CN1041022A

CN1041022A - Construction method and its implementation

Info

Publication number: CN1041022A
Application number: CN 89106406
Authority: CN
Inventors: 伊安·罗伯特·麦唐纳德; 伊安·格兰特·麦唐纳德; 卡梅伦·约翰·麦唐纳德
Original assignee: Cenefill Pty Ltd
Current assignee: Cenefill Pty Ltd
Priority date: 1988-05-25
Filing date: 1989-05-25
Publication date: 1990-04-04
Also published as: CN1111702A

Abstract

The present invention relates to construction equipment used in the construction of retaining walls, revetments, roads, suspended bridge decks, and the like, and methods of using the same. The base member is a support panel consisting of substantially rectangular flaps at least folded along their longitudinal axis, which can be used to construct bearing surfaces of various angles. The support can be driven into the ground by means of various joints and accessories, and the plate can be connected to the soil by means of various anchors and rods, which are hinged to the rod and buried in the ground in a closed condition, and which, after a suitable pulling force is applied to the rod, are brought into an open condition and tightly coupled to the soil.

Description

Construction method and enforcement thereof

The present invention relates to build the structure of wall, bank protection, road, suspended floor and the like.Particularly a cover directly applies to many areas, and construction appliance and the using method thereof used in general job practices.

When new building of construction or similar structure, in the place that will build this building,, almost at first excavate ground always in order to build desired basis, general operation is to dig a suitable foundation ditch on this ground.When this basis of construction, do not subside, need support the wall of this foundation ditch for the wall that makes foundation ditch.When building near an existing building of one of construction, especially need this support, when lacking proper supporting, basic the lighter of existing building may be moved, and can collapse in adjacent foundation ditch when serious.

For needed deep excavation such as modern high-rise building thing such as office building and hotel etc., it is dark usually to need to excavate at least 6 meters of below grounds, and, move in order to prevent any of adjacent structure, before any excavation, usually need build retaining wall at below ground.

Equally, when building a new dam, usually be necessary to provide the retaining wall of certain form on every side, so that prevention soil etc. enter in the water body in this building site, dam.And, also be for water body is blocked in the scope of appointment.

Traditional method is to adopt interlocking sheet pile " piling " technology to build this retaining wall, and the width of each sheet pile reaches the 6M(way that applies big impact force repeatedly near 0.33M) ground is squeezed in these stakes, form the wall of needed width.This method is lost time, and the cost height.Because, at first to squeeze into ground to many stakes, after the basis of building, wall etc. are built up, again they are pulled out from underground then.And a large amount of stakes and equipment need at first support.Could squeeze into ground to these stakes then, so just make underground retaining wall not build near the wall or the similar structure of existing building.Also have, these are squeezed into the needed very big power in ground (what for example jump bit applied from driving piles) can produce shock wave by ground, this vibrations wave energy is destroyed the basis of adjacent existing building.

Another method of attempting is to replace aforementioned sheet pile with metal sheet, and these metal sheets are generally wide than this sheet pile, and these metal sheets are also squeezed into ground., although this method has shortened the time of the retaining wall of setting up specific length, in the building foundation, after walls etc. have been constructed, still need these metal sheets are taken out, because these metal sheets are very expensive, cannot only using once, the back is embedded in them underground forever.And, for the plate of this specification is fixed on the needed position, also needs top said traditional, huge equipment and apply big impact force, and this has brought their additional trouble.

A kind of to the improved method of this class known technology-in No. 1074054, BP UK-1, be described-at first a sizable plate of weight is squeezed into ground.Then it is pulled out from underground, again second block of lighter plate of weight inserted in " groove " that is produced.

Although it is underground that this improving one's methods (operating weight is lighter, thereby the manufacturing of plate is more cheap) can allow second block of plate to be embedded in forever, before second block of plate injected ground, make " groove " in fact always.It is many that thereby the time of building retaining wall does not reduce, and still need big impact force when first block of plate poured ground, and these big impact forces have been brought their trouble again.

When building a bank protection, at first nearly all need water is drained from the place that will build bank protection, so that building foundation there.On the other hand, the similar structure such as basis of will constructing in the place of those draining inconvenience (as on the beach) can only just can be constructed when ebb tide, or adopt earlier current are drawn away in the construction area again and construct.

In addition, bank protection is generally built with rock or stone, can be placed on needed place to rock or stone with the dried method of piling up.If necessary, also can be or lay a reticulated structure thing (using metal usually) thereon rock or stone further are fixed in its position with cement.These methods are lost time, and because their labour intensity is big, also have, and these rocks or stone must ship from the area away from slope protection construction usually, so the cost height.

Another method of having attempted is to give the smooth place that need build bank protection well earlier, and for example, employing is cut the earth or built with soil or rubble mound, provides this bank protection needed profile.Lay the pad of pair of lamina wall more in the above, use the high pressure pouring concrete then.This method is still not exclusively satisfactory, because, set up needed profile with cutting the earth if desired, so still may need draining or diversion.

Other several problems that known systems is brought are: (1) is for the needed deep excavation of modern high-rise building thing, needed retaining wall usually has outside a face is exposed to, this face is quite dark, thereby the ground pressure on another side can be quite big.Under the influence of this pressure, moving inwardly may appear in this retaining wall, no longer is in needed angle; (2) same, when this retaining wall or bank protection were built on the weak soil, as sand or similar item, when particularly wet, this retaining wall also can take place similarly to move.

By convention, this retaining wall is to use concrete grout to come anchoring,, bores a hole of being with steel cable earlier in soil that is, then concrete is irritated in this hole, and metal cord is buried within it.In case this concrete by maintenance good after, this metal cord just is fixed on the retaining wall, stop this retaining wall to move.

The shortcoming of this conventional method has: (1) must dig up soil before concrete is poured into a mould, thereby needed special rig; (2) before this grouting can be used, concrete maintenance needs several days time; (3) do not replace removed soil if pour into a mould enough grouting, then sedimentation will appear in the peripheral region; (4) if when grouting must be cast near the existing basis of a contiguous solitary building, because rig is huge, just the problem of Chan Shenging can occur therefrom; (5) must in time loosen the stress (destress does not produce on every side the sedimentation of soil and other moves possibly, and these can destroy to new structure and/or to the adjacent building deposits yields) of this anchor device; (6) concrete grout is nonvolatil, does not have reusable material.

Be that the vertical relevant existing issue of supporting wall is discussed basically above to building.But, also need quite high-intensity " level " supporting, for example, needed big suspended span flooring in modern offices and retail market, and road particularly, the needed the sort of big suspended span bridge floor of these type of structure such as bridge.

Traditional material-timber that builds a bridge has been out of favour now.Because its price increases, and wood supply is just becoming more difficult.Wooden bridge also needs regularly to carry out big maintenance.Therefore, keep in repair and replace the bridge deck of existing wooden bridge now, and build new bridge, all trend towards agreeing to use other material, the most frequently used is steel concrete or with certain suitable load-bearing material covering steel plate thereon.

Although strength of reinforced concrete is quite high, and very durable, iff being used as area supported, then need a large amount of concrete, thereby cost is very high with concrete.And, also need a large amount of templates to come placing of concrete, just can remove up to these concrete settings.Therefore,, used a kind of steel bridge deck in order to make great efforts to overcome this problem, i.e. laying type steel plate at first, and then with various suitable packing materials shop thereon, these packing materials can with concrete from the compacted soil to the structure.

A shortcoming of this bridge floor of steel plate is before packing material is spread on the road surface, and this road surface can not bearing load.This makes usually and is necessary with manually coming this packing material of bedding, because initial bridge floor of steel plate does not have enough intensity to support massive vehicle, such as the concrete load wagon that transports this material, so need be with manually laying this packing material, both lost time, labour intensity is big again, thereby cost is quite high.

The objective of the invention is to overcome, or be to improve one or more top problems at least, and several construction appliances and their using method be provided, they are suitable for using the supporting that all needs to bear quite big load thus on all directions at one on a large scale.

The inventor finds that if replace known the sort of plate with the special plate of a kind of profile, thereby the special plate of this profile has very high intensity.Such as, can be installed in them on the position that needs with small device.If necessary, apply much smaller power, just can be fixed on this plate in the ground.And if again they are pulled out unlikely words from ground, even it is underground to allow them be embedded in forever, so also very economical.Can directly insert this plate in the ground, come to open and " groove " for this plate thereby also can save the hammering plate that need to use beginning.If situation needs, a kind of anchor support that the application of the invention proposes can further connect this plate with this ground.In addition, this plate can level be installed.If so, because they are not having under the situation of further strengthening handling enough bearing capacities are just arranged, so they can use at any time.

Therefore, according to first aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of gripper shoe that is used to build bearing surface; For example, retaining wall, suspended span flooring, road etc., said this gripper shoe is:

One is essentially tetragonal flap, at least around its longitudinal axis wrinkle, thereby produces at least one folding in described plate.

In the application of gripper shoe, such as retaining wall, because this gripper shoe of the present invention is lighter than traditional plate weight of the prior art, so, find this gripper shoe is squeezed into the desired power of squeezing in ground, more much smaller than needed power in the existing technology.But, because weight wants light, thereby reduced the rigidity of this plate, so under certain conditions, make this plate lateral deflection occur owing to being subjected to the power of squeezing into.This problem can overcome in the following method, promptly before gripper shoe is squeezed into ground, a joint is fixed on this gripper shoe top.Have been found that this joint is applied vibration force, can all squeeze into ground to the whole length of this gripper shoe; Remove this joint then,, this gripper shoe is got to the ground level place by by means of the annex that is installed between this gripper shoe and the vibration force source.

Therefore,, provide as previously described a kind of, be used for the joint of gripper shoe as second aspect of the present invention.Said this joint is:

(a) one is essentially tetragonal flap, at least around its longitudinal axis wrinkle.Thereby in described plate, produce at least one folding;

(b) this joint is removably mounted on device on the said gripper shoe.

Here the quantity of said at least one folding and position are basic identical with the quantity and the position of said gripper shoe.

As the 3rd aspect of the present invention, provide one as previously described, be used for the annex of gripper shoe.Said annex is:

1. one is essentially strip, is suitable for connecting the parts at the top of said gripper shoe.

2. removedly said elongated member is connected to the device in vibration force source.

As you know, in certain environment, may there be tree root in underground, rock and other rubble, and they may stop the smooth injection of gripper shoe.Equally, after beginning to squeeze into this gripper shoe, owing to run into unforeseeable tree root, rock etc., process is stopped possibly.This problem can by use the cutting plate be overcome-to the additional shape of the said gripper shoe in front, but heavier plate-at first this plate is squeezed into ground is pulled out then, thereby is produced a passage that enters ground for gripper shoe.

Therefore, as the 4th aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of cutting plate, this plate can be driven into ground and cut off tree root, the rock etc. of riving, and said this cutting plate is:

One is essentially tetragonal flap, at least around its longitudinal axis wrinkle, thereby produces at least one folding.

Here, said this cutting plate can by with go into ground, can cut off the tree root that may be present in the ground level place at least, the rock that may be present in the ground level place etc. of riving.

As the 5th aspect of the present invention, similar structure methods such as a kind of construction retaining wall are provided, said method is:

Select a kind of gripper shoe as the front defined;

If necessary, said gripper shoe is fixed on the joint as the front defined;

Said gripper shoe got at least near needed go into the ground degree of depth;

If of course, remove said joint, and/or if necessary, put annex previously described, that link together with the top of described gripper shoe, and continue said gripper shoe is navigated to needed length of embedment.

The inventor also has been found that and can build the needed any profile of various special bank protections with gripper shoe described above and their method for supporting.If necessary, this plate fixing after, the side that water arranged from needed bank protection is dug up soil etc., and a topping laying is had at this plate on the side surface of water, and this surface layer has been filled up so that the material of suitable hardness to be arranged.

As a sixth aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of method of building bank protection-on the water or under water face-said method is:

Select gripper shoe as preceding defined;

Said gripper shoe by desired tilt angle, is fixed to the needed degree of depth;

If suitable, soil of said gripper shoe one side etc. dug up and

One surface layer etc. is laid on the said surface, and said here surface layer can fill up so that the material of suitable hardness to be arranged.

Above an optional characteristic of said method be:

Before selecting gripper shoe for use, use the plate of band cutting as described, this cutting plate, squeeze into ground by desired tilt angle.Needed depth of drive can cut off being present in underground tree root, and the rock in it etc. is rived.Then this cutting plate is pulled out.In addition, when when squeezing into this gripper shoe, if tree root, rock or other rubble be in do not give expect local time, before the gripper shoe in replacing ground, this gripper shoe is pulled out, and by re-use this machinable plate by method described above.

Certainly, if necessary, can squeeze into ground to second such gripper shoe, it and adjacent first gripper shoe are partly overlapped.Equally, the degree of depth if desired be dark especially words-this degree of depth be to use the monolithic gripper shoe inaccessible-can squeeze into ground level to first gripper shoe, then the suitable uncinus of second gripper shoe-have-the be fixed to top of first gripper shoe squeezing into like this in its bottom, again second gripper shoe squeezed into ground, force first block of plate to enter below the ground level.Reuse this method of operating, till the retaining wall of the required length and/or the degree of depth is built up.We find that ground pressure enough makes the place, bottom of this plate be in contact with one another closely, also can use high-strength bolt that this lapping plate is fixed together tightly at the top of the plate that overlaps or near this tip position.

Concerning similar structure such as bank protection, in case reached the needed length and the degree of depth, just on whole length, lay surface layer, fill up harder material then.

Although the quantity of the folding on this plate and the joint and position can be according to using needs to change, but reasonable way is this cutting plate, gripper shoe and joint, form by more than one folding for every, thereby the whole width along corresponding this plate is formed uniformly a succession of two-fold (pleat), is arranged in symmetrically on the whole width of respective plate.The broken number of every block of plate and joint is preferably 5 to 7 foldings.

The device that makes joint be detachably connected to the gripper shoe top is preferably: (a) two fixing " L " shape brackets, this bracket can make said gripper shoe be fixed between dull and stereotyped and each said bracket of joint; (b) hole in said bracket and gripper shoe when using said joint, these hole alignment, allows bolt or similar item to pass, thereby said joint and gripper shoe is linked together.Joint and gripper shoe link together.

The cross section of the strip annex that uses with gripper shoe is preferably the groove of square " C ", and the width of this groove slightly than the degree of depth of the pleat of gripper shoe more greatly.This channel member also can be made of the outer prolongation limit that forms complementation of profile and this gripper shoe.

Concerning similar structure such as counter dam, surface layer is preferably double-deck nylon cushion, and this nylon cushion is to use the bag of being made up of the braiding of multiply nylon wire, is fixed on the treatment hole place at regular intervals.The hard inserts of shelving in this surface layer does not influence this filter bores, and it is designed to play the effect that reduces hydraulic pressure.

The stiff materials that is used as inserts is better with sand or concrete, preferably adds pressure injection with pea gravel concreten and waters this surface layer.

Also can brush various suitable rustproof paints, further reduce wear and the erosion of water, get rusty etc. to gripper shoe.

In some soil, maybe need to dig quite dark place, have necessary fixing gripper shoe described above and building unit, produce excessive moving to stop their.

Therefore, according to the 7th aspect of the present invention, provide one to make retaining wall, similar structure such as bank protection are fixed on the anchor support on the desired location, and said this anchor support is:

The bar that has a foliated soil colligator of a strip, this colligator are rotatably connected to an end of this bar, and it can turn to second opening with initial closed state;

The other end of said bar is fixed on said retaining wall, the bank protection.

As the 8th aspect of the present invention, a kind of retaining wall that is anchored in soil, the sand etc. is provided, the method for bank protection or other similar structure, said this method is:

1). at least one is in said first closed condition, and said retaining wall, bank protection etc. are passed in the sort of anchor support that has stipulated the front, and on demand the angle and the necessary degree of depth inject in the similar items such as soil, sand again;

2). make said foliaceous colligator take said second opening;

3). when taking said second opening or thereafter, use a kind ofly can stop the influence owing to ground or other pressure etc. to make this retaining wall, bank protection etc. produce any mobile method effectively, the other end of said bar is fixed on this retaining wall, the bank protection etc.

The whole length direction of this bar preferably all has external screw thread, and adopts the mode of plain nut that it is fixed on said retaining wall, the bank protection etc.

The shape of anchor support, the mode that injects soil and its whole operation are all because the difference of the soil types of the retaining wall of building in this cob wall, bank protection and different.

Such as, in weak soil or wet soil, sand etc., just need a quite wide foliaceous soil colligator.An outer tube is enclosed within on the said bar, again an end of said outer tube is detachably connected on first joint.Said first joint and said foliaceous colligator bridle joint make this colligator remain on first closed condition together.The other end of outer tube is fixed on second joint, and this joint itself is connected on the repeated impact forces source.

The support of the anchor of the closed condition that is placed in it, angle on demand and necessary length of embedment are squeezed into ground, lay down outer tube and two joints again, and the other end of barre is connected on retaining wall, the bank protection etc., and makes this bar reach required pulling force then.

On the other hand, in super compacted soil or rocky soil, just only need a foliaceous soil colligator that is rather narrow.The angle at first on demand and the necessary degree of depth are done the duct an of necessity in this soil, with artificial way this screwed anchor pole is injected in this duct again; Then this threaded rod termination is fixed on retaining wall, the bank protection etc.

The inventor also further finds, above said gripper shoe, also can carry when level is arranged being essentially, so can be used for building suspended span flooring, road, bridge etc.

Said every has at least the plate of wrinkle to become lateral arrangement with the traffic flow direction of this road surface bridge when this gripper shoe being used for road construction, bridge etc.In this embodiment, every gripper shoe is preferably on its whole length on two vertical limits also has a narrow edge of a wing, and every gripper shoe makes the adjacent edge of a wing overlap in order, again the common metal net, such as being used for strengthening concrete road, be fixed on the end face of this gripper shoe; The both sides that are fixed to this gripper shoe are covered on one continous way limit, to help maintaining packing material; Any suitable packing material, be layered on the end face of this gripper shoe by the needed degree of depth and between the lid of both sides.

Referring now to accompanying drawing several illustrated embodiments of the present invention is described, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the sketch of cutting plate constructed in accordance;

Fig. 2 is the perspective sketch of gripper shoe constructed in accordance;

Fig. 3 a, 3b and Fig. 3 c, 3d are respectively the sketch of two joints that use with the described gripper shoe of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 a, 4b and Fig. 4 c, 4d are respectively as Fig. 3 a, 3b and the described joint of Fig. 3 c, 3d, are connected respectively to the sketch on the gripper shoe as described in Figure 2;

Fig. 5 a, 5b and Fig. 5 c, 5d are respectively the sketch of two kinds of annexes constructed in accordance;

Figure 6 shows that the retaining wall of building according to the present invention;

Fig. 7 is building unit sketch made in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the mole sketch of building according to the present invention;

Fig. 9 a and Fig. 9 b are the sketch of first kind of anchor support made in accordance with the present invention;

Figure 10 is the first joint sketch made in accordance with the present invention;

Figure 11 is as Fig. 9 a and the described outer tube that has of 9b, and is connected with the anchor support sketch of first and second joints;

Figure 12 a is as Fig. 9 and the support of the 11 described anchors a series of schematic diagrames when the installation site to 12c;

Figure 13 a is the sketch of second kind of anchor support made in accordance with the present invention to 13c;

Figure 14 (ab) is two embodiment sketches, and these two kinds of embodiment are that needed pulling force is gone up in the anchor support that is used for being adjusted in described in the prior figures;

Figure 15 a is the bridge sketch of building according to the present invention across a river;

Figure 15 b is the part profile of the described bridge of Figure 15 a;

Figure 16 is the sketch of the described bridge of Figure 15 limit lid.

Cutting plate as shown in Figure 1 is made up of a flap (1) that is roughly rectangle, and this flap (1) is along some equally spaced longitudinal axis (2) wrinkle, thereby produces described a series of pleat.Two outside 3(a, short section 12(a b) b) tilts inwardly with an angle.

In the said gripper shoe of Fig. 2, rectangular slab (1), a pleat and a short section 12(a, b) the same with in the machinable plate among Fig. 1 basically, still the thickness of this gripper shoe is thinner than the thickness of the sort of machinable plate.And, be provided with hole 4(a in place, b) near limit, upper end (5).

Fig. 3 a, 3b and 3c, 3d have described two joints that use with gripper shoe respectively.Each joint is made up of a flap (6) that is roughly rectangle, and this flap is according to the same quadrat method of gripper shoe wrinkle among Fig. 2, along its short axis wrinkle.At Fig. 3 a and 3b) in the said joint, on the folding ditch in the middle of a flat board (14) is fixed to.(dull and stereotyped (14) except rigidity is delivered to the joint, can also as the tie point that this joint is connected on the corresponding impact force source).Bracket in each joint (7) is connected on end limit (8), and

hole

9 and 10 lays respectively on bracket (7) and the plate (6), they can with the hole 4(a of gripper shoe (3), b) alignment, shown in Fig. 4 a to 4d, permission bolt (11) passes through.

Fig. 5 a, 5b and 5c, said two annexes of 5d (17), each is respectively groove (15) formation of a strip of rectangle " c " by section.The width of this groove (15) a little than the degree of depth of the pleat of the said gripper shoe of Fig. 2 more greatly.The member (16) of one " H " shape section is connected to roughly in the center of this groove (15), and extends a segment length towards the opening rightabout of this strip groove (15).

In use, if necessary, can use various suitable device, pile driver clamps this cutting plate as everyone knows, and it is vertically squeezed into ground, cuts off tree root etc.With various habitual equipment this plate is pulled out then.Words if necessary, before this plate is squeezed into ground, press the said method of Fig. 4 a to 4d, joint is connected on this gripper shoe, after laying down joint, if necessary, also can be fixed to the parts of annex (17) (16) such as on the pile driver, channel member (15) is installed in the end of this gripper shoe, and this end is fit to insert this notch.Then this gripper shoe is squeezed into ground level.After this gripper shoe reaches the desired degree of depth, if desired, can overlap by shown in Figure 6 second gripper shoe (any later plate is the same) with first gripper shoe, squeeze into ground then.

In building unit shown in Figure 7, rectangular slab (1), pleat, a short section 15(a, b) and hole 4(a, b) (set up, do not draw among this figure) basically the same with gripper shoe described in Fig. 2.With various suitable methods one surface layer (18) is fixed on the plate (1), this surface layer is made of pair of lamina nylon cushion (20), and this nylon cushion is that the certain intervals by treatment hole is fixed on the plate.Annotate the way of watering with pressurization, make and fill out in this surface layer, until this nylon cushion being expand into the essentially identical state of obtaining with this rectangular slab (1) of shape as pea gravel concreten (21).But reserve a gap g simultaneously between the end of this nylon cushion wall and each folding b, treatment hole (19) does not have concrete.When wave attempted to oppress this nylon cushion near this plate, gap g can help further to consume wave energy.

In use, according to step described above,, the plate that needs quantity (1) is squeezed into ground by the required angle and the degree of depth that should reach.If necessary, bank protection there is the soil etc. of a side of water dig up, then surface layer shown in Figure 7 (18) is installed in the one side of these plates, in this surface layer, fill with pea gravel concreten more thereafter.

It should be noted,, also can be installed in this shell on the appropriate location, then fill up concrete even this plate may be positioned under water.

These characteristics are to building advantageous particularlies such as groynes, mole, because can't draining under the sort of situation or change the flow direction of water.As shown in Figure 8, the sidewall 22(a that keeps at a certain distance away b) can extend desired length to the bank from shoreline (24).Arrange an end wall (23) then there.The sidewall 22(a that each keeps at a certain distance away is b) described the same with top Fig. 7 with end wall (23).Rock (25), other appropriate filler such as pumping sand are filled between these walls, thereby build up this mole then.Although (say that surface layer (18) has only covered the one side of every block of plate, but in fact surface layer will cover the end edge of every block of plate, and recross end face and down extend, then each edge of this surface layer all is embedded in ground/below the sea bed face height) along the another side of this plate.

The anchor support is made of a soil colligator (26) in Fig. 9 a and 9b, and this colligator is made up of one flat plate (27).These dull and stereotyped both sides are at one end close gradually, and form a tip (28).The other end bifurcated is formed two parts of cutting apart (80), then, each part of cutting apart is become an angle of inclination bending by the plane with plate (27).Cut again to form the straight flange (44) of broad.Have two to be fixed to wing plate 30(a moulding on plate (27) two edges, crooked in addition, b), it is positioned at the sweep of this plate (27) and in its bifurcate end.One key-way shape hole (29) is positioned at the place of the close tip (28) of plate (27).One turning arm (31) crosses hole (29) and almost becomes a right angle with the longitudinal axis of plate (27) and be fixed on this plate.The open tubes that has internal thread (32) of a weak point rotatably couples together through plate (33) and arm (31).Hole (29), the position of turning arm (31) and open tubes (32) is to cooperate like this: initial pipe (32) is arranged essentially parallel to said longitudinal axis, but when plate (27) by revolving shown in Fig. 9 b when turning 90 degrees, the outward flange (81) of pipe (32) should be near the inward flange (34) of hole (29).

Figure 10 represents the joint (42) that is made of parts (36) that are roughly bullet shaped.One male-pipe (37) is connected to the afterbody of these parts (36).On these parts (36), remove one section, form a plane (38).Gore (39) is fixed to (38) top formation one notch (40) on the plane that stretches forward on these parts (36).One hole (41) connects the whole length of this joint.

In use, as shown in figure 11, a threaded rod (35) is screwed on this open tubes (32).A slender casing (43)-its each termination all there is a bit of internal thread-be connected on the screwed pipe (37) of joint (42), combine with the limit (44) of plate (27) up to notch (40) and threaded rod (35) passes slender casing (43), thereby this blade (26) is fixed in its position tightly.Threaded rod (35) stretches out a short distance from the other end of sleeve pipe (43).Second every limit by hexagon nut (46)-this nut (46) had a short male-pipe 47(a, b)-joint (45) that constitutes is installed on the external part of threaded rod (35), and tighten the termination of sleeve pipe (43), until the end of nut (46) near this sleeve pipe (43).

Shown in Figure 12 a-12c, a hole is arranged on retaining wall (47), the size in this hole is enough to make the anchor support that blade (26) is installed to pass that (Figure 12 is a).The end of second joint (45) applies power, can squeeze into ground to this anchor support by the desired tilt angle and the degree of depth.Although use various suitable device to squeeze into ground to this anchor support, had better use pneumatic motor to finish this work.This is that another benefit of sleeve pipe (43) and first joint (42) is because air-flow down passes through second joint (45): can keep the screw thread of screw rod (35) not have soil and sand etc. when ground is passed in this anchor support.Shown in Figure 12 b, lay down second joint (45), sleeve pipe (43) slave plate (27) is located to unclamp unload (such as, screw rod (35) is applied a power, make this anchor support continue to enter ground forward, or adopt partially or completely this sleeve pipe (43) is taken out from ground).Above have the shape of shape and the single folding of plate (1) of plate (50)-this plate in a hole identical-outside that is configured in wall (47) on one side, and thereon fastening the nut (51) on the screw rod (35).Because nut has been fixed, then screw rod (35) moves forward and can cause that blade (26) presents opening (Figure 12 c), moves thereby stop it to produce in soil.Tightening nuts (51) again is till screw rod reaches needed pulling force.

The blade (52) that the support of anchor shown in Figure 13 a and the 13b is made of a narrow boards (53) is formed, the both sides of this narrow boards (53) at one end gradually near and form a tip (54).The other end of this plate (53) becomes an angle of slope bending with the plane of plate (53), forms an empennage (55), and the limit (56) of this empennage (55) is a coarse wave, and a key-way shape hole (57) is positioned at the place that plate (53) is gone up close most advanced and sophisticated (54).One turning arm (58) crosses hole (57), and almost becomes a right angle with the longitudinal axis of plate (53) and be fixed on this plate (53).One open tubes (60) that has internal thread rotatably links together through plate (59) and turning arm (58).Hole (57), the position of turning arm (58) and open tubes (60) is to cooperate like this: initial pipe (60) is arranged essentially parallel to said longitudinal axis, but when plate (53) by revolving shown in Figure 13 a and the 13b when turning 90 degrees, the outside (61) of pipe (60) is connected to an external thread rod (35) on the pipe (60) near the inner edge (62) in hole (57) again.

In use, at first use any general equipment to bore a hole, for the support of the anchor shown in Figure 13 a-c provides a passage.A hole is arranged in retaining wall, and there is sufficient size in this hole, and the anchor support that allows to be connected on the bar (35) is passed.This anchor support continues down by the said pre-drilled passage in front (when the anchor support was inserted in the passage, empennage (55) was towards tilting, so plate (53) rests on the threaded rod (35)) again.When this anchor support reached the needed degree of depth, under action of gravity, this bar (35) made blade (52) present the part opening conversely; The elongation end of barre (35) is fixed on the retaining wall with quadrat method with reference to Figure 12 a-c is described by top again.This initial tension can make this anchor support insert in the ground.Then, lay down this pulling force, fill up passage with cement paste; Again this anchor support retighten.In case this cement paste has solidified, further this anchor support of retighten again.But, if necessary, both made cementation also not solidify this retaining wall and still can use at any time at once.

Can use many devices to control each anchor and support needed pulling force.Such as (Figure 14 a) before without any tension, is installed in a variable nut (64) on the bar (35), and near plate (50).Then a bridging plate (65) is assemblied on the bar (35); Subsequently, compression spring (a 66) fit on that gives first scale.If necessary, refill a packing ring (67).Compress this spring (66) with tightening second nut (68) that is contained on the screw rod (35), reach needed pulling force, and regularly screw this variable nut (64) and make it near wall (1) until this bar (35).

In addition, also can be at the local working pressure meter (not expression on the figure) of spring (66).

Another kind of way, the strut rail (69) that also can adopt the hollow section of a square-section to constitute.Test this strut rail in advance, so that know its distortion under certain pressure.Therefore, this strut rail is installed shown in Figure 14 b, screwed nut (70) till surface (71) deforms.Using strut rail is a kind of good especially embodiment, because also the same with shown in Figure 14 b used a strut rail can strain several anchors and supportted.

Figure 15 a(strides across a water channel) and 15b shown in road constitute by some rectangular slabs (7(72), every such rectangular slab (72) all around its longitudinal axis wrinkle, forms a series of pleat.Thereby vertically a narrower edge of a wing (73) is extended on the limit, the more corresponding edge of a wing (73) of adjacent panels (72) overlap joint is got up, and with general nut and bolt they is linked together.The bottom surface of every block of plate also can brush various suitable antirusting paints.Go up to arrange the common wire lath (90) of one deck at plate (72), this wire lath (90) such as get up with spot-welded on.The limit of profile as shown in figure 16 lid is fixed along the opening of this pleat.The lower flange (76) of limit lid (75) is positioned under the plate (72), and with the bolt that passes the lower flange (76) and the wing (73) lower flange (76) is connected on the plate (72).Limit (77) is near this plate end, the width of flange (78) no better than the top of pleat to the height of this flange (78).The height of upper flange (79) and the deep equality of needed packing material.The upper surface of this flange (79) provides an easy leveling layer for this packing material.

Use the present invention, have significantly a large amount of advantages, these advantages are:

Because the cost of thinner gripper shoe is reduced significantly, so after these gripper shoes use up, also be both economical even forever be embedded in underground. This is in that narrow and small place, if namely do not damage the basis newly built up and wall etc., does not also damage contiguous existing structure, when constructing with regard to the place that may take out hardly this gripper shoe, seems particularly useful.

Another characteristics of this randomness of this gripper shoe are these gripper shoes when staying the job site, and they also can be used as the template on the basis etc. of new structures. After building retaining wall, can there is no need with other resource and manpower needed template to be installed, as being subsequently the used template of basic cast concrete. In this respect, gripper shoe is stayed the job site superiority economically is provided.

Ground has been produced the gripper shoe needed littler impulsive force of being driven underground quite low Shock wave, this shock wave have reduced the probability to the damage of contiguous existing structure.

Compare with using other known method, whole the present invention has used less utensil, these utensils and make the plate needed equipment of being driven underground the structures such as retaining wall can more close existing structure.

In this respect, opposite with stake of the prior art, this plate can be with reverse angle setting, and the eaves of the existing structure of namely not dismantling etc. just can be arranged plate near existing structure.

To a certain extent, retaining wall needed " intensity " is along with the change of " overlap joint " degree of adjacent panels and change. When for example two flangings overlapped, even per two, three meters arrange a bracing piece, in fact, such layout was enough fastening and stable. The intensity of this strength ratio interlocking piles of the prior art is taller, and if necessary, can also pull out this plate and reuse.

Be deposited in owing to get rusty, dirt etc. in the groove of stake of the prior art, in fact they be consolidated, and needs very big power so extract this stake. When using gripper shoe of the present invention, if when need to be from ground this plate being extracted, then without a doubt.

The retaining wall of constructing in reservoir is for example in dam or lake. The water-resisting property of this retaining wall is fine, can partly discharge from a side of this retaining wall the interior water such as dam. After the required work of doing of a side of discharge water is finished, can slowly move this gripper shoe, the current that allow one control flow through under it.

Concerning bank protection, before any excavation, just can build a supporting wall, select the angle of this supporting wall, can reduce wave when making wave from the bank protection upper deflecting and go up a slope; Because supporting wall is fluid-tight basically, if need to excavate in the side that water is arranged, this work then can be carried out from a side that does not have water of this wall.

Use thinner flap and covering surface layer thereon, can greatly reduce the cost of building breakwater, and can improve total intensity.

The present invention be particularly suitable for bank protection-on the water or under water-with for the protection of the coastline, abutment, highway and railway embankment, dam, river course, spillway, filling is general and stormwater channel. Sliding navigation channel, retaining wall, breakwater etc.

If need reinforcement the structures such as various retaining walls, the anchor support is installed quite rapidly and can uses immediately. When the position is leaned on very closely, can only use away from the equipment of blade end anchor support is installed, then with comparalive ease the anchor support is being arranged in such as is nestling up the basis of various existing adjacent buildings, the compact nature of anchor support provides a main advantage. Another advantage is that its cost is more much lower than the cost of existing equipment, and some parts of this anchor support can also be reused. Important advantage is after the anchor support is mounted and works by original requirement, does not need to loosen the stress of this anchor support. Another advantage is that the support of this anchor is different with anchor support of the prior art, in its total useful life whenever, can both be its retighten. In addition, if no longer include constant pulling force on the necessary maintenance retaining wall, when then designing this anchor support and its inserted mode, all other parts that the anchor except blade is supportted can both easily take out from underground.

This basic gripper shoe can be used as highway pavement, even before spreading last surfacing, and it also can bear the load of truck etc. Therefore this plate can be placed directly in such as on the existing ground, basically can at any time prepare to use immediately.

Another major advantage is that various plates of the present invention and anchor support be processing and fabricating on-site. If the building site can provide steel, because the machine of backfin and cutting steel is lightweights, the quantity of so needed parts and shape can both be made in the building site. This shows the expense that can greatly reduce in transportation and making. Estimate that the present invention is much firmer than known existing method. And, just can reach same effect as long as have about 25% of the used cost of method now.

Can think that embodiment described above is several examples, for described the present invention here various variations can also be arranged and do not deviate from inventive concept defined in the following claim.

Claims

1. A support plate for building bearing surfaces such as retaining walls, floor spans, passages, etc., characterized by:

A generally rectangular flap is corrugated about at least its longitudinal axis to create at least one fold in said flap.

2. A joint for a support plate as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:

(a) a generally rectangular flap creased at least about its longitudinal axis so as to create at least one fold in said flap;

(b) means for removably mounting the connector on the support plate;

The number of folds and positions of at least one fold are substantially the same as the number of folds and positions on the support plate.

3. A cutting board that can be driven into the ground to cut tree roots and split rocks. Its characteristics are:

A substantially rectangular flap is corrugated about at least its longitudinal axis to create at least one fold in said flap.

The cutting plate described here can be driven into the ground or less than the ground level, in order to cut off the roots existing in it and split the rocks existing in it.

4. A support plate as claimed in claim 1, or a joint as claimed in claim 2, or a cutting plate as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that said rectangular plate is corrugated so as to form a series of double folds.

5. A folded, jointed or cut plate as claimed in claim 4 wherein said series of folds comprises between five and seven folds.

6. A support plate as claimed in any one of claims 1, 4 or 5, further comprising a narrow flange along the entire length of the two longitudinal sides of the support plate.

7. An accessory for a support plate as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:

1) a generally elongated member adapted to be attached to the top of said support plate;

2) Means capable of detachably connecting said elongated member to the vibrating force source.

8. An accessory as claimed in claim 7, wherein said elongated member is a channel member having a width slightly greater than the depth of the pleats of said at least one fold forming flap.

9. An accessory as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the two sides of said channel member are complementary to the shape of said support plate as claimed in any one of claims 1, 4, 5 or 6.

10. A method for building structures such as retaining walls, the steps of the method are:

Select at least one support plate as described in any one of claims 1, 4 or 5;

If desired, fitting said support plate to a joint as claimed in any one of claims 2, 4 or 5;

driving said support plate to at least approximately the required embedment depth;

If appropriate, remove said joint; and/or if necessary, install an accessory as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 9 on top of the support plate and continue to punch said plate into the desired subsurface depth.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that before selecting said supporting plate, the cutting tool according to any one of claims 3 to 5 is used according to the required angle and embedding depth. The slab is driven into the ground to cut off tree roots and split rocks, etc., and then the so-called cutting slab is pulled out.

12. A method for building slope protection on or under water, the steps of the method are:

Select at least one support plate as claimed in any one of claims 1, 4 or 5;

Fix the support plate to the required depth according to the required inclination angle;

if appropriate, excavate the soil etc. from the side of said support slab; and

A layer or the like is laid on the surface on one side of said support plate, said surface layer can be filled with a material having a suitable hardness.

13. An anchor brace used to fix retaining walls, slope protection and other similar structures at the required positions. The coupler is rotatably connected to one end of the rod, which can be rotated from an initial closed position to a second open position, and the other end of said rod is adapted to be fixed to a retaining wall, slope protection or the like.

14. The anchor as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that said soil binder is:

a) a flat plate, the two sides of which gradually approach to a point at one end, and the other end of said flat plate forms an oblique angle with the plane of the flat plate and is bent upward;

b) curved flaps respectively secured to either side of said plate, each such flap being attached to a curved portion of said plate and to a bifurcated end thereof;

c) a hole in said plate;

d) means of rotational connection across said aperture and permitting said plate to be rotated no more than about 90 degrees.

15. The anchor according to claim 13, wherein said soil binder is:

a) a flat plate, the two sides of which are gradually approached to a point at one end, and the other end of the flat plate is bent upward at an oblique angle to the plane of the flat plate;

b) a hole in said plate; and

c) a rotational connection across said aperture and permitting said plate to rotate no more than about 90 degrees.

16. A method for fixing structures such as retaining walls and slope protection in soil, sand, etc., the steps of the method are:

1) Pass at least one anchor brace as described in any one of claims 13 to 15 and in the first closed state through the wall, slope, etc., according to the required angle and the necessary depth of embedding, inserting it into said soil, sand, etc.;

2) causing said blade means to assume said second open state; and

3) Simultaneously with or after switching to said second open state, secure the other end of said rod by a method effective to prevent any movement due to soil pressure or other pressure, etc. Connected to retaining walls, slope protection, etc.

17. A method as claimed in claim 16, comprising the steps of attaching said anchor to a rod before or simultaneously with passing said anchor through said wall; Put on said rod; Removably connect one end of said sleeve to the first joint, the first joint keeps said anchor in said closed position; Thereafter, put The other end of the outer sleeve is connected to a second joint and removably connects the second joint to a source of repetitive impact force.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein said anchor is first drilled into said soil before passing said anchor through said wall, and said connection is then manually connected. An anchor to a rod is inserted into said channel.

19. The method according to any one of claims 16-18, characterized in that said retaining walls, slope protection, etc. are constructed using the method according to any one of claims 10-12 of.

20. A first linker for use in the method of claim 17 or 19, characterized by:

a) a generally bullet-shaped member in which a section is cut away to create a flat surface on the surface near the tip of said member;

b) an externally threaded tube oriented in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of said part and attached to the tail of said part;

c) fitting a triangular block on the upper surface of said part to form a notch between its bottom surface and said plane;

d) A hole extending the entire longitudinal length of said joint.

21. A method for building roads, etc., the steps of the method are:

Select at least one support plate as claimed in claim 6, and sequentially overlap adjacent narrow flanges of said support plates;

arranging said at least one folded supporting plate transversely to said road traffic direction;

provide a means to hold back the filling; and

A suitable filler material is spread on the upper surface of said support plate.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein said means for retaining filler material is a continuous side cover extending parallel to said direction of traffic flow and connected to said narrow flange.

23. A support plate, characterized in that the support plate is substantially the same as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

24. A joint, characterized in that the joint is substantially the same as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

25. A cutting plate, characterized in that the plate is substantially the same as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

26. An accessory, characterized in that the accessory is substantially the same as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

27. A first joint, characterized in that the first joint is substantially the same as the first joint described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.

28. A method of constructing retaining walls or the like substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

29. A method of constructing revetments or the like substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

30. An anchor, characterized in that the anchor is substantially the same as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

31. A method of securing retaining walls, slope protection, etc., characterized in that the method is substantially the same as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

32. One side cover, characterized in that the side cover is basically the same as the side cover described here with reference to the accompanying drawings.

33. A method of building a road substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.