CN104033200A - Organic Rankine circulating system of internally-disposed heat pump using mixed organic working medium - Google Patents
Organic Rankine circulating system of internally-disposed heat pump using mixed organic working medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种使用混合有机工质的内置热泵的有机朗肯循环系统，膨胀机的混合有机工质输入通过管路连接引射器的输出，膨胀机的输出通过管路连接ORC冷凝器的输入，ORC冷凝器的输出通过管路连接气液分离器的输入，气液分离器的液相输出通过管路连接工质泵的输入，工质泵的输出通过管路连接高温蒸发器的输入，气液分离器的气相输出通过管路连接四通阀的第三端口，四通阀的第一端口通过管路连接引射器的输入，四通阀的第二端口通过管路连接热泵冷凝器的一端，四通阀的第四端口通过管路连接低温蒸发器的一端，高温蒸发器的输出通过管路连接引射器的输入，低温蒸发器的另一端通过管路连接热泵冷凝器的另一端。本发明实现在同一系统中调节混合有机工质的组分浓度。
An organic Rankine cycle system with a built-in heat pump using a mixed organic working medium. The input of the mixed organic working medium of the expander is connected to the output of the ejector through a pipeline, and the output of the expander is connected to the input of the ORC condenser through a pipeline. ORC The output of the condenser is connected to the input of the gas-liquid separator through the pipeline, the liquid phase output of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the input of the working medium pump through the pipeline, and the output of the working medium pump is connected to the input of the high-temperature evaporator through the pipeline. The gas phase output of the separator is connected to the third port of the four-way valve through the pipeline, the first port of the four-way valve is connected to the input of the ejector through the pipeline, and the second port of the four-way valve is connected to one end of the heat pump condenser through the pipeline , the fourth port of the four-way valve is connected to one end of the low-temperature evaporator through a pipeline, the output of the high-temperature evaporator is connected to the input of the ejector through a pipeline, and the other end of the low-temperature evaporator is connected to the other end of the heat pump condenser through a pipeline. The invention realizes adjusting the component concentration of the mixed organic working medium in the same system.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种有机朗肯循环系统。特别是涉及一种使用混合有机工质的内置热泵的有机朗肯循环系统。The invention relates to an organic Rankine cycle system. In particular, it relates to an organic Rankine cycle system using a built-in heat pump mixed with organic working fluid.
背景技术Background technique
随着能源与环境压力日益凸显，低品位的工业生活余热、废热及可再生热能因其总量巨大而逐渐被人们所关注。有机朗肯循环(Organic Rankine Cycle，ORC)系统作为一项能够高效、环保地将低品位热能转化为电能的技术，已成为低品位能源利用研究的热点。With the increasing pressure on energy and the environment, low-grade waste heat from industrial life, waste heat and renewable heat have gradually attracted people's attention due to their huge amount. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system, as a technology that can efficiently and environmentally friendly convert low-grade thermal energy into electrical energy, has become a hotspot in the research of low-grade energy utilization.
热泵是一项高效的供热、制冷技术，使用热泵技术，往往能产生数倍于输入能量的热量或冷量。在合适的条件下，将热泵和有机朗肯循环技术结合，进行热电冷联产，在满足用户需求的同时，能够弥补单纯使用有机朗肯循环发电的总能源利用率较低的缺陷。Heat pump is an efficient heating and cooling technology. Using heat pump technology, it can often generate heat or cold that is several times the input energy. Under suitable conditions, the combination of heat pump and organic rankine cycle technology for cogeneration of heat, power and cooling can make up for the defect of low total energy utilization rate of purely using organic rankine cycle power generation while meeting user needs.
不同于纯工质，非共沸混合有机工质具有变温相变的特性，吸热过程中与热源更为匹配，可减少因温差变化而引起的火用损失。混合有机工质的组分浓度变化时，其热力性能会随之变化而可以适合不同的热源。Different from pure working fluids, non-azeotropic mixed organic working fluids have the characteristics of temperature-changing phase transition, and are more compatible with the heat source during the heat absorption process, which can reduce the exergy loss caused by the temperature difference change. When the concentration of the components of the mixed organic working fluid changes, its thermodynamic performance will change accordingly and can be suitable for different heat sources.
洪光，张新铭，李建军，内置热泵的热电冷联合有机朗肯循环能效分析，合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版)，Vol.35，No.10，pp.1297-1301，2012。提出了一种在中低温热能利用方面更加高效，且具有热电联产和冷电联产两种运行模式的内置热泵的有机朗肯循环。但是将混合有机工质应用到该系统时，该系统不能灵活地调节混合有机工质的组分浓度，使之分别适应系统中热量转移循环和动力产生循环的特性。同时，在生活和生产过程中，用户往往有供热和供冷同时进行的需求，例如同时有室内冷气和生活热水需求，已有的系统往往无法满足这种需求。Guang Hong, Xinming Zhang, Jianjun Li, Energy Efficiency Analysis of Combined Organic Rankine Cycle with Thermoelectric Cooling with Built-in Heat Pump, Journal of Hefei University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), Vol.35, No.10, pp.1297-1301, 2012. An organic Rankine cycle with a built-in heat pump that is more efficient in the utilization of medium and low temperature heat energy and has two operating modes of combined heat and power and combined cooling and power is proposed. However, when the mixed organic working fluid is applied to the system, the system cannot flexibly adjust the component concentration of the mixed organic working fluid to adapt to the characteristics of the heat transfer cycle and the power generation cycle in the system. At the same time, in the process of life and production, users often have the demand for heating and cooling at the same time, such as indoor air conditioning and domestic hot water demand at the same time, and the existing systems often cannot meet this demand.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，提供一种能够充分发挥混合有机工质的特点，实现在同一系统中调节混合有机工质的组分浓度，使之分别适应系统中热量转移循环和动力产生循环，可有效减少系统的火用损失，提高能源利用效率的使用混合有机工质的内置热泵的有机朗肯循环系统。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method that can give full play to the characteristics of the mixed organic working medium, realize the adjustment of the component concentration of the mixed organic working medium in the same system, and make it suitable for the heat transfer cycle and the power generation cycle in the system respectively. , which can effectively reduce the exergy loss of the system and improve energy utilization efficiency, using an organic Rankine cycle system with a built-in heat pump mixed with organic working fluid.
本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种使用混合有机工质的内置热泵的有机朗肯循环系统，包括有动力输出端与发电机相连的膨胀机，所述膨胀机的混合有机工质输入端通过管路连接用于对高温高压的混合有机工质与低温低压的混合有机工质混流引射的引射器的输出端，所述膨胀机的混合有机工质输出端通过管路连接ORC冷凝器混合有机工质管的输入端，ORC冷凝器混合有机工质管的输出端通过管路连接气液分离器的输入端，所述气液分离器的液相输出端通过管路连接工质泵的输入端，所述工质泵的输出端通过管路连接高温蒸发器混合有机工质管的输入端，所述气液分离器的气相输出端通过管路连接四通阀的第三端口，四通阀的第一端口通过管路连接所述引射器的输入端，四通阀的第二端口通过管路连接热泵冷凝器混合有机工质管的一端，四通阀的第四端口通过管路连接低温蒸发器混合有机工质管的一端，所述高温蒸发器混合有机工质管的输出端通过管路连接所述引射器的输入端，所述低温蒸发器混合有机工质管的另一端通过管路连接所述热泵冷凝器混合有机工质管的另一端。The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: an organic Rankine cycle system with a built-in heat pump using a mixed organic working medium, including an expander with a power output end connected to a generator, and the input end of the mixed organic working medium of the expander The output end of the ejector used for mixed-flow ejection of high-temperature and high-pressure mixed organic working fluid and low-temperature and low-pressure mixed organic working fluid is connected through a pipeline, and the output end of the mixed organic working medium of the expander is connected to ORC condensation through a pipeline The input end of the mixed organic working medium tube of the ORC condenser, the output end of the ORC condenser mixed organic working medium tube is connected to the input end of the gas-liquid separator through a pipeline, and the liquid phase output end of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the working medium through a pipeline The input end of the pump, the output end of the working medium pump is connected to the input end of the high-temperature evaporator mixed organic working medium pipe through a pipeline, and the gas phase output end of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the third port of the four-way valve through a pipeline , the first port of the four-way valve is connected to the input end of the ejector through a pipeline, the second port of the four-way valve is connected to one end of the heat pump condenser mixed organic working medium tube through a pipeline, and the fourth port of the four-way valve is Connect one end of the low-temperature evaporator mixed organic working medium tube through a pipeline, the output end of the high-temperature evaporator mixed organic working medium tube is connected to the input end of the ejector through a pipeline, and the low-temperature evaporator mixed organic working medium The other end of the tube is connected to the other end of the heat pump condenser mixing organic working medium tube through a pipeline.
在所述低温蒸发器混合有机工质管与所述热泵冷凝器混合有机工质管之间相连的管路上设置有节流阀。A throttling valve is arranged on the pipeline connected between the mixed organic working medium pipe of the low temperature evaporator and the mixed organic working medium pipe of the heat pump condenser.
在热电联产模式下，所述四通阀的第四端口与第一端口相连通，第三端口与第二端口相连通，而第一端口第二端口之间不导通，第三端口与第四端口之间不导通。In the combined heat and power mode, the fourth port of the four-way valve is connected to the first port, the third port is connected to the second port, and there is no conduction between the first port and the second port, and the third port is connected to the second port. There is no conduction between the fourth ports.
在冷热电联产模式下，所述四通阀的第一端口与第二端口相连通，第三端口与第四端口相连通，而第一端口与第四端口之间不导通，第二端口与第三端口之间不导通。In the cogeneration mode of cooling, heating and power, the first port of the four-way valve is connected to the second port, the third port is connected to the fourth port, and there is no conduction between the first port and the fourth port. There is no conduction between the second port and the third port.
本发明涉及的使用混合有机工质的内置热泵的有机朗肯循环系统，能够充分发挥混合有机工质的特点，实现在同一系统中调节混合有机工质的组分浓度，使之分别适应系统中热量转移循环和动力产生循环，可有效减少系统的火用损失，提高能源的利用效率，还能够根据需要，具有同时供应冷、热、电的能力。具本发明有如下有益效果：The organic Rankine cycle system with a built-in heat pump using mixed organic working fluids involved in the present invention can give full play to the characteristics of mixed organic working fluids, realize the adjustment of the component concentrations of mixed organic working fluids in the same system, and make them respectively adapt to the system The heat transfer cycle and the power generation cycle can effectively reduce the exergy loss of the system, improve energy utilization efficiency, and have the ability to supply cold, heat, and electricity at the same time as needed. Tool the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1、本发明实现了可以利用低品位热能，采用一套系统进行热电冷联产，而无需额外供电；1. The present invention realizes the use of low-grade heat energy and adopts a system for cogeneration of heat, electricity and cooling without additional power supply;
2、本发明通过部分冷凝、气液分离的方法，改变、调节系统中各子循环的中混合有机工质的组分浓度，使从各个热源吸热的工质与其对应的热源更加匹配，减小系统的换热损失，提高系统的能源利用率；2. The present invention changes and adjusts the component concentration of the mixed organic working medium in each sub-circulation in the system through partial condensation and gas-liquid separation, so that the working medium absorbing heat from each heat source and its corresponding heat source can be more matched, reducing The heat exchange loss of the small system improves the energy utilization rate of the system;
3、本发明有热电联产和冷热电联产两种运行模式，改进了现有一些基于有机朗肯循环的冷热电联产系统不能同时供热和供冷的不足；3. The present invention has two operation modes of combined heat and power and combined cooling, heating and power, which improves the deficiency that some existing combined cooling, heating and power systems based on the Organic Rankine cycle cannot supply heat and cooling at the same time;
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的整体结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
图中in the picture
F1：高温蒸发器的热源管道 F2：低温蒸发器的热源管道F1: heat source pipe of high temperature evaporator F2: heat source pipe of low temperature evaporator
F3：热泵冷凝器的冷源管道 F4：ORC冷凝器的冷源输入管道F3: cold source pipe of heat pump condenser F4: cold source input pipe of ORC condenser
1：高温蒸发器 2：引射器1: High temperature evaporator 2: Ejector
3：膨胀机 4：ORC冷凝器3: expander 4: ORC condenser
5：低温蒸发器 6：热泵冷凝器5: Low temperature evaporator 6: Heat pump condenser
7：节流阀 8：气液分离器7: throttle valve 8: gas-liquid separator
9：四通阀 10：工质泵9: Four-way valve 10: Working medium pump
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明的使用混合有机工质的内置热泵的有机朗肯循环系统做出详细说明。The organic Rankine cycle system using mixed organic working fluid and built-in heat pump of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and drawings.
如图1所示，本发明的使用混合有机工质的内置热泵的有机朗肯循环系统，包括有动力输出端与发电机G相连的膨胀机3，所述膨胀机3的混合有机工质输入端通过管路连接用于对高温高压的混合有机工质与低温低压的混合有机工质混流引射的引射器2的输出端，所述膨胀机3的混合有机工质输出端通过管路连接ORC冷凝器4混合有机工质管的输入端，ORC冷凝器4混合有机工质管的输出端通过管路连接气液分离器8的输入端，所述气液分离器8的液相输出端通过管路连接工质泵10的输入端，所述工质泵10的输出端通过管路连接高温蒸发器1混合有机工质管的输入端。所述气液分离器8的气相输出端通过管路连接四通阀9的第三端口c，四通阀9的第一端口a通过管路连接所述引射器2的输入端，四通阀9的第二端口b通过管路连接热泵冷凝器6混合有机工质管的一端，四通阀9的第四端口d通过管路连接低温蒸发器5混合有机工质管的一端，所述高温蒸发器1混合有机工质管的输出端通过管路连接所述引射器2的输入端，所述低温蒸发器5混合有机工质管的另一端通过管路连接所述热泵冷凝器6混合有机工质管的另一端，并且在所述低温蒸发器5混合有机工质管与所述热泵冷凝器6混合有机工质管之间相连的管路上设置有节流阀7。As shown in Figure 1, the organic Rankine cycle system using the built-in heat pump of the mixed organic working medium of the present invention includes an expander 3 with a power output connected to the generator G, and the mixed organic working medium of the expander 3 is input The end is connected to the output end of the ejector 2 for the mixed-flow injection of the high-temperature and high-pressure mixed organic working fluid and the low-temperature and low-pressure mixed organic working medium through a pipeline, and the mixed organic working medium output end of the expander 3 is passed through the pipeline. Connect the input end of the ORC condenser 4 mixed organic working medium tube, the output end of the ORC condenser 4 mixed organic working medium tube is connected to the input end of the gas-liquid separator 8 through a pipeline, and the liquid phase output of the gas-liquid separator 8 The end is connected to the input end of the working medium pump 10 through a pipeline, and the output end of the working medium pump 10 is connected to the input end of the mixed organic working medium tube of the high temperature evaporator 1 through a pipeline. The gas phase output end of the gas-liquid separator 8 is connected to the third port c of the four-way valve 9 through a pipeline, and the first port a of the four-way valve 9 is connected to the input end of the ejector 2 through a pipeline. The second port b of the valve 9 is connected to one end of the heat pump condenser 6 mixed organic working medium pipe through a pipeline, and the fourth port d of the four-way valve 9 is connected to one end of the low temperature evaporator 5 mixed organic working medium pipe through a pipeline. The output end of the high-temperature evaporator 1 mixed organic working medium tube is connected to the input end of the ejector 2 through a pipeline, and the other end of the low-temperature evaporator 5 mixed organic working medium tube is connected to the heat pump condenser 6 through a pipeline The other end of the mixed organic working medium tube is provided with a throttling valve 7 on the pipeline connected between the low temperature evaporator 5 mixed organic working medium tube and the heat pump condenser 6 mixed organic working medium tube.
本发明的使用混合有机工质的内置热泵的有机朗肯循环系统，在热电联产模式下，即在制热和发电同时进行的模式下，所述四通阀9的第四端口d与第一端口a相连通，第三端口c与第二端口b相连通，而第一端口a第二端口b之间不导通，第三端口c与第四端口d之间不导通。In the organic Rankine cycle system with a built-in heat pump using a mixed organic working medium of the present invention, in the cogeneration mode, that is, in the mode of simultaneous heating and power generation, the fourth port d of the four-way valve 9 is connected to the first One port a is connected, the third port c is connected to the second port b, and the first port a and the second port b are not connected, and the third port c is not connected to the fourth port d.
本发明的使用混合有机工质的内置热泵的有机朗肯循环系统，在冷热电联产模式下，即在制热、制冷和发电同时进行的模式下，所述四通阀9的第一端口a与第二端口b相连通，第三端口c与第四端口d相连通，而第一端口a与第四端口d之间不导通，第二端口b与第三端口c之间不导通。此时与热电联产模式下相比，所述的低温蒸发器5和热泵冷凝器6的功能互换。In the organic Rankine cycle system with a built-in heat pump using a mixed organic working medium of the present invention, in the cogeneration mode of cooling, heating and power, that is, in the mode where heating, cooling and power generation are performed simultaneously, the first of the four-way valve 9 The port a is connected to the second port b, the third port c is connected to the fourth port d, and the first port a is not connected to the fourth port d, and the second port b is not connected to the third port c. conduction. At this time, compared with the cogeneration mode, the functions of the low-temperature evaporator 5 and the heat pump condenser 6 are interchanged.
本发明的使用混合有机工质的内置热泵的有机朗肯循环系统，具有热量转移循环以向用户供热或供冷和动力产生循环以带动发电机发电或直接驱动水泵、风机等其它耗功设备；通过改变系统中三通阀和四通阀的方向，实现系统热电联产和热电冷联产的转换调节；通过引射升温升压和节流降温降压等流程，使混合有机工质的状态发生改变，在热电联产模式下，从低温蒸发器5吸热，从热泵冷凝器6放热，在冷热电联产模式下，从热泵冷凝器6吸热，从低温蒸发器5放热，实现了热量从低温环境向高温环境的转移；通过从ORC冷凝器4冷凝液化，在工质泵中升压，从高温蒸发器1吸热汽化，使混合有机工质的状态发生改变，实现了可以不断从热源吸热并在膨胀机膨胀，将热能转换为机械能。The organic Rankine cycle system with a built-in heat pump using a mixed organic working fluid of the present invention has a heat transfer cycle to provide heat or cooling to users and a power generation cycle to drive a generator to generate electricity or directly drive other power-consuming equipment such as water pumps and fans ;By changing the direction of the three-way valve and the four-way valve in the system, the conversion and adjustment of the cogeneration of heat and power and the cogeneration of heat, electricity and cooling in the system can be realized; When the state changes, in the cogeneration mode, heat is absorbed from the low-temperature evaporator 5 and released from the heat pump condenser 6; in the cogeneration mode, heat is absorbed from the heat pump condenser 6 and released from the low-temperature evaporator 5 Heat transfer from low-temperature environment to high-temperature environment; by condensing and liquefying from ORC condenser 4, boosting pressure in the working medium pump, absorbing heat and vaporizing from high-temperature evaporator 1, changing the state of the mixed organic working medium, It realizes that it can continuously absorb heat from the heat source and expand in the expander to convert heat energy into mechanical energy.
下面，结合图1说明本发明的工作流程：Below, illustrate the workflow of the present invention in conjunction with Fig. 1:
在热电联产模式下，高温蒸发器1的热源管道接入工业生活余热、废热及可再生热能的载体流体，高温蒸发器1的混合有机工质管道的输出端连接引射器2的输入端，低温蒸发器5的热源管道可以通入室外空气、水或地埋管冷热载体流体，低温蒸发器5的混合有机工质管道的输出端连接四通阀9的上侧输入端第四端口d，四通阀9的右侧输出端第一端口a与引射器2的输入端相连，引射器2的输出端与膨胀机3的混合有机工质输入端相连，膨胀机3的混合有机工质输出端连接ORC冷凝器4的混合有机工质输入端，膨胀机3的动力输出端连接发电机G，ORC冷凝器4的混合有机工质输出端连接气液分离器8的输入端，ORC冷凝器4的冷源输入管道可接入空气、生活用水或供热管道循环水，气液分离器8的液相混合有机工质输出端连接工质泵10的输入端，工质泵10的输出端连接高温蒸发器1的混合有机工质输入端，气液分离器8的气相混合有机工质输出端连接四通阀9的左侧输入端第三端口c，四通阀9的下侧输出端第二端口b连接热泵冷凝器6的混合有机工质输入端，热泵冷凝器6的混合有机工质输出端连接节流阀7的混合有机工质输入端，热泵冷凝器6的冷源管道可以接入室内空气、供热供冷管道循环水或其它供热供冷循环介质，节流阀7的输出端连接低温蒸发器5的混合有机工质输入端。在热电冷联产模式下，四通阀9的上侧输出端第四端口d与低温蒸发器5的混合有机工质输入端相连，热泵冷凝器6的混合有机工质输出端连接四通阀9的下侧输入端第二端口b，低温蒸发器5的混合有机工质输出端连接节流阀7的混合有机工质输入端，节流阀7的输出端连接热泵冷凝器6的混合有机工质输入端，低温蒸发器5和热泵冷凝器6的功能互换。In cogeneration mode, the heat source pipeline of high temperature evaporator 1 is connected to the carrier fluid of industrial waste heat, waste heat and renewable heat energy, and the output end of the mixed organic working fluid pipeline of high temperature evaporator 1 is connected to the input end of ejector 2 , the heat source pipeline of the low-temperature evaporator 5 can lead into outdoor air, water or buried pipe cold and heat carrier fluid, and the output end of the mixed organic working medium pipeline of the low-temperature evaporator 5 is connected to the fourth port of the upper input end of the four-way valve 9 d, the first port a of the output end on the right side of the four-way valve 9 is connected to the input end of the ejector 2, and the output end of the ejector 2 is connected to the input end of the mixed organic working medium of the expander 3, and the mixing of the expander 3 The output end of the organic working medium is connected to the input end of the mixed organic working medium of the ORC condenser 4, the power output end of the expander 3 is connected to the generator G, and the output end of the mixed organic working medium of the ORC condenser 4 is connected to the input end of the gas-liquid separator 8 , the cold source input pipeline of the ORC condenser 4 can be connected to air, domestic water or circulating water in heating pipes, and the output end of the liquid-phase mixed organic working medium of the gas-liquid separator 8 is connected to the input end of the working medium pump 10, and the working medium pump The output end of 10 is connected to the input end of the mixed organic working medium of the high-temperature evaporator 1, the output end of the gas-phase mixed organic working medium of the gas-liquid separator 8 is connected to the third port c of the left input end of the four-way valve 9, and the input end of the four-way valve 9 The second port b of the lower output end is connected to the mixed organic working medium input end of the heat pump condenser 6, the mixed organic working medium output end of the heat pump condenser 6 is connected to the mixed organic working medium input end of the throttle valve 7, and the heat pump condenser 6 The cold source pipeline can be connected to indoor air, heating and cooling pipeline circulating water or other heating and cooling circulation medium, and the output end of the throttle valve 7 is connected to the mixed organic working medium input end of the low temperature evaporator 5 . In the combined heat, power and cooling mode, the fourth port d of the upper output end of the four-way valve 9 is connected to the input end of the mixed organic working medium of the low-temperature evaporator 5, and the output end of the mixed organic working medium of the heat pump condenser 6 is connected to the four-way valve The second port b of the lower input end of 9, the output end of the mixed organic working medium of the low-temperature evaporator 5 is connected to the input end of the mixed organic working medium of the throttle valve 7, and the output end of the throttle valve 7 is connected to the mixed organic working medium of the heat pump condenser 6. At the working fluid input end, the functions of the low temperature evaporator 5 and the heat pump condenser 6 are interchanged.
本发明中所述的膨胀机3输出的动力，还可用于带动发电机G以外的其它设备。The power output by the expander 3 described in the present invention can also be used to drive other equipment other than the generator G.
Claims (4)
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