CN104032563B - 一种涤纶混纺织物漂白前处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种涤纶混纺织物的前处理方法。该方法将漂白活化剂N-烟酰基内酰胺与双氧水或其前驱体在水溶液中混合，生成过氧酸，可用于棉/涤、黏/涤、毛/涤等混纺织物的漂白前处理，实现低温、中性、快速漂白。该方法对混纺织物的损伤小，非常适用于贵重混纺织物的漂白处理。并且该漂白活化剂分解后产物为烟酸，对环境无毒无害，符合绿色生产的需要。
Description
技术领域
本发明公开了一种涤纶混纺织物漂白前处理方法，适用于棉/涤、黏/涤、毛/涤等混纺织物的低温、中性漂白前处理加工。
技术背景
涤纶纤维与棉、毛、黏胶等纤维混合，用作服装和甲方材料，以克服其他纤维材料强度低的缺点。但是，混纺织物中因其他纤维含有天然色素，显著降低了织物的白度，因此需经漂白前处理加工，达到服用或后续加工的要求。
传统双氧水漂白前处理通常要求加入NaOH或NaCO3等强碱(pH11-12)、高温(接近100℃)、较长的处理时间(2h或更长时间)，不但造成巨大的能量消耗，增加工厂废水处理负担，而且成混纺织物的严重损伤。
漂白活化剂是有机过氧酸前躯体，可与双氧水在水溶液中发生过氧化水解反应，生成过氧酸。与双氧水相比，过氧酸具有更高的活性，可在低温，近中性条件下有效去除有色杂质。漂白活化剂最初被开发用于家庭和工业洗涤，目前最常用的漂白活化剂有四乙酰乙二胺(TAED)和壬酰氧基苯磺酸钠(NOBS)。然而，TAED的水溶性较差，在很大程度上限制了它在工业漂白中的应用；此外，TAED活化过氧化氢体系在温度低于70℃条件下的漂白效率不高。NOBS需要在碱性条件下(pH>10)应用，如果pH过低(接近中性)或者用量过大，生成的过氧酸可以继续和NOBS发生亲核取代反应生成活性较低的二酰基过氧化物，降低漂白效率。
本发明采用一种新型自主合成的双氧水活化剂N-烟酰基内酰胺作为漂白助剂，对棉/涤，黏/涤等混纺织物进行中性低温漂白，不会对材料基质造成严重损伤，且该双氧水活化剂对环境无毒无害，实现绿色生产。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种涤纶混纺织物漂白前处理方法。该方法是将漂白活化剂，双氧水或其前驱体，双氧水稳定剂等按配方混合，实现在低温、近中性环境下对涤纶混纺织物进行高效漂白，且不对织物造成严重损伤。
该漂白前处理方法可以分三个阶段实施。第一阶段是漂白前处理体系的制备；第二阶段是涤纶混纺织物的低温前处理加工；第三阶段是清洗去除织物表面残留物。
漂白加工前处理中所用表面活性剂可以是一种非离子或阴离子表面活性剂，或多种表面活性剂复配。
所用双氧水稳定剂为TinoclariteWO。
所用酸碱调节剂为醋酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠、柠檬酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠的一种或多种复配。
所用漂白活化剂为N-烟酰基内酰胺，其结构通式如下：
其中内酰胺基团是阳离子型漂白活化剂的离去基团，其通式中n＝1～5，W,X,Y,Z为氢、烷基、芳基、烷氧基、羟基、硝基、氨基、卤素、巯基、氰基以及三氟甲基等基团。
本发明有益效果：能够用于棉/涤、黏/涤、毛/涤等混纺织物的漂白前处理加工；加工环境温和：低温、近中性水浴，短时间；织物损伤小，漂白效果好；所用漂白活化剂为N-烟酰基内酰胺，其漂白后分解物为烟酸(又称维生素B3)，对环境无毒无害。
其作用图解见附图1。
附图说明
图1为新型双氧水漂白活化剂在漂白过后生成烟酸(维生素B3)的过程，其中n＝1～5，W,X,Y,Z为氢、烷基、芳基、烷氧基、羟基、硝基、氨基、卤素、巯基、氰基以及三氟甲基等基团。
具体实施方式
下面通过实例进一步阐述本发明的显著特点，但本发明决不局限于所列实例。
配方：
浴比：30:1
温度：50℃
时间：30min
实例一：棉/涤混纺织物(50:50)的漂白
编号1和3中，除了未加入活化剂，其它条件都与编号2相同。
实例二：黏/涤混纺织物(70:30)
编号3中，除了未加入活化剂，其它条件都与编号4相同。
实例一、实例二均按照配方所示进行操作。可以看出，N-烟酰基内酰胺类活化剂的漂白效果好于同样条件下应用的常规活化剂TAED。
Claims (5)
1.一种涤纶混纺织物漂白前处理方法，其特征在于：将漂白活化剂与双氧水复配并应用到涤纶混纺织物的漂白前处理加工，漂白温度为25℃-80℃，在pH7±1水溶液中进行漂白，漂白活化剂为N-烟酰基内酰胺，其结构通式如下：
其中：n＝1～5，W,X,Y,Z为氢、烷基、芳基、烷氧基、羟基、硝基、氨基、卤素、巯基、氰基或者三氟甲基。
2.根据权利要求1所述涤纶混纺织物漂白前处理方法，其特征在于：漂白活化剂N-烟酰基内酰胺漂白后分解产物为烟酸或其衍生物。
3.根据权利要求1所述涤纶混纺织物漂白前处理方法，其特征在于：所用漂白活化剂与双氧水的浓度分别为：2-10g/L、5-15g/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述涤纶混纺织物漂白前处理方法，其特征在于：漂白时间为20-60min。
5.根据权利要求1所述涤纶混纺织物漂白前处理方法，其特征在于：漂白活化剂与双氧水复配物不仅能够用于各类涤纶混纺织物的漂白前处理加工，还可以用于造纸，医疗领域的漂白过程。
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0412058A1 (en) * | 1989-06-12 | 1991-02-06 | Sigma-Tau Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.p.A. | 1-acyl-2-pyrrolidinones as enhancers of learning and memory and pharmaceutical compositions containing same |
| CN103046383A (zh) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-04-17 | 江南大学 | 一种酶氧一浴棉型织物低温前处理方法 |
| CN103225199A (zh) * | 2013-05-07 | 2013-07-31 | 江南大学 | 一种织物常温漂洗体系的制备及应用方法 |
| CN103554024A (zh) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-02-05 | 江南大学 | 一种具有表面活性的阳离子型漂白活化剂的合成方法 |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0412058A1 (en) * | 1989-06-12 | 1991-02-06 | Sigma-Tau Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.p.A. | 1-acyl-2-pyrrolidinones as enhancers of learning and memory and pharmaceutical compositions containing same |
| CN103046383A (zh) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-04-17 | 江南大学 | 一种酶氧一浴棉型织物低温前处理方法 |
| CN103225199A (zh) * | 2013-05-07 | 2013-07-31 | 江南大学 | 一种织物常温漂洗体系的制备及应用方法 |
| CN103554024A (zh) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-02-05 | 江南大学 | 一种具有表面活性的阳离子型漂白活化剂的合成方法 |
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