CN104156005A - Solar light chasing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar light tracking device, which includes a support base and a solar panel fixing frame. The solar light tracking device also includes an azimuth adjustment device and an elevation angle adjustment device. The azimuth adjustment device supports On the support base, the altitude adjustment device is supported on the output shaft of the azimuth adjustment device through the bracket, and the output end of the altitude adjustment device is hinged with the solar panel fixing frame to drive the solar panel to realize the altitude swing. An encoder for detecting angle changes is arranged on the output shaft, and an encoder for detecting angle changes is arranged on the rotating shaft of the solar panel fixing frame or the hinged shaft hinged with the azimuth adjustment device. Since the present invention is provided with an altitude angle driving device and an azimuth driving device, the position of the solar panel can be adjusted according to the incoming angle of the sunlight, so that the solar energy can be fully absorbed, the absorption rate is improved, and the application of solar heat is improved.

Description

A solar light tracking device

technical field

The invention relates to a solar device, in particular to a solar light tracking device.

Background technique

With the development of the times, science and technology have advanced by leaps and bounds, but at the same time, the social burden and responsibility of human beings has also increased. Energy is the foundation of national economic and social development. The faster the social economy develops, the greater the human demand for energy will be. Today, the massive use of energy such as coal, oil, and natural gas has caused serious environmental pollution and damage. This also makes environmental problems and energy problems increasingly serious. The sun is an energy body beyond imagination. Most of the energy stored on the earth is attributed to the creation of the sun. Today, the coal and oil used by humans come from animals or plants buried under the soil in ancient times. In the final analysis, they are collected and buried in the ground. Solar energy. The sun spreads its energy to the surroundings in the form of radiation. The energy radiated by the sun to the earth every year is equivalent to 181.3 billion tons of standard coal, which is 5000 times the total annual energy demand of the world and is the largest energy source on the earth. The sum of all kinds of energy used by human beings in the world is only tens of thousands of solar energy reaching the surface of the earth. Compared with other energy sources (such as coal, oil, nuclear energy), solar energy has the following advantages:

1. Universality. Most countries in the world have insufficient energy supply. According to statistics, the energy consumption of fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas, etc.) has increased nearly 20 times in the past 10 years. It is expected that the consumption of fossil fuels will double in the next decade, but The world's proven oil reserves can only be used until 2050, natural gas can only last until about 2040, and even the abundant coal resources can only last for two to three hundred years. As for solar energy, it exists in every corner of the earth, and it does not need to be transported from a specific place of origin to all parts of the world. It is convenient to transport, and it also saves a lot of processing costs and improves economic benefits.

2. Environmental protection. Due to the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum, hundreds of thousands of tons of sulfur and other harmful substances are transferred from the soil layer to the atmosphere every year. , the environment has been seriously polluted and destroyed, directly affecting the health and quality of life of residents. Acid rain is formed in some areas, seriously polluting water and soil. Using solar energy as energy, there is no waste residue, waste material, waste gas, waste water discharge, no noise, and no environmental pollution.

3. Persistence. According to the calculations of astronomical scientists, the sun has existed in the Milky Way for about 4.6 billion years, and it can continue to burn for about 5 billion years. Therefore, as long as the sun can be seen in the visible future of human beings, there is no need to doubt the existence of solar energy. Therefore, solar energy can be said to be an inexhaustible source of energy.

4. Economy. The total amount of solar radiant energy reaching the ground in one year is tens of thousands of times the sum of all kinds of energy consumed on the earth now, and receiving solar energy does not charge any follow-up energy usage fees, and can be used anywhere; moreover, at the current level of technological development , Some solar energy utilization has already been economical. With the development of science and technology and technological breakthroughs in human development and utilization of solar energy, the economical efficiency of solar energy utilization will become more obvious.

It can be seen that solar energy has huge application potential and market space. Therefore, the promotion of clean energy such as solar energy will be the future energy development direction of mankind, and it is also a great project for the benefit of future generations.

Today's solar energy application technology generally has the disadvantages of low utilization rate and low conversion rate, and in many occasions, the solar panels (heat collectors) are fixed, and some can only deflect in a fixed direction, so that the lighting surface cannot always face the sun. The direction of light irradiation reduces the utilization rate of solar energy. In order to make full use of solar energy and improve the efficiency of solar energy application devices, we have designed a device that can track the position of the sun in real time.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, and provide a solar light tracking device that can be automatically adjusted according to the irradiation of sunlight.

A solar tracking light device, including a support base, and a solar panel fixing frame for fixing the solar panel, the main points of its structure are: the solar light tracking device also includes an azimuth adjustment device and an elevation angle adjustment device, so The azimuth adjustment device described above is supported on the support base, the altitude adjustment device is supported on the output shaft of the azimuth adjustment device through a bracket, and the output end of the altitude adjustment device is hinged with the solar panel fixing frame to drive the solar panel to realize the altitude swing , an encoder for detecting angle changes is provided on the output shaft of the azimuth adjustment device, and an encoder for detecting angle changes is provided on the rotation shaft of the solar panel fixing frame or the hinged shaft hinged with the azimuth adjustment device, The solar light tracking device also includes a control circuit that controls the movement of the azimuth adjustment device and the altitude adjustment device. The control circuit uses the altitude angle and azimuth angle on the horizon coordinate system to describe the position of the sun, combined with the current time information to determine the current sun position, thereby driving the altitude angle adjustment device and the azimuth angle adjustment device to adjust the position of the solar panel fixing frame according to the sun position.

In the solar light tracking device of the present invention, an azimuth adjustment device and an elevation angle adjustment device are arranged between the support base and the solar panel fixing frame, and the current positions of the azimuth adjustment device and the elevation angle adjustment device are determined by the encoder provided, Use the control circuit to determine the current sun position according to the current time information, so as to drive the movement of the altitude angle adjustment device and the azimuth angle adjustment device according to the current sun position, so as to realize the adjustment of the position of the solar panel fixing frame, so as to adjust the solar energy The role of the board. When the azimuth angle needs to be adjusted, the azimuth angle device drives the connected bracket and the altitude angle adjustment device to rotate, thereby driving the solar panel fixing frame to rotate in the horizontal direction. When the altitude angle needs to be adjusted, the altitude angle adjustment device drives the solar panel directly. The panel fixing frame rotates the angle of the facade to realize the change of the solar panel in the direction of the height angle. Driven in this way, the solar panel fixing frame can be adjusted according to the change of the incident angle of the sun to play the role of adjusting the position of the solar panel, so that the solar panel can adjust its position in all directions according to the incident angle of the sun, thereby maximizing the absorption of solar energy role.

The azimuth adjustment device includes a worm gear reducer, the worm of the worm gear reducer is connected with the power source, and the worm gear output shaft of the worm gear reducer is connected with a bracket.

The azimuth adjustment device of this structure drives the worm to move through the power source, and then the worm drives the worm wheel connected to it to rotate, thereby driving the bracket connected to the worm wheel to move.

The azimuth adjustment device may also include a stepper motor driver, a stepper motor, and a gear reducer. The stepper motor driver can convert electrical pulses into angular displacement. When the stepper motor driver receives the pulse signal from the microcontroller, it drives the stepper motor to rotate at a certain angle, and the output end of the stepper motor is connected to the gear reducer to drive the reducer to rotate. , the output end of the reducer is connected to the beam bracket, which drives the beam bracket to rotate parallel to the horizontal plane, so as to achieve the purpose of changing the azimuth angle.

The height angle adjustment device includes a worm gear reducer, the worm gear reducer is installed on the bracket, the worm of the worm gear reducer is connected to the power source, and the output end of the worm gear reducer is connected to a crank Rocker mechanism, the crank in the crank-rocker mechanism is connected to the worm gear shaft of the worm gear reducer, one end of the connecting rod in the crank-rocker mechanism is hinged to the crank, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the solar panel fixing frame. The solar panel is rotatably supported on the support, and the crank rocker machine is arranged vertically.

The height angle adjustment device of the present invention drives the crank rocker to move through the worm gear reducer, thereby driving the solar panel fixing frame to swing along the height direction.

The height angle adjusting device adopts an electric push rod (screw drive), and the electric push rod is composed of a motor, a reducer, a screw rod, a thrust rod and the like. The output end of the motor is connected to the reducer, and the rotation of the motor drives the reducer to rotate. The output end of the reducer is connected to the screw rod, and the rotation of the screw rod drives the thrust rod to perform telescopic movement. The end of the thrust rod is connected to the solar panel frame through a hinge, which drives the solar panel frame to do a pitching motion to achieve the purpose of changing the height angle.

Set a proximity switch at the position where the altitude angle is 0° and the azimuth angle is 0°, and install two travel switches at the positions where the altitude angle is 0° and 90° It is used to control the pitch angle, and a travel switch is installed in the rotation direction of the azimuth axis.

Proximity switches and travel switches are installed in the entire solar light tracking device, which can control the pitch angle and rotation angle, so as to avoid the phenomenon of wire entanglement and component damage caused by excessive rotation.

The solar light tracking device also includes an anti-typhoon protection device, the anti-typhoon protection device includes a wind speed sensor, and the wind speed sensor is connected to the control circuit.

A wind speed sensor can be installed on the control box (fixed on the column) or anywhere else to sense the wind speed. During the operation of the system, when the wind speed reaches the preset value (see later) and remains for more than 1 minute, the wind speed sensor Send a signal to the control circuit, and the control circuit controls the movement of the azimuth angle adjustment device and the altitude angle adjustment device, so that the solar fixed plate frame is in a horizontal state and stops chasing light, so that the stress area of the system can be greatly reduced, and the entire system can be reduced. When the wind speed drops below the preset value and remains for more than 15 minutes, the system will start the light tracking function again. The anti-typhoon protection device can avoid problems such as unstable operation and component damage caused by strong winds such as typhoons and hurricanes, and greatly improve the stability of system operation and the life of the system.

The solar light-following device also includes a snow removal and cleaning device. The snow removal and cleaning device is that a piezoresistor is installed on the backlight surface of the solar panel, and a snow plow is installed on the solar panel. The piezoresistor and connected to the control circuit.

Install a piezoresistor on the backlight side of the solar panel, and install two snowplows on each solar panel. According to investigations, the weight of 1 cm thick snow per square meter is about 1 kg. We adjust the piezoresistor module to act when the snow reaches 1cm thickness, and send a signal to the microcontroller. When the signal is stable for more than 10 minutes, and the wind speed sensor does not send a typhoon signal during this period, (here is to exclude the solar panel from being damaged by strong winds. pressure, resulting in false snow plowing action.) The control circuit controls the snow plow on the solar panel to start working to clear the snow on the solar panel. After 1 minute, the snowplow stops working and returns to its original position. The system returns to the original state. When the snow accumulation reaches the set threshold again, the system enters the snow removal state again. The snow-plowing self-cleaning device can effectively remove snow and other sundries on the solar panel to ensure the efficient operation of the system, and can also avoid crushing and damage to the solar panel due to long-term, large-scale, high-intensity heavy snow weather in the north.

The snow sweeper is a snow sweeping strip similar to a wiper.

The described snow-sweeping strips are arranged in pairs, which are either arranged oppositely or intersected. The paired or cross-arranged snow-shoveling strips can cover the entire solar panel during movement.

The solar light tracking device also includes a rainy day dormancy device, and the rainy day dormancy device also includes a photoresistor, and the photoresistor is connected to the control circuit, and the photoresistor is used to judge the weather conditions and thereby control the altitude The action of the angle adjustment device or the azimuth adjustment device.

Install a photoresistor on the control box or other places with visible light. During the operation of the system, when the luminosity drops below the preset value, the photoresistor module sends a signal to the single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer judges that when the signal is maintained for more than 15 minutes, the control system stops Follow the light, keep the current position, and enter the sleep mode. When the luminosity rises above the preset value, the photoresistor module sends a signal to the microcontroller again. If the signal remains for more than 15 minutes, the system starts the light tracking function again. The dormancy device can effectively reduce the inefficient working time of the system and reduce energy consumption, especially in the southern long-term rainy weather (such as the rainy season).

The control circuit includes a single-chip microcomputer, an input device, a display screen, an encoder, a clock module, an altitude motor drive circuit, an azimuth motor drive circuit, a wind speed sensor module, a piezoresistor module and a photoresistor module, wherein the input device , a display screen, an encoder, a clock module, an altitude angle motor drive circuit, an azimuth angle motor drive circuit, a wind speed sensor module, a piezoresistor module and a photoresistor module are connected to the single chip microcomputer respectively.

The encoder is an absolute angle encoder.

The working principle of the control circuit is: when the whole device is working, the control circuit calculates the position information of the sun every few minutes, and the two rotary encoders on the altitude axis and the azimuth axis detect the system position information, and send it back To the control chip, the control chip outputs control signals to control the forward and reverse rotation of the height axis and azimuth axis motors to reach the correct position so that the solar panel is facing the sun.

The working process of the control circuit is: after power-on, check whether the time is between 6:00 and 18:00, if so, the program starts to calculate the solar declination angle and solar hour angle value at this time, and then calculates the altitude angle and azimuth angle of the sun The value is compared with the position information of the system at this moment, and the motors of the altitude axis and the azimuth axis are controlled to rotate to reach the position of the sun at this moment.

In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

The solar light tracking device of the present invention, because the altitude angle driving device and the azimuth driving device are provided, the position of the solar panel can be adjusted according to the incoming angle of the sunlight, so that the solar energy can be fully absorbed, the absorption rate is improved, and the solar heat is increased. Applications. The invention also adds a dormant device for cloudy and rainy days, combined with photoresistors, and uses an algorithm program to solve the problem that ordinary photoelectric tracking cannot work normally in rainy weather and complex and harsh environments, truly realizes all-weather real-time tracking of the sun, and effectively reduces system Inefficient working time, reduce energy consumption, especially in southern long-term rainy weather (such as the rainy season). The invention also adds an anti-typhoon protection device and a snow-plowing self-cleaning device to realize all-round and multiple protections for the light-following system, and greatly improve the stability and service life of the system operation. Using the absolute value angle encoder to feed back the position change of the solar panel in real time can realize the control of the rotation angle of the solar panel frame more accurately, improve the precision of light tracking, and increase the efficiency of light energy utilization.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the solar light tracking device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an azimuth angle adjustment device and an elevation angle adjustment device of a solar light tracking device.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an azimuth angle adjustment device and an altitude angle adjustment device at another angle.

Figure 4 is a flow chart of azimuth adjustment.

Figure 5 is a flow chart of elevation angle adjustment.

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the snow removal device on the solar panel.

Figure 7 is a celestial model.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the horizon coordinate system.

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the control circuit.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the control flow of the control circuit.

Fig. 11 is a circuit diagram of the control circuit.

Fig. 12 is a circuit diagram of the typhoon protection device.

Fig. 13 is a circuit diagram of the snow cleaning device.

Fig. 14 is a circuit diagram of the dormancy device in rainy days.

Reference Signs Explanation 1 Support Base 2 Solar Panel Fixing Frame 3 Azimuth Adjusting Device 4 Altitude Angle Adjusting Device 6 Support 7 Encoder 8 Worm Gear Reducer 9 Crank Rocker Mechanism 91 Connecting Rod 92 Crank 10 Proximity Switch 11 Travel Switch 12 Anti-typhoon Device 121 wind speed sensor 13 snow cleaning device 131 snow plow 14 rainy day sleep device.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with examples.

Example 1

A solar light tracking device, including a support base 1, and a solar panel fixing frame 2 for fixing a solar panel, the solar light tracking device also includes an azimuth adjustment device 3 and an elevation angle adjustment device 4, the The azimuth adjustment device is supported on the support base, the altitude adjustment device is supported on the output shaft of the azimuth adjustment device through the bracket 6, and the output end of the altitude adjustment device is hinged with the solar panel fixing frame to drive the solar panel to realize the altitude swing , an encoder 7 for detecting angle changes is arranged on the output shaft of the azimuth adjustment device, and an encoder 7 for detecting angle changes is arranged on the rotating shaft of the solar panel fixing frame or the hinged shaft hinged with the azimuth adjustment device , the solar light-following device also includes a control circuit that controls the movement of the azimuth adjustment device and the altitude adjustment device, and the control circuit describes the position of the sun with the altitude angle and azimuth angle on the horizon coordinate system, combined with the current The time information is used to determine the current sun position, so as to drive the altitude angle adjustment device and the azimuth angle adjustment device according to the sun position to adjust the position of the solar panel fixing frame. A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the solar light tracking device is shown in Figure 1.

The azimuth adjustment device includes a worm gear reducer 8, the worm of the worm gear reducer is connected with the power source, and the worm gear output shaft of the worm gear reducer is connected with a bracket.

The height angle adjustment device includes a worm gear reducer, the worm gear reducer is installed on the bracket, the worm of the worm gear reducer is connected to the power source, and the output end of the worm gear reducer is connected to a crank Rocker mechanism 9, the crank 92 in the crank-rocker mechanism is connected with the worm gear shaft of the worm gear reducer, one end of the connecting rod 91 in the crank-rocker mechanism is hinged with the crank, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged on the solar panel fixing frame , the solar panel is rotatably supported on the bracket, and the crank rocker is arranged vertically.

A proximity switch 10 for detecting the original position of the altitude adjustment device and the azimuth adjustment device is set at the position where the altitude angle is 0 ° and the azimuth angle is 0 °, and two strokes are installed at the position where the altitude angle is 0 ° and 90 ° The switch is used to control the elevation angle, and a travel switch 11 is installed in the rotation direction of the azimuth axis.

Two encoders are set on the height axis and the azimuth axis to detect the angle change and send the data back to the microcontroller. As shown in Figure 2, the height angle encoder is fixed on the rotation centerline of the beam through the height angle encoder bracket, and a pin is fixed on the center line of the beam. The input end of the encoder is connected with the pin through an elastic coupling. When the system When the control board frame does pitching motion, the encoder rotates accordingly, and sends back the change information of the elevation angle to the single-chip microcomputer. As shown in Figure 3, the azimuth encoder is fixed on the steel plate locked on the column through the azimuth encoder bracket (like "F" shape), and the azimuth angle change information is transmitted to the azimuth encoder through the belt drive. When the system controls the rotation of the azimuth DC motor, the pulley (active) rotates, driving the pulley (driven) to rotate, thereby driving the azimuth encoder to rotate, and sending the azimuth change information back to the single-chip microcomputer.

Set one at the position where the altitude angle is 0° and the azimuth angle is 0° to detect the original position of the altitude angle adjustment device and the azimuth angle adjustment device (the altitude angle is 0°, the azimuth angle is 0°, and the solar panel faces due east) Two travel switches are installed at the positions where the elevation angle is 0° and 90° to control the pitch angle, and one travel switch is installed in the rotation direction of the azimuth axis. A travel switch is installed in the rotation direction of the azimuth axis to prevent the system from being entangled and parts damaged due to excessive rotation.

The specific installation positions of 2 proximity switches and 3 travel switches are:

①Proximity switch with an azimuth angle of 0°: As shown in Figure 3, lead out a steel plate with a length of 135mm on the bracket of the azimuth encoder, fix the proximity switch bracket on the steel plate, and finally fix the proximity switch on the proximity switch bracket . The length of the steel plate here is 135mm, which is the length required when the beam bracket just triggers the proximity switch (due east direction) during the process of returning to the original position of the system.

②Azimuth travel switch: As shown in Figure 3, fix the travel switch bracket on the proximity switch bracket, and fix the travel switch on the travel switch bracket. The length of the travel switch bracket is 150mm, where 150mm is determined based on the fact that the turret malfunctions beyond the normal rotation angle without affecting the normal work.

③ Travel switch with an elevation angle of 90°: as shown in Figure 2, the travel switch bracket (9) is fixed on the beam as shown in Figure 2 (the upper left corner of the front surface), and the travel switch is fixed on the travel switch bracket (9) . If there is a problem with the system, when the plate frame rotates to a position where the elevation angle exceeds 90°, the connecting part of the plate frame and the beam will trigger the travel switch to cut off the power supply.

④ Travel switch with an elevation angle of 0°: as shown in Figure 2, the travel switch bracket (5) is fixed on the position of the beam as shown in Figure 2 (the upper left corner of the lower surface), and the travel switch is fixed on the travel switch bracket (5). When there is a problem in the system and the plate frame rotates to an elevation angle lower than 0°, the connecting part of the plate frame and the beam will trigger the travel switch to cut off the power supply.

⑤Altitude angle proximity switch: As shown in Figure 2, the proximity switch bracket is fixed on the travel switch bracket (5), and then the proximity switch is fixed on the proximity switch bracket. Adjust its position, when the board frame rotates to the height angle of 0°, the proximity switch is just triggered.

The flow chart of the azimuth adjustment process is shown in Figure 4.

The flow chart of the altitude adjustment process is shown in Figure 5.

The solar light tracking device also includes an anti-typhoon protection device 12, and the anti-typhoon protection device includes a wind speed sensor 121, and the wind speed sensor is connected to the control circuit.

A wind speed sensor can be installed on the control box (fixed on the column) or anywhere else to sense the wind speed. During the operation of the system, when the wind speed reaches the preset value (see later) and remains for more than 1 minute, the wind speed sensor Send a signal to the control circuit, and the control circuit controls the movement of the azimuth angle adjustment device and the altitude angle adjustment device, so that the solar fixed plate frame is in a horizontal state and stops chasing light, so that the stress area of the system can be greatly reduced, and the entire system can be reduced. When the wind speed drops below the preset value and remains for more than 15 minutes, the system will start the light tracking function again. The anti-typhoon protection device can avoid problems such as unstable operation and component damage caused by strong winds such as typhoons and hurricanes, and greatly improve the stability of system operation and the life of the system.

The solar light tracking device also includes a snow cleaning device 13, the snow cleaning device is installed with a piezoresistor on the backlight surface of the solar panel, and a snow plow 131 is installed on the solar panel, and the pressure sensitive The resistor is connected to the control circuit. As shown in Fig. 6, the described snow sweeper is a snow sweeping strip similar to a wiper. The snow-plowing strips are arranged in pairs and arranged in cross rows, and the paired or cross-arranged snow-plowing strips can cover the entire solar panel when moving.

Described solar light chasing device also includes cloudy and rainy day dormancy device 14, and described cloudy and rainy day dormancy device also includes a photoresistor, and described photoresistor is connected with control circuit, utilizes photoresistor to judge the weather condition and thus control Action of altitude adjustment device or azimuth adjustment device.

The control circuit includes a single-chip microcomputer, an input device, a display screen, an encoder, a clock module, an altitude motor drive circuit, an azimuth motor drive circuit, a wind speed sensor module, a piezoresistor module and a photoresistor module, wherein the input device , a display screen, an encoder, a clock module, an altitude angle motor drive circuit, an azimuth angle motor drive circuit, a wind speed sensor module, a piezoresistor module and a photoresistor module are connected to the single chip microcomputer respectively. The encoder is an absolute angle encoder.

The working principle of the control system is as follows: when the system is working, the control system calculates the position information of the sun every three minutes, and the two rotary encoders on the altitude axis and the azimuth axis detect the system position information and send it back to the control chip to control The chip outputs control signals to control the forward and reverse rotation of the height axis and azimuth axis motors to reach the correct position so that the solar panel is facing the sun. The principle of the control circuit is shown in Figure 9:

The working process of the system is: after power on, the system detects whether the time is between 6:00 and 18:00, if so, the program starts to calculate the solar declination angle and solar hour angle at this time, and then calculates the sun's altitude angle and azimuth angle The value is compared with the position information of the system at this moment, and the motors of the altitude axis and the azimuth axis are controlled to rotate to reach the position of the sun at this moment. The workflow is shown in Figure 10:

The circuit diagram of the control circuit is shown in Figure 11-14, and the connection between each module and each pin of the single-chip microcomputer is shown in the pin number on the figure. The encoder module can transmit the altitude angle and azimuth angle information to the single-chip microcomputer. The LCD display module can transmit the time information and latitude and longitude information set by the user to the microcontroller. The clock module provides time information for the whole circuit. The data storage module is used to store the data processed by the single chip microcomputer. Attached are the circuit diagrams of the anti-typhoon protection module, snow-plowing self-cleaning module, and rainy day sleep module. The output terminals are connected to the pins of the single-chip microcomputer, and the output signal is sent to the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer controls the rotation of the system to achieve the purpose of protection.

In the programming of the algorithm program, according to the celestial sphere model in astronomy, the altitude angle and azimuth angle on the horizontal coordinate system (see Figure 7, 8) are selected to describe the sun’s position, and the algorithm of the sun’s altitude angle and azimuth angle is programmed , as the core algorithm of the solar light tracking system. Using STC90C51 single-chip microcomputer as the control chip and DS1302 chip as the time chip to provide time information for the system, the current position of the sun can be calculated by using the algorithm.

There is a functional relationship between the sun's altitude and azimuth:

sin(H _S )=sinΦsinδ+cosΦcosδcosω (1)

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sin</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; A</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; cos</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&delta;</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sin</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&omega;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; cos</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

Among them, H _S is the solar altitude angle, Az is the solar azimuth angle, δ is the solar declination angle, Φ is the local latitude, and ω is the solar hour angle.

It can be seen from formulas (1) and (2) that the altitude angle and azimuth angle of the sun can be obtained by knowing the solar declination angle δ and the solar hour angle ω, and the sun’s declination angle δ can be obtained according to the formula in the literature :

δ＝23.45°sin[360°×(248+n)/365] (n is the nth day from January 1st)

The solar hour angle ω is the angular distance from the celestial meridian of the observation point along the celestial equator to the hour circle of the sun. It is stipulated that ω is 0° at 12 noon, ω is a negative value in the morning, and ω is a positive value in the afternoon. The earth rotates 360° once, and the corresponding time is 24h, that is, the corresponding ω per hour is 15°. True solar time = mean solar time + true mean solar time difference. my country's mean solar time is Beijing time, and Beijing's longitude is 120°, so the calculation formula of true solar time in various places is:

T=t+(L-120)/15

According to the definition of solar hour angle, the solar hour angle ω can be obtained as:

ω＝15T-180＝15t+(L-120)-180

In the formula, L is the local longitude, t is Beijing time, and T is true solar time.

The parts not described in this embodiment are the same as the prior art.

Claims (10)

1. a solar light tracking device, it is characterized in that: include base for supporting, and for the solar panels fixed mount of fixed solar plate, its structural feature is: described solar light tracking device also includes azimuth adjustment device and elevation angle regulating device, described azimuth adjustment device is supported on base for supporting, elevation angle regulating device by stent support on the output shaft of azimuth adjustment device, the output terminal of elevation angle regulating device and solar panels fixed mount are hinged and drive solar panels to realize elevation angle swing, on the output shaft of azimuth adjustment device, be provided with the scrambler changing for detection of angle, on the jointed shaft being hinged, be provided with the scrambler that detection angles changes on the rotation axis of solar panels fixed mount or with azimuth adjustment device, described solar light tracking device also includes the control circuit of controlling party parallactic angle regulating device and the motion of elevation angle regulating device, position of sun is described at elevation angle and position angle that described control circuit is fastened with horizontal coordinate, in conjunction with current temporal information, determine current position of sun, thereby drive elevation angle regulating device and azimuth adjustment device to realize the position that regulates solar panels fixed mount according to position of sun.

2. solar light tracking device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described azimuth adjustment device includes worm type of reduction gearing, the worm screw of described worm type of reduction gearing is connected with power source, and the worm-gear output shaft of described worm type of reduction gearing is connected with a support.

3. solar light tracking device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described elevation angle regulating device includes worm type of reduction gearing, worm type of reduction gearing is installed on support, the worm screw of described worm type of reduction gearing is connected with power source, the output terminal of described worm type of reduction gearing connects a crank and rocker mechanism, crank in crank and rocker mechanism is connected with the worm-wheel shaft of worm type of reduction gearing, connecting rod one end and crank in crank and rocker mechanism are hinged, the other end of connecting rod is articulated with on solar panels fixed mount, described solar panels are rotating to be supported on support, described crank rocker machine is vertical.

4. solar light tracking device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in elevation angle, be that 0 ° and position angle are that the position of 0 ° arranges one for detection of the approach switch in elevation angle regulating device and azimuth adjustment device original position, the position that is 0 ° and 90 ° in elevation angle is installed two travel switches and is used for controlling pitch angle, and a travel switch is installed in azimuth axis rotation direction.

5. the solar light tracking device described in any one according to claim 1 to 4; it is characterized in that: described solar light tracking device also comprises typhoon protection protective device; described typhoon protection protective device includes an air velocity transducer, and described air velocity transducer is connected with control circuit.

6. solar light tracking device according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described solar light tracking device also includes the cleaning device that sweeps away snow, the described cleaning device that sweeps away snow is provided with a voltage dependent resistor (VDR) for the shady face at solar panels, and install snow flanger at solar panels, voltage dependent resistor (VDR) is connected with control circuit.

7. solar light tracking device according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described snow flanger is the bar that sweeps away snow, the described bar that sweeps away snow is for arranging in pairs, itself or be arrangement relatively, or for intersecting row, the bar that sweeps away snow paired or cross arrangement can cover whole solar panels when motion.

8. solar light tracking device according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described solar light tracking device also includes overcast and rainy sleep devices, described overcast and rainy sleep devices also includes a photoresistance, described photoresistance is connected with control circuit, utilizes photoresistance to judge that weather condition controls the action of elevation angle regulating device or azimuth adjustment device thus.

9. solar light tracking device according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described control circuit includes single-chip microcomputer, input media, display screen, scrambler, clock module, elevation angle motor-drive circuit, azimuth motor driving circuit, air velocity transducer module, voltage dependent resistor (VDR) module and photoresistance module, input media wherein, display screen, scrambler, clock module, elevation angle motor-drive circuit, azimuth motor driving circuit, air velocity transducer module, voltage dependent resistor (VDR) module and photoresistance module are connected with single-chip microcomputer respectively.

10. solar light tracking device according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: during whole device work, by control circuit, every a few minutes, calculated the positional information of a sun, two rotary encoders on altitude axis and azimuth axis detect alliance information, be transmitted back to control chip, control chip output control signal, controls altitude axis and azimuth axis motor positive and inverse, arrive tram, make solar panels over against the sun.