CN1041578A - The electrolyzer that the decontaminating liquid medium is used - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrolysis device for purifying a liquid medium, comprising a casing (1) with a conductive load (5) as an anode, and a cathode-separator (6) insulated from the load (5) by a diaphragm (11) ). The partition (6) divides the casing (1) into two working chambers (7, 8) in the entire length direction of the rotating shaft (9) of the casing (1). The sleeve (13) for discharging the liquid medium has a curved shape. The cathode can be made in the form of a charge of particles of conductive material.

Description

The invention belongs to an electrochemical device for purifying liquid medium, more precisely, it relates to an electrolytic device for purifying liquid medium, which is equipped with filled electrodes to prevent the medium from being polluted by various impurities. It can be used in chemistry, electrochemistry, machine building, energy, food and other industrial fields. It can be preferentially used to purify liquid media, through the condensation of suspended particles, the adsorption of impurities (such as heavy metal ions, the reduction of hexavalent chromium), the change of the active reaction (PH) and oxidation-reduction potential (E _n ) of the liquid medium, to make the liquid The medium is not contaminated by impurities.

A series of known electrolytic devices for cleaning liquid media equipped with electrodes filled with chips, such as the electrolytic device disclosed in USSR patent SU, A, 700468.

The electrolysis unit consists of a vertically placed cylindrical conductive housing containing a crumb-shaped load as the anode at the bottom of the housing; a perforated plate cathode located above the load and secured by a perforated peripheral Isolation; the upper part of the shell has a connecting pipe that provides the contaminated liquid medium to the load and a sleeve that discharges the treated liquid medium.

In such electrolyzers, dissolution of the load occurs as the liquid passes over the immobile load. Therefore, the electrolytic products formed during the operation of the electrolysis device will be deposited on the load, which will cause the ohmic resistance of the filling electrode to increase and form a stagnation zone in the electrode range.

From what has been said above, it follows that when working with such an electrolysis device, the load must be regenerated with air and water and cleaned with an acidic solution on a regular basis. In addition, the electrode working surface of this electrolysis device is small, while the volume of the electrolysis device structure itself is large. In this structure, the anode electrical input terminal is located at the bottom of the shell, far away from the cathode, which causes the ohmic resistance of the electrolytic cell to increase.

Therefore, the efficiency of the electrolysis device with this structure in the liquid purification process is not high.

There is also a known electrolysis device (see USSR patent SU, A, 1122618) consisting of a cylindrical conductive casing with end caps, mounted in such a way that it can rotate around its own axis, and connected to the positive pole of the power supply, Serves as one of the two electrodes of the electrolysis unit. The electrolysis unit also includes a load consisting of particles of conductive material housed in a casing; a second cylindrical cathode electrode located centrally and coaxially with the casing and separated from the load by an insulating diaphragm. A connecting pipe is installed on one end cap of the housing to send the liquid medium into the electrolysis unit for processing; there is also a connecting pipe on the second end cap to send the liquid medium out after processing.

When the electrolysis device is in operation, the casing is in a vertical position and the load is in a static condition, so a large amount of deposition of the load will occur. In order to regenerate the load, it is necessary to interrupt the treatment of the liquid medium, turn the shell of the electrolysis device to a horizontal position, and rotate the shell around its longitudinal axis of symmetry by means of a motor to scatter the crumb-shaped load for the purpose of purifying . However, these means are inefficient and cannot purify the load and the diaphragm located in the center of the housing.

When using the existing electrolysis device with a constantly rotating shell, it is necessary to make a special structure of the power supply electrode and the connecting pipe for feeding and sending the liquid medium to realize this rotation. However, the operation of an electrolysis device having the above-described mutual arrangement of electrodes and casings has not yielded the desired results. This is due to the fact that when the shell rotates, it is almost impossible for the contents of the central part to fall off and change its position, and this part of the electrolysis device is the most prone to deposition.

As the basis of the present invention, the proposed task is to design an electrolytic device for purifying liquid media, its structure and mutual configuration between electrodes can ensure that the shell directly rotates during the working process of purifying liquid media, eliminating the possibility of The occurrence of load deposition does not have to be done frequently to regenerate the load, thereby reducing energy rake and improving production efficiency,

The proposed task is solved in this way. This electrolytic device for purifying liquid media includes a cylindrical conductive shell with an end cover, which is installed in such a way that it can rotate around its own axis, and it is connected with an electrode of the power supply to act as one of the two electrodes of the electrolytic device. The role of the device; this device also includes a load, which is composed of particles of conductive material contained in the casing; the second electrode is located in the casing, connected to the other pole of the power supply and separated from the load by an insulating diaphragm; there is also a load The connecting pipe on the shell for sending in the liquid medium and the casing for sending out the liquid medium. According to the present invention, the second electrode is made in the form of a partition, and the casing is divided into two working chambers in the entire length direction of the shaft of the casing, and the diaphragm is composed of two parts according to the shape of the partition, which are respectively located on both sides.

In order to reduce the electrolysis voltage of the liquid medium and improve its purification efficiency, it is more appropriate to place the two components of the separator and the diaphragm in a parallel plane inclined at an angle of 90° to 25° with the rotation axis of the housing.

In order to increase the amount of dissolved metal and to ensure that the cathodic reaction process is possible during the electrolysis of the liquid medium to be treated, it is best to make the separator in the form of a load composed of conductive material particles, and between the two parts of the separator. within the range.

According to the electrolysis device that the present invention makes for the purification of liquid medium, its advantage is that the process of dissolving the load that takes place therein is carried out under low electrolysis voltage, and it is possible to adjust the acid-alkaline properties and oxidation-alkaline properties of the treated liquid. Reductive properties. The continuous rotation of the shell can create a condition that effectively purifies the surface of the diaphragm and prevents the conductive load from being polluted by its dissolved products, so that the surface of the load can be maintained in an active state to ensure high ion output. The result is efficient formation of metal hydroxides. All of this reduces energy consumption for purifying liquid media.

When the electrolyzer solution is used with a second electrode, and this electrode is a charge consisting of particles of electrically conductive material, this charge may consist of metal shavings, for example metal shavings dissolved in an alkaline medium, where e.g. aluminum. In this case, a mixed iron-aluminum coagulant is obtained when the first electrode is made of iron filings.

One of the advantages of this electrolysis device is that ions and metal hydroxides can be obtained while changing the size of the active reaction (PH) and rarely changing the potential (Eh) of the aqueous medium. In this case the cathode or the anode, both the anode and the cathode, can be made in the form of a charge consisting of particles of electrically conductive insoluble material (eg coke, graphite).

The electrolysis device using this scheme can strengthen the purification process of the liquid medium. In the case of dissolving metal shavings, by obtaining metal ions of different oxidation degrees (such as iron hydroxide II, iron III), as well as on the surface of the load composed of insoluble materials and in the treated medium where the electrolytic gas is released The oxidation-reduction process keeps the liquid medium from being polluted by various impurities.

Below will illustrate the present invention by specific embodiment and accompanying drawing, wherein

Fig. 1 represents the isometric overall view of the electrolysis device used for purifying liquid medium of the present invention that is contained in the hanging frame;

Fig. 2 shows the longitudinal section of Fig. 1 device without suspension frame enlarged;

Fig. 3 represents according to the longitudinal section of the embodiment of electrolysis device of the present invention, wherein the second electrode is made to form the form of loading by conductive material particle;

Fig. 4 schematically represents the electrolytic device according to the present invention, wherein the second electrode and the diaphragm are located in a plane at an angle of 45° with the axis of rotation of the housing;

Fig. 5 is the same as Fig. 4, but the housing is rotated 90° around the axis of rotation;

Fig. 6 is the same as Fig. 4, but the housing is rotated 180° around the axis of rotation;

Fig. 7 is the same as Fig. 4, but the housing is rotated 270° around the axis of rotation;

The electrolysis device represented in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 comprises cylindrical casing 1, is made by chemically insoluble conductive material such as stainless steel, and it is by means of collector brush 2 and an electrode (not shown in the figure) of power supply (in the figure). In the above-mentioned example, it is electrically connected with the positive pole, and plays the role of the anode of one of the electrodes of the electrolysis device. The shell 1 is equipped with an end cover 3 with a central hole 4 on the end cover 3 . Also contained in the housing 1 is a load 5 consisting of particles of electrically conductive material, such as metal shavings. In addition, the second electrode of the electrolysis device is also housed in the housing 1 in the form of a circular partition 6 made of a chemically insoluble material such as stainless steel, which divides the housing 1 along the entire length of the shaft 9 of the housing 1 Divided into two studios 7 and 8. The circular separator 6 is fixed in the insulating ring 10 and is electrically connected with the negative pole of the power supply by means of the collector brush 2 . The separator 6 is electrically insulated from the load 5 by the porous insulating membrane 11, and the insulating membrane 11 is composed of two parts according to the shape of the circular separator 6, and is located on both sides of the separator 6 respectively. The electrolysis device is also equipped with a connecting pipe 12 to input the liquid medium to be purified and subsequently water into the shell 1, which is fixed on the end cap 3 and communicates with the inner cavity of the shell 1 through the central hole 4. The sleeve pipe 13 that the water after being purified is discharged usefulness is positioned at the inside of connecting pipe 12 and is concentric with it, at this moment, one end that is positioned at the sleeve pipe 13 in the housing 1 will be bent, so that its input end 14 can Above the load 5 in the peripheral part of the working chambers 7 , 8 . In order to make it easier to remove the purified water from the electrolysis device, perforations are additionally made on the input end 14 of the sleeve 13 .

The electrolysis device represented in Fig. 1 is placed on the suspension frame 15 by means of the sliding bearing 16 installed on the connecting pipe 12. At this time, the sleeve pipe 13 and the suspension frame 15 are non-telescopically connected. When the casing 1 rotates around its rotating shaft 9 , it keeps its position. The rotation of the casing 1 is driven by a motor 17 fixed on the suspension frame 15 .

The electrolysis device shown in FIG. 3 is very similar to the electrolysis device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the only difference being that the second electrode is made in the form of a charge 18 consisting of a portion of conductive material placed between the two parts of the diaphragm 11. The load 18 is energized by the conductive ring 19 installed between the spacer rings 20 on which the two parts of the diaphragm 11 are mounted.

Furthermore, in this embodiment of the electrolysis device, the penetration hole 21 made in the end cap 3 can function as a sleeve for the discharge of the purified water from the housing 1 .

In the electrolysis device according to the invention, the size of the electrolysis chambers used in series may be much larger than that shown in Figure 3, depending on the function of the device.

The difference between the embodiment of the electrolysis device shown in Fig. 4, 5, 6 and 7 and the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, 2 and 3 is that the two constituent parts of the second electrode plate 6 and the diaphragm 11 are located The rotating shaft of the casing 1 is in a parallel plane inclined at an angle of 90°-25°. In the example described, these planes are inclined at an angle of 45° to the axis of rotation 9 .

The electrolysis unit works as follows. The water to be purified is sent into the shell 1 of the electrolysis device through the connecting pipe 12 (Fig. 1, 2). The housing 1 of the electrolysis device is driven in rotation about an axis 9 by means of an electric motor 17 . Under the action of a power supply applied to the electrodes of the electrolysis device (applied to the casing 1 and the separator 6), the conductive load 5 dissolves (in the present case the embodiment considered is in the form of metal shavings) 5), the electrolysis of water takes place. The dissolution of the charge 5 will be accompanied by the formation of iron ions and form hydroxide (II) in water. Impurities in the treated water will condense and be adsorbed by the formed iron(II) hydroxide. The water treated in the electrolysis unit is discharged through a sleeve 13 and supplied to a separator (eg filter) for further purification.

When it is desired to obtain a coagulant formed from a mixture of certain hydroxides (such as iron (II) hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide), the shavings of these metals should be filled in the given percentages 5, 18 (Fig. 3). into the electrolysis unit.

During operation of the electrolyser with a finely divided charge of dense charge material, the oscillating coagulant and Complications arise with electrolyzed gases. In this case, a particularly convenient configuration of the electrolysis device is to have the electrode separator 6 and the diaphragm 11 at an angle of 25°-90° to the rotation axis 9 of the casing 1 . The second electrode and the diaphragm 11 are in such a position that the electrode space of the housing 1 filled with the load 5 can be divided into electrolytic chambers of variable cross-section in a plane parallel to the axis of rotation 9, so that when the housing rotates, the The stagnation zone can be eliminated by shifting the load 5 below the shaft 9, while the electrode area for anode-cathode interaction is constant. In the case of the electrolytic device embodiment represented in Figure 3, the cathode wherein is made of conductive material particles (loading 18), considering that the water is alkalized due to the electrochemical reaction of the cathode in the cathode working chamber, then It is then possible to use a load 18 - for example aluminum shavings - dissolved in an alkaline medium.

Where it is necessary to avoid dissolution of the charged metal cathode, it should be made in the form of a charge consisting of particles of conductive insoluble material (eg graphite, stainless steel). The load 18 in this case, while obtaining the hydroxide of the anode dissolved load, enables the process of cathodic deposition of metal ions in the water to be treated (for example, deposition of copper ions from electroplating wastewater) to proceed.

If it is necessary to avoid dissolution of the anode, the anode can also be made in the form of a charge composed of particles of conductive chemically insoluble material (such as graphite, coke, stainless steel), in which case, when an electric current is applied, due to The electrochemical reaction is through the anode working chamber, so the active reaction (PH) of the aqueous medium will decrease, while the pH in the cathode working chamber will increase. The resulting solution can then be used to adjust the properties of the water being treated, ie to acidify or alkalinize the water without adding any reagents. The possibilities for pH adjustment range from 2-3 units to 10-11 units.

When a chemically insoluble charge such as graphite is electrolyzed, evolution of electrolyzed gas occurs in the housing 1 . For example, oxygen and chlorine are evolved in the anode working chamber of the electrolysis device, and hydrogen is evolved in the cathode working chamber. When water purification by redox processes is required, such as the oxidation of organic dyes, they are used in electrolytic devices for water purification.

We have described the preferred embodiment for carrying out the invention, but it will be fully understood by those skilled in the art that certain changes can be made therein without departing from the scope of the claims.

Claims (3)

1, the electrolyzer that a kind of decontaminating liquid medium is used, comprise the cylindrical conductive shell (1) that has end cap (3), the mounting means of shell can make its symmetry axis around self rotate, and link with an electrode of power supply, play the effect of one of two electrodes in the electrolyzer, this device also comprises and is loaded on the tote (5) that is made of conducting material granule in the shell (1), second electrode is loaded in the shell (1), another utmost point of it and power supply links, and itself and tote (5) are separated by insulation diaphragm (11), liquid medium can be imported the pipe connecting (12) of shell (1) and the sleeve pipe (13) of discharging in addition, it is characterized in that: second electrode is made the dividing plate form, can on the whole length direction of the rotating shaft (9) of shell (1), shell (1) be divided into two working spacess (7,8), and insulation diaphragm is made of two portions by the shape of dividing plate, lays respectively at the dividing plate both sides.

2, the electrolyzer used of a kind of decontaminating liquid medium as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: two component parts of dividing plate and barrier film (11) are positioned at and become 90 ° of-25 ° of oblique parallel planess of angle lapping with the rotating shaft (9) of shell.

3, a kind of electrolyzer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: dividing plate is made of conducting material granule, and is the tote (18) that is between barrier film (11) two portions.

Images