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CN104053884A - 用于发电站的控制和馈送的方法以及发电站 - Google Patents

用于发电站的控制和馈送的方法以及发电站 Download PDF

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CN104053884A
CN104053884A CN201280046773.2A CN201280046773A CN104053884A CN 104053884 A CN104053884 A CN 104053884A CN 201280046773 A CN201280046773 A CN 201280046773A CN 104053884 A CN104053884 A CN 104053884A
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turbine
tank
compressor
compressed air
feeding
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CN104053884B (zh
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托马斯·塔德乌什马·皮司科兹
沃尔德马·皮司科兹
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
    • F02C6/16—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/06—Stations or aggregates of water-storage type, e.g. comprising a turbine and a pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/17—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing energy in pressurised fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/28—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being a pump or a compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/02—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having a plurality of rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05D2220/72—Application in combination with a steam turbine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的主题是一种用于包括连接到涡轮发电机的蒸汽轮机的发电站、尤其是烧煤发电站的控制和馈送的方法。所述方法在于，在低功率消耗的周期中，动力从涡轮机轴杆传送到压缩器，且在其中压缩的空气通过压缩器泵送到压缩空气终端的罐，直到达到接近于馈送到涡轮机叶片的蒸汽压力的压力为止。当能量需求增加时，来自所述罐的压缩空气连同锅炉中产生的过热蒸汽一起通过喷嘴馈送到所述涡轮机叶片上。本发明的主题还是一种用于收集压缩空气且将其馈送到涡轮机的系统。

Description

用于发电站的控制和馈送的方法以及发电站
技术领域
本发明的主题是用于发电站、尤其是烧煤发电站的控制和馈送的方法，以及用于发电站、尤其是烧煤发电站的控制和馈送的系统。
背景技术
现有技术中已知的是泵送存储发电站，其中在超过电力需求的过剩生产能力的周期中通过将水从较低标高的水库泵送到较高标高的水库而将电能转换为重力势能。必须在夜间维持的电力过剩量在其未由泵送存储发电站以水的势能的形式存储的情况下将永久失去。
发明内容
根据本发明的用于包括连接到涡轮发电机的蒸汽轮机的发电站、尤其是烧煤发电站的控制和馈送的方法在于，在低消耗的周期中，经由随后操作（开-关）的电缩减器或耦合件将过剩能量传送到空气压缩器。从所述过剩能量获得的压缩空气被发送到压缩空气终端的罐，且随后由后续压缩器加压且传送到后续罐直到在该处达到高压力为止，所述压力接近于被引导到涡轮机的蒸汽的压力。在增加的功率消耗的周期中，将压缩空气连同由锅炉产生的蒸汽一起通过喷嘴馈送到至少一个涡轮机级或段的导向叶片。取决于对能量的需求，借助于与功率消耗记录系统耦合的电子电路控制的节流阀来控制待馈送的空气量。同时，将压缩空气从终端供应到锅炉燃烧室。
另外，压缩空气终端的罐连接到与风力农场涡轮机连接的压缩器，且储存如此获得的空气用于在对电能的峰值需求的周期中使用。
在发电站位于流动的水或具有流动水体的含水层附近的情况下，优选对终端的罐馈送来自由水力涡轮机驱动的压缩器的空气。
取决于所收集压缩空气的量和从外部源供应的压缩空气的量，用以驱动涡轮机的蒸汽的共享减少，直到蒸汽完全由压缩空气代替为止。
本发明的主题还是一种用于发电站的馈送的系统。
用于发电站的馈送的系统在于，多级蒸汽与空气涡轮机的轴杆经由电磁离合器或电缩减器与压缩器耦合，所述压缩器的排放管道通过止回阀连接到作为压缩空气站终端的部分的压缩空气缓冲罐。所述罐装配有压力传感器且与管线互联，其中压缩器和止回阀位于所述管线中。最终压缩空气罐经由配备有节流阀的管线连接到安装在涡轮机的每一段或压缩级中的喷嘴。压缩器供应线、节流阀、罐中的压力传感器、电磁离合器或电缩减器连接到涡轮机的电子控制系统，所述系统取决于对电能的需求而管控蒸汽和压缩空气向涡轮机的供应。
优选地，与风力涡轮机耦合的至少一个压缩器连接到压缩空气终端的罐。
优选地，与安装在天然水道中的水力涡轮机耦合的至少一个压缩器连接到终端的罐。另外，终端罐配备有带有阀的管短段，用以连接移动压缩空气罐车。
根据本发明的方法使得可能在没有天然条件来产生位于靠近彼此且不同标高处的两个水库的电站中的过剩能量产生的周期中累积能量。此方法特征在于高效率，且如果位点位置是方便的，那么向发电站馈送燃料变得不必要，因为可对涡轮机馈送使用风能和水能产生的压缩空气。
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具体实施方式
实例
当发生能量过剩时，主压缩器连接到涡轮机动力输出轴，压缩空气从所述压缩器发送到压缩空气终端中当前未填充的罐中的一者。接着，借助于连续的压缩器，将压缩空气泵送通过到连续的罐，其中所述压缩空气在逐渐变高的压力下收集。在最终的罐中，空气从该处馈送到发电站，空气的压力近似等于馈送到涡轮机叶片的蒸汽的压力。当对能量的需求增加时，主压缩器自动断开。安装在空气罐之间的其它压缩器将空气泵送到终端的罐，直到达到指定压力为止，如压力传感器指示。在充足量的空气连接时能量需求增加的情况下，将压缩空气馈送到安装在至少一个涡轮机级处的喷嘴，直到对能量的需求下降或终端的最终罐中的压力下降为止。取决于涡轮机负载，压缩空气馈送到的喷嘴的数目增加或减少。压缩空气终端的罐还连接到与风力涡轮机耦合的压缩器。空气在每一后续罐中压缩直到达到涡轮机馈送蒸汽的标称压力为止。在达到超过对蒸汽轮机提供动力所需的量的供应到空气终端的过剩空气之后，蒸汽馈送关闭，且涡轮机仅基于压缩空气来操作。在压缩空气馈送稳定的情况下，关闭锅炉。
在展示系统单元的连接的图的图式中说明根据本发明的系统。
多级蒸汽与空气涡轮机1的驱动涡轮发电机2的轴杆经由电磁离合器3连接到压缩器4，所述压缩器的排放管道5经由止回阀6连接到作为压缩空气站终端8的部分的压缩空气缓冲罐7。压缩空气罐7、9和9a通过配备有压缩器11和止回阀12的管线10互连。馈送罐9a通过配备有螺线管节流阀14的管线13连接，所述螺线管节流阀将压缩空气通过喷嘴传递到蒸汽与空气涡轮机1的相应级的导向叶片上。压力传感器15安装在罐7、9和9a中。压缩空气罐9中的一者经由配备有止回阀17的管线16连接到压缩器18，所述压缩器与堆叠成塔20的风力涡轮机19耦合。压缩器23也经由配备有止回阀22的管线21连接到压缩空气罐9，所述压缩器与安装在锚固于水道处的平台25上的水力涡轮机耦合。另外，终端8的罐9配备有喷嘴26，用以连接移动压缩空气罐车。蒸汽与空气涡轮机1经由蒸汽歧管27连接到高压锅炉28的蒸发器。螺线管节流阀29位于锅炉28与涡轮机1之间。锅炉28的燃烧室具有与其附接的空气馈送管30，所述管连接到压缩空气终端8的压缩空气罐9a且配备有节流阀31。电磁离合器3、压缩器4和11、节流阀14、29和31以及传感器15与中央控制系统32耦合，所述中央控制系统包含在涡轮发电机2的功率消耗记录系统中。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于具有连接到涡轮发电机的蒸汽轮机的发电站、尤其是烧煤发电站的控制和馈送的方法，其特征在于在低功率消耗的周期中，动力从涡轮机轴杆经由开关离合器传送到至少一个空气压缩器上，且由所述空气压缩器压缩的空气发送到压缩空气终端的罐，且随后所述空气在后续罐中进一步压缩直到达到接近于馈送到涡轮机叶片的蒸汽压力的压力为止，而在增加的功率消耗的情况下，压缩空气连同由锅炉产生的蒸汽一起通过喷嘴馈送到至少一个涡轮机级的叶片，而待馈送的空气量是借助于节流阀来控制，所述节流阀由与功率消耗记录系统耦合的电子电路控制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于发电站的控制和馈送的方法，其特征在于至少一个与风力涡轮机耦合的压缩器连接到所述压缩空气终端的罐。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于发电站的控制和馈送的方法，其特征在于至少一个与水力涡轮机耦合的压缩器连接到所述压缩空气终端的罐。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于发电站的控制和馈送的方法，其特征在于压缩空气从所述终端供应到锅炉燃烧室。
5.一种用于包括连接到涡轮发电机的蒸汽轮机的发电站、尤其是烧煤发电站的控制和馈送的系统，其特征在于多级蒸汽与空气涡轮机（1）的轴杆经由离合器（3）连接到压缩器（4），所述压缩器的排放管道（5）通过止回阀（6）连接到压缩空气缓冲管（7），所述缓冲罐为由与配备有压缩器（11）和止回阀（12）的管线互连的罐（7）、（9）和（9a）组成的压缩空气终端（8）的部分，而罐（9a）经由配备有节流阀（14）的管线（13）与到达安装在所述蒸汽轮机（1）中的喷嘴的操作媒介的入口连接，且另外，管控空气流的每一系统装置连接到自动控制系统。
6.根据权利要求4所述的用于发电站的控制和馈送的系统，其特征在于至少一个与风力涡轮机（19）耦合的压缩器（18）连接到所述终端（8）的所述罐（9）。
7.根据权利要求4所述的用于发电站的控制和馈送的系统，其特征在于与水力涡轮机（24）耦合的压缩器（23）连接到所述终端（8）的所述罐（9）。
8.根据权利要求4所述的用于发电站的控制和馈送的系统，其特征在于所述罐（9）配备有用以连接移动罐车的管短段（26）。
CN201280046773.2A 2011-09-27 2012-09-27 用于发电站的控制和馈送的方法以及发电站 Expired - Fee Related CN104053884B (zh)

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CN117189485A (zh) * 2023-09-25 2023-12-08 上海交通大学 海上风电机两级压缩液态气储能系统

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