a wireless remote controller 28.

detailed description

The present invention provides a wireless measurement device and method for the concentration of non-spherical particles in a three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, wherein the structure of the above-mentioned device is shown in Figures 1 to 4, including a cylindrical magnetron imaging particle 23 and a magnetron drive unit 25 , a wireless signal receiving unit 26, a wireless remote controller 28 and an image processing unit 27, wherein the magnetron imaging particle 23 is arranged inside the three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, and its size is the same as the size of the non-spherical particles inside the three-dimensional dense gas-solid system Closely, it includes a transparent housing 2, an inner core channel 13 arranged coaxially with the transparent housing 2, a sliding channel 3 between the transparent housing 2 and the inner core channel 13, a camera unit arranged inside the sliding channel 3, and a The wireless signal control unit inside the core channel 13 and the internal control electromagnets 1 (that is, ordinary electromagnets) arranged at both ends of the transparent casing 2 respectively. The imaging unit includes a ring magnet 15, a telescopic ring 14, a light-emitting diode 7 (shown by a short line among the figures), a camera 6 (shown by a long line among the figures), a convex lens 4 (shown by a long line among the figures) and a concave lens 5 (shown by a short line among the figures). ), wherein the annular magnet 15 and the telescopic ring 14 are concentrically arranged in the sliding channel 3 from the inside to the outside, the convex lens 4 and the concave lens 5 are alternately arranged on the telescopic ring 14, and the light emitting diodes 7 and the cameras 6 are alternately Set on the ring magnet 15 at intervals, the light emitting diode 7 is facing the concave lens 5, and the camera 6 is facing the convex lens 4; the internal control electromagnet 1 controls the movement of the ring magnet 15 and the telescopic ring 14 in the sliding channel 3, when one side When the internal control electromagnet 1 works, the telescopic ring 14 and the ring magnet 15 move toward it at a speed of 2-5 mm/s; The speed of s moves to the other side.

The magnetically controlled driving unit 25 is arranged in a ring outside the three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, and includes an electromagnet and a magnetic force control unit for controlling the magnetic force of the electromagnet. The wireless signal receiving unit 26 is arranged outside the three-dimensional dense gas-solid system and is electrically connected with the image processing unit 27 . The wireless signal control unit includes an image sensor 8 (single-chip CMOS imager), a compression storage module 9 (ADV-JP2000), a signal controller 10, a wireless signal transceiver 11 and a power supply 12 arranged in sequence inside the core channel 13, wherein , the signal controller 10 includes a RISC processor and a bluetooth core, the wireless signal transmitter-receiver 11 includes a transmitter and a receiver, the power supply 12 provides the required energy for the whole magnetic control imaging particle 23, and the energy obtained from the imaging unit The analog signal is converted into a digital signal by the image sensor 8, and the signal is compressed by the compression storage module 9, and the compressed signal is sent to the outside through the wireless signal transmitter 11 using Bluetooth under the control of the signal controller 10 .

The magnetically controlled driving unit 25 is arranged in a ring outside the dense gas-solid system by 3 to 5 sets of driving devices. Each driving device includes an electromagnet 19, a chain 18, a driving sprocket 16, a driven sprocket 17, a stepping motor 20, The frequency converter 21 and the controller 22, wherein, the driving sprocket 16 and the driven sprocket 17 are horizontally arranged at intervals, and the chain 18 is connected to the two sprockets respectively, and when the driving sprocket 16 rotates, the chain 18 moves around the sprocket; The electromagnet 19 is installed on the top of the chain 18, links to each other with the controller 22, and moves together with the chain 18, the controller 22 is a current controller, changes the magnetic force of the electromagnet 19 by controlling the current; the stepper motor 20 and the driving sprocket 16 is directly connected and drives the driving sprocket 16 to rotate; the stepping motor 20 is connected with the frequency converter 21, and the frequency converter 21 controls the speed and steering of the stepping motor 20. Wherein, the controller can be any common current controller.

The wireless remote controller 28 is arranged outside the three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, and is used to send a control signal to the magnetic control imaging particle 23 to change the current of the electromagnet so as to adjust the electromagnetic force of the internal control electromagnet 28; the image processing unit 27 is arranged in the dense gas-solid system. The outside of the system is used to analyze and process each dynamic picture taken by the magnetically controlled imaging particles 23, so as to obtain the concentration of the particles.

In practical applications, the size of magnetron imaging particles can be determined by the following method: select 50 to 100 regular-shaped particles from the material to be detected, and count the average diameter d of these particles, then the diameter of the magnetron imaging particles can be is 0.9d-1.5d, and the length of the magnetron imaging particles can be selected to be about 50-80mm.

The following specific examples are implemented on the premise of the technical solution, and detailed implementation and operation process are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1

In this implementation, an experimental device is designed for the pyrolysis process of solid waste in a rotary kiln to measure the mixing degree of solid heat carrier and solid waste. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

Select 50 particles with relatively regular shapes from solid waste, count the diameter of 50 particles as 20mm, and select cylindrical non-spherical particles as the shape of the magnetic control imaging particles. The diameter of the rotary kiln (three-dimensional dense gas-solid system) is 500mm , 1500mm long. The transparent shell is made of plexiglass, the outer diameter is 22mm, the height is 60mm, and the diameter of the inner core channel is 8mm. The telescopic ring and the ring magnet are arranged concentrically in the transparent casing, the telescopic ring is on the outer ring, and the ring magnet is on the inner ring. The width of the telescopic ring and the ring magnet are respectively 3mm, 5 convex lenses and 5 concave lenses (3mm in diameter, consistent with the width of the telescopic ring) are evenly arranged on the telescopic ring, and 5 light-emitting diodes and cameras (3mm in size) are evenly arranged On the ring magnet, the light-emitting diode is facing the concave lens, and the camera is facing the convex lens, both of which are on the diameter of the concentric circle. The focal length adjustment of the 5 cameras is realized through the expansion and contraction of the telescopic ring. Two internal control electromagnets (ordinary electromagnets) are respectively arranged at both ends of the transparent shell. When the internal control electromagnet on one side is energized, the telescopic ring and ring magnet move towards it at a speed of 3mm/s. After the internal control electromagnet on one side is energized, the telescopic ring and ring magnet move to the other side at a speed of 3mm/s. The image sensor (single-chip CMOS imager), compressed storage module (ADV-JP2000), signal controller (including RISC processor and Bluetooth core), wireless transceiver (including transmitter device and receiver) and power supply. The analog signal obtained from the camera is converted into a digital signal by the image sensor and compressed by the compression storage module. The compressed signal is sent to the outside through the wireless signal transmitter and receiver under the control of the signal controller. The energy required for the work of the magnetron imaging particles is provided by the power supply.

3 sets of magnetic control driving devices are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotary kiln. controller) components. Each set of driving device is built in the following way: the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket are arranged horizontally at the distance of the length of the rotary kiln, and the chain is respectively connected to the two sprockets, and an electromagnet is installed on the upper part of the chain. Connect with the controller; directly connect the stepper motor with the driving sprocket, and connect the stepper motor with the frequency converter at the same time. When working, the steering and speed of the motor are controlled by changing the output parameters of the frequency converter, and the magnetic force of the electromagnet is controlled by controlling the magnitude of the current through the controller. By moving the electromagnet and changing the electromagnetic force, the translation of the magnetic control imaging particles in the three-dimensional space is realized, and by simultaneously changing the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet and the internal control electromagnet, the rotation of the magnetic control imaging particles in the three-dimensional space is realized.

The wireless signal receiving unit is arranged outside the rotary kiln to receive the signal from the magnetically controlled imaging particles and transmit the data to the image processing unit, and at the same time send control signals to the magnetically controlled imaging particles in the dense gas-solid system through the wireless remote control , used to adjust the electromagnetic force of the internal control electromagnets respectively arranged at both ends of the magnetron imaging particles, so that the camera array moves in the sliding channel and scans the particle distribution around the magnetron imaging particles.

The image processing unit is arranged outside the rotary kiln to analyze and process each dynamic photo taken by the magnetron imaging particles. The pixel value f _{R , G, , B} (x, y)=(R, G, B) of the coordinates (x, y); under the same background, use magnetron For static photos of particles, determine the optimal threshold T _i of each particle by analyzing histograms, i=1, 2,..., n, where n is the total number of particles; obtain dynamic photos at coordinates (x, y) f _{r , g, , b} (x, y)=(r, g, b), subtract the chromaticity values of the background photo and the dynamic photo row by row and column by pixel, if the difference of the three components The sum of the absolute values of is not less than the threshold T _i , then the chromaticity value of the pixel point is retained, otherwise the point is set to (0, 0, 0), that is, black; the morphology of the subtracted image is first expanded and then corroded The processing process is to fill the small holes in the particles, connect adjacent particles and smooth the boundary; respectively count the number of pixels N _i occupied by each particle in the dynamic photo, i=1, 2,...,n, and obtain the concentration value C of the target particle _i =N _i /M, where M is the total number of pixels of the dynamic photo.

Example 2

In this implementation, an experimental device is designed for a biomass fluidized bed combustion boiler, which is used to measure the mixing degree of bed material and biomass. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

Select 80 particles with relatively regular shape from the biomass straw particles and count the diameter of the particles, which is 20mm, and the designed fluidized bed size is 400mm×400mm. The transparent shell is made of plexiglass, the outer diameter is 18mm, the height is 50mm, and the diameter of the inner core channel is 5mm. The telescopic ring and the ring magnet are arranged concentrically in the transparent casing, the telescopic ring is on the outer ring, and the ring magnet is on the inner ring. The width of the telescopic ring and the ring magnet is 3mm, 3 convex lenses and 3 concave lenses are evenly arranged on the telescopic ring, the size of the convex lens and the concave lens is 3mm, which is consistent with the width of the telescopic ring, 3 light-emitting diodes and cameras (size 3mm) Evenly arranged on the ring magnet, the light-emitting diode is facing the concave lens, and the camera is facing the convex lens, both of which are on the diameter of the concentric circle. The focal length adjustment of the 3 cameras is realized through the expansion and contraction of the telescopic ring. Two cylindrical internal control electromagnets are respectively arranged at both ends of the transparent shell. When the internal control electromagnet on one side is energized, the telescopic ring and ring magnet move towards it at a speed of 3mm/s. When the internal control electromagnet on the other side After the iron is energized, the telescopic ring and the ring magnet move to the other side at a speed of 3mm/s. The image sensor (single-chip CMOS imager), compression storage module (ADV-JP2000), signal controller (RISC processor and Bluetooth core), wireless transceiver (transmitter and receiver) and power supply. The analog signal obtained from the camera is converted into a digital signal by the image sensor and compressed by the compression storage module. The compressed signal is sent to the outside through the wireless signal transmitter under the control of the signal controller. The energy required for the work of the magnetron imaging particles is provided by the power supply.

3 sets of magnetic control drive devices are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the fluidized bed, each set of drive current controller). Each set of driving device is built in the following way: the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket are arranged horizontally at the distance of the length of the rotary kiln, and the chain is respectively connected to the two sprockets, and an electromagnet is installed on the upper part of the chain. Connect with the controller; directly connect the stepper motor with the driving sprocket, and connect the stepper motor with the frequency converter at the same time. When working, the steering and speed of the motor are controlled by changing the output parameters of the frequency converter, and the magnetic force of the electromagnet is controlled by controlling the magnitude of the current through the controller. By moving the electromagnet and changing the electromagnetic force, the translation of the magnetic control imaging particles in the three-dimensional space is realized, and by simultaneously changing the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet and the internal control electromagnet, the rotation of the magnetic control imaging particles in the three-dimensional space is realized.

The wireless signal receiving unit is arranged outside the fluidized bed to receive the signal from the magnetically controlled imaging particles, and transmit the data to the image processing unit, and at the same time send control to the magnetically controlled imaging particles in the dense gas-solid system through the wireless remote control The signal is used to adjust the electromagnetic force of the internal control electromagnets arranged at both ends of the magnetron imaging particles, so that the camera array moves in the sliding channel and scans the particle distribution around the magnetron imaging particles.

The image processing unit is arranged outside the fluidized bed, and is used to analyze and process each dynamic photo taken by the magnetically controlled imaging particles. The specific process is: take a pure red curtain as a fixed background, use the magnetically controlled imaging particles to take background photos, and obtain the background photos Pixel value f _R at coordinates (x, y) _{, G, , B} (x, y)=(R, G, B), wherein, x is the abscissa, y is the ordinate, and R represents the pixel value of red, G represents the pixel value of green, and B represents the pixel value of blue; in the same background, using magnetron imaging particles to take static photos of each particle placed on the red curtain, and determine each particle by analyzing the histogram The optimal threshold T _i , i=1, 2,..., n, where n is the total number of particles; obtain the pixel value f _{r , g, , b} (x, y) of the dynamic photo at coordinates (x, y) =(r, g, b), wherein, x is the abscissa, y is the ordinate, r represents the pixel value of red, g represents the pixel value of green, and b represents the pixel value of blue. The chromaticity value of each pixel is subtracted row by column. If the sum of the absolute values of the differences of the three components is not less than the threshold Ti, the chromaticity value of the pixel is retained, otherwise the point is set to (0, 0, 0) , that is, black; the morphological processing process of expansion and then erosion is performed on the subtracted image to fill the small holes in the particles, connect adjacent particles and smooth boundaries; respectively count the number of pixels N _i occupied by each particle in the dynamic photo , i=1, 2, . . . , n, to obtain the concentration value of the target particles C _i =N _i /M, where M is the total number of pixels in the dynamic photo.

Claims (8)

1. the wireless measurement device of a three-dimensional dense gas-solid system aspherical particle concentration, it is characterized in that, including magnetic control shooting granule (23), magnetic control driver element (25), reception of wireless signals unit (26), Digiplex (28) and graphics processing unit (27), wherein:

Described magnetic control shooting granule (23) is arranged at the inside of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, described magnetic control shooting granule (23) includes cylindrical transparent housing (2), the kernel passage (13) coaxially arranged with described transparent shell (2), sliding passage (3) between transparent shell (2) and described kernel passage (13), it is arranged at the image unit that described sliding passage (3) is internal, it is arranged at the internal wireless signal control unit of described kernel passage (13) and is arranged in the internal control electric magnet (1) at the internal two ends of transparent shell (2)；

Described magnetic control driver element (25) is circular layout in the outside of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, for regulating and controlling the magnetic field within the dense gas-solid system of described three-dimensional；

Described reception of wireless signals unit (26) is arranged at the outside of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system and electrically connects with described graphics processing unit (27), for receiving the wireless signal from magnetic control shooting granule (23)；

Described Digiplex (28) is arranged at the outside of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, adjusts the electromagnetic force of internal control electric magnet (1) for sending the electric current of control signal change electric magnet to magnetic control shooting granule (23)；

Described graphics processing unit (27) is arranged in the outside of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, is used for analyzing and process each an action shot that magnetic control shooting granule (23) shoots, thus obtains the concentration of granule ;

Wherein, described image unit includes annular magnet (15), expansion ring (14), light emitting diode (7), photographic head (6), convex lens (4) and concavees lens (5), wherein, described annular magnet (15) and expansion ring (14) are arranged in described sliding passage (3) the most in concentric circles, described convex lens (4) and concavees lens (5) alternate intervals are arranged on described expansion ring (14), described light emitting diode (7) and photographic head (6) alternate intervals are arranged on annular magnet (15), described light emitting diode (7) faces concavees lens (5), described photographic head (6) faces convex lens (4)；Described internal control electric magnet (1) controls described annular magnet (15) and the expansion ring (14) motion in sliding passage (3), when the internal control electric magnet (1) of side works, expansion ring (14) and annular magnet (15) move to it with the speed of 2～5mm/s, when the internal control electric magnet (1) of opposite side works, expansion ring (14) and annular magnet (15) move to opposite side with the speed of 2～5mm/s.

The wireless measurement device of three-dimensional the most according to claim 1 dense gas-solid system aspherical particle concentration, it is characterized in that, described wireless signal control unit includes being sequentially arranged in the imageing sensor (8) that described kernel passage (13) is internal, compression memory module (9), signal controller (10), wireless signal transferring and receiving apparatus (11) and power supply (12), wherein, described imageing sensor (8) converts analog signals into digital signal, described digital signal compresses through overcompression memory module (9), signal after compression is under the control of signal controller (10), by wireless signal transferring and receiving apparatus (11) to outside transmission signal；Described power supply (12) is that whole magnetic control shooting granule (23) provides energy needed for work.

The wireless measurement device of three-dimensional the most according to claim 1 dense gas-solid system aspherical particle concentration, it is characterized in that, described magnetic control driver element (25) includes 3～5 set driving means, it is arranged in the outside of dense gas-solid system ringwise, often set driving means includes electric magnet (19), chain (18), drive sprocket (16), driven sprocket (17), motor (20), converter (21) and controller (22), wherein, described drive sprocket (16) and driven sprocket (17) horizontal interval are arranged, chain (18) is connected with two sprocket wheels respectively, when drive sprocket (16) rotates, chain (18) is around sprocket；Described electric magnet (19) is arranged on the top of chain (18), it is connected with controller (22), and along with chain (18) moves together, described controller (22) is current controller, changes the magnetic force of electric magnet (19) by controlling electric current；Described motor (20) is joined directly together with drive sprocket (16), and drives drive sprocket (16) to rotate；Described motor (20) is connected with converter (21), and described converter (21) is used for controlling the rotating speed of motor (20) and turning to.

The wireless measurement device of three-dimensional the most according to claim 1 dense gas-solid system aspherical particle concentration, it is characterised in that the detailed process of each an action shot of described graphics processing unit analyzing and processing magnetic control shooting granule shooting is:

With pure red curtain as fixed background, use magnetic control shooting granule shooting background photo, it is thus achieved that background pictures is at coordinate (x, pixel value f y)_{R , G , B}(x, y)=(R, G, B)；Wherein, x is abscissa, and y is vertical coordinate, and R represents the pixel value of redness, and G represents the pixel value of green, and B represents the pixel value of blueness；

In the same context, use magnetic control shooting granule shooting to be placed on the still photo of every kind of granule on red curtain, determine the optimal threshold T of every kind of granule by analyzing histogrammic method_i, i=1,2 ..., n, wherein, n is total particle number；

Obtain an action shot at coordinate (x, pixel value f y)_{r , g , b}(x, y)=(r, g, b), wherein, x is abscissa, and y is vertical coordinate, and r represents the pixel value of redness, and g represents the pixel value of green, and b represents the pixel value of blueness；The pixel value of background pictures and an action shot point of individual element line by line is subtracted each other, if the absolute value sum of the difference of 3 components is not less than threshold value T_i, then retain this pixel chromatic value, otherwise this point is set to (0,0,0), i.e. black；

Image after subtracting each other first is expanded the Morphological scale-space process of post-etching, with minuscule hole in filler particles, connects adjacent particles and smooth boundary；

Add up the pixel number N that every kind of granule occupies in an action shot respectively_i, i=1,2 ..., n, n are total number of particles, it is thus achieved that the concentration value C of target particles_i=N_i/ M, wherein M is total pixel number of an action shot.

5. the device utilized described in claim 1 method of wireless measurement aspherical particle concentration in three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:

(1) from aspherical particle material to be detected, the material in regular cylindrical shape is selected, the average diameter adding up described cylindric material is designated as d, making columned magnetic control shooting granule makes its diameter range at 0.9d～1.5d, and it puts into together with unclassified stores system；

(2) under random motion pattern, magnetic control shooting granule acts as random motion under gas-solid flow field effect with other granules one, and shoots the image of neighboring particles, during shooting, by the flexible Focussing realizing photographic head of expansion ring；

(3) under magnetic control motor pattern, magnetic control driver element coordinates to control movement and the change of electromagnetic force of multiple electric magnet, magnetic control shooting granule is made to move in system to arbitrary target region, in desired target area, signal controller makes the image unit within granule move in granule with the speed of 2～5mm/s by changing the magnetic force of internal control electric magnet, scan and absorb circumgranular image, simultaneously, by coordinating to control the electromagnetic force of internal control electric magnet, it is achieved magnetic control shooting granule is in three-dimensional rotation；

(4) send signal after the analogue signal obtained from image unit is converted into digital signal compression by reception of wireless signals cell processing to outside, then process acquisition granule density through graphics processing unit.

Method the most according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described wireless signal control unit includes being sequentially arranged in the internal imageing sensor (8) of described kernel passage (13), compression memory module (9), signal controller (10), wireless signal transferring and receiving apparatus (11) and power supply (12), and described power supply (12) is that whole magnetic control shooting granule (23) provides energy needed for work；The analogue signal obtained from image unit is converted into digital signal by imageing sensor (8), and compresses through overcompression memory module, and the signal after compression, under the control of signal controller, sends signal by wireless signal transferring and receiving apparatus to outside.

Method the most according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described magnetic control driver element (25) is circular layout in the outside of dense gas-solid system by 3～5 set driving means, often set driving means includes electric magnet (19), chain (18), drive sprocket (16), driven sprocket (17), motor (20), converter (21) and controller (22), wherein, described drive sprocket (16) and driven sprocket (17) horizontal interval are arranged, chain (18) is connected with two sprocket wheels respectively, when drive sprocket (16) rotates, chain (18) moves around sprocket wheel (16)；Described electric magnet (19) is arranged on the top of chain (18), it is connected with controller (22), and along with chain (18) moves together, described controller (22) is current controller, changes the magnetic force of electric magnet (19) by controlling electric current；Described motor (20) is joined directly together with drive sprocket (16), and drives drive sprocket (16) to rotate；Described motor (20) is connected with converter (21), and described converter (21) is used for controlling the rotating speed of motor (20) and turning to.

Method the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the detailed process of each an action shot of described graphics processing unit analyzing and processing magnetic control shooting granule shooting is:

With pure red curtain as fixed background, use magnetic control shooting granule shooting background photo, it is thus achieved that background pictures is at coordinate (x, pixel value f y)_{R , G , B}(x, y)=(R, G, B)；Wherein, x is abscissa, and y is vertical coordinate, and R represents the pixel value of redness, and G represents the pixel value of green, and B represents the pixel value of blueness；

In the same context, use magnetic control shooting granule shooting to be placed on the still photo of every kind of granule on red curtain, determine the optimal threshold T of every kind of granule by analyzing histogrammic method_i, i=1,2 ..., n, wherein, n is total particle number；

Obtain an action shot at coordinate (x, pixel value f y)_{r , g , b}(x, y)=(r, g, b), wherein, x is abscissa, and y is vertical coordinate, and r represents the pixel value of redness, and g represents the pixel value of green, and b represents the pixel value of blueness；The pixel value of background pictures and an action shot point of individual element line by line is subtracted each other, if the absolute value sum of the difference of 3 components is not less than threshold value T_i, then retain this pixel chromatic value, otherwise this point is set to (0,0,0), i.e. black；

Image after subtracting each other first is expanded the Morphological scale-space process of post-etching, with minuscule hole in filler particles, connects adjacent particles and smooth boundary；

Add up the pixel number N that every kind of granule occupies in an action shot respectively_i, i=1,2 ..., n, n are total number of particles, it is thus achieved that the concentration value C of target particles_i=N_i/ M, wherein M is total pixel number of an action shot.