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CN104027832B - 吸收材料 - Google Patents

吸收材料 Download PDF

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CN104027832B
CN104027832B CN201410092271.4A CN201410092271A CN104027832B CN 104027832 B CN104027832 B CN 104027832B CN 201410092271 A CN201410092271 A CN 201410092271A CN 104027832 B CN104027832 B CN 104027832B
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fiber
acid
absorbing material
superabsorbent
dressing
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CN104027832A (zh
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格赖梅·凯特威尔
菲利普·马丁·贝克
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Special Fibers And Material Co Ltd
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Special Fibers And Material Co Ltd
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    • A61L26/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form
    • A61L26/0009—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form containing macromolecular materials
    • A61L26/0052—Mixtures of macromolecular compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
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    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
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    • A61L15/28—Polysaccharides or their derivatives
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    • A61L15/60—Liquid-swellable gel-forming materials, e.g. super-absorbents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L26/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L26/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form
    • A61L26/0009—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form containing macromolecular materials
    • A61L26/0014—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form containing macromolecular materials obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • A61L26/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form
    • A61L26/0009—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form containing macromolecular materials
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    • A61L26/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form
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    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F2013/530131—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp
    • A61F2013/530226—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp with polymeric fibres
    • A61F2013/530299—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp with polymeric fibres being hydrophilic fibres
    • A61F2013/530306—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp with polymeric fibres being hydrophilic fibres coated with superabsorbent polymer
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    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
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    • A61F2013/530481—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials
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    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
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    • A61F2013/530481—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials
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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于创伤敷料的吸收材料。所述吸收材料包含超吸收凝胶形成纤维和非凝胶形成纤维的共混物，其中纤维的共混物不包含由多糖形成的超吸收凝胶形成纤维。

Description

吸收材料
技术领域
本发明涉及超吸收材料，所述超吸收材料可以用于制备吸收制品如创伤敷料，并且尤其是用于治疗慢性、未愈合创伤的创伤敷料。
背景技术
可用作高级创伤护理敷料中的组分的吸收纤维是本领域中已知的，尤其是基于海藻酸、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、羧甲基脱乙酰壳多糖、纤维素乙基磺酸酯(CES)和其盐的纤维。纤维创伤敷料可以典型地吸收每100cm2敷料高达20-25g的创伤渗出物。严重渗出创伤如糖尿病腿部溃疡每24h每10cm2可以渗出5-10g的液体。比如80cm2创伤因此将在数小时内浸透100cm2纤维创伤敷料，迫使必须更换敷料。为了部分克服这个问题，在高级创伤护理敷料中通常使用超吸收材料。
标准超吸收材料，如基于聚丙烯酸和其盐的那些，当它们吸收流体并且变湿时软化并且丧失它们的机械强度。这在打算将该材料用作创伤敷料时是特别不适宜的，在这种情况下可能需要在将其替换之前将用过的敷料作为一整片移除。机械强度的丧失可以导致敷料的破裂，这可以导致并发症、患者的疼痛和不适以及处理时间的延长。
在吸收创伤敷料如Sorbion Sachet S(Sorbion Gmbh&Co，Germany)和Vliwasorb，(Lohmann and Rauscher Gmbh＆Co，Austria)中，粉末化的超吸收材料通常与填充剂如纤维素短纤(fluff)组合使用。在这些敷料中，超吸收粉末当变湿时的差机械强度通过将材料包封在非织造外囊中克服。所述囊可以由柔软质地的纺织材料制成，例如多孔的或网型的疏水绒头织物型膜如聚乙烯或聚丙烯膜或天然纤维织物或绒头织物。敷料如SorbionSachet S和Vliwasorb敷料也不适合用于在空腔创伤中使用。归因于这些敷料非常大的吸收能力，当吸收创伤渗出物时它们膨胀为它们原始大小的很多倍，潜在地导致患者的疼痛和损伤并延长处理时间。含有粉末形式的超吸收材料的敷料还可以不利地展现凝胶阻塞，其中超吸收颗粒的表面胶凝，阻止流体转移并且使得颗粒的内部干燥。这可以降低敷料的整体吸收性并且可能潜在地导致创伤周边皮肤有害的浸渍。归因于这些敷料非常大的吸收能力，当变湿时它们缺乏柔性。
其他创伤敷料如Askina Absorb+(B.Braun Melsungen AG)和Sorbsan Plus SA(Aspen Medical，UK)寻求通过使用超吸收纤维代替粉末材料克服这个问题。这两者都含有包含纤维素短纤浆、超吸收纤维和热塑性双组分纤维的织物。热塑性双组分纤维用于将超吸收纤维和短纤浆的单个丝熔合在一起，否则当其变湿时将无用地变弱。Askina Absorb+中使用的超吸收纤维被包含在无纺外囊中，乍一看，不同于在产品如Sorbion Sachet或Vliwasorb中使用的类型。Sorbsan Plus SA中使用的以包含纤维素短纤浆、超吸收纤维和热塑性双组分纤维的织物的多层结构存在的超吸收纤维被针刺结合为接触创伤的海藻酸钙层。衬里层可以包含两个外层，其为短纤浆和低熔点粘合剂的共混物，以及芯吸收层，其为短纤浆、凝胶形成聚合物超吸收纤维和低熔点粘合剂的共混物。然而，归因于它们的多个层，这些敷料非常厚并且不可弯曲，具有250-300g/m2的典型重量。因为含有纤维素短纤浆、超吸收纤维和热塑性双组分纤维的织物中的大量的非吸收热塑性纤维，每克的吸收性相对低，与传统的纤维创伤敷料相当或仅略好。
Cotton在GB0905341.4中寻求提供一种用于加强超吸收材料的方法。层状布置由夹在两个外加强层之间的单个的内吸收层形成。Cotton公开了向该层状布置施加高频机械振动能够带来通过摩擦产生的局部热。因为该层状布置含有加热时熔化的热塑性材料，所产生的热使得这些层焊接在一起以形成复合吸收材料。加强吸收材料的这种方法依赖于将至少两种不同的纤维(其中至少一种含有热塑性合成纤维)超声焊接在一起。合成的热塑性纤维是不利的，因为它们不吸收流体，并且在该申请中是给吸收制品增加质量和成本而不增加吸收流体的能力。
发明内容
本发明的目标是减轻上面描述的问题中的至少一些。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供一种包含超吸收凝胶形成纤维和非凝胶形成纤维的共混物的吸收材料，其中纤维的共混物不包含由多糖形成的超吸收凝胶形成纤维。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供一种包含纤维的共混物的吸收材料，所述纤维的共混物由单一类型的超吸收凝胶形成纤维和非凝胶形成纤维组成。
通过术语‘共混物’，将明白的是将超吸收凝胶形成纤维和非凝胶形成纤维紧密地混合以形成纤维的均质混合物。
将明白的是，除非另外声明，下面的声明相同地应用于本发明的第一和第二方面。
超吸收凝胶形成纤维可以由超吸收聚合物形成。将明白的是，超吸收聚合物是能够以多至其自身重量500倍的量吸收水的聚合物。在一些实施方案中，超吸收聚合物能够以其自身重量的大于10，大于20，大于30，大于40，大于60，或大于100倍的量吸收水。在一些实施方案中，超吸收凝胶形成纤维能够吸收每g纤维至少15，至少20，至少30，至少50，至少75或至少100g的液体(例如水或盐水)。在一些实施方案中，超吸收聚合物能够吸收每克纤维大于20，大于40，大于60，大于80，或大于100g的液体(例如水或盐水)。
在一些实施方案中，超吸收聚合物是合成聚合物。合适的合成聚合物可以由可聚合不饱和含酸单体，如不饱和羧酸和酸酐，不饱和磺酸以及它们的组合制备。可用的不饱和羧酸和羧酸酸酐单体包括，例如，丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、乙基丙烯酸、氯丙烯酸、氰基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、苯基丙烯酸、丙烯酰氧基丙酸(acrytoxypropionic acid)、山梨酸、氯山梨酸、当归酸、肉桂酸、对氯肉桂酸、硬脂酰丙烯酸、衣康酸、柠康酸、中康酸、戊烯二酸、乌头酸、马来酸、富马酸、三羧基乙烯酸酐、马来酸酐，以及它们的组合。
可用于制备合成的超吸收聚合物的不饱和磺酸单体包括脂族和芳族乙烯基磺酸(例如，乙烯基磺酸、烯丙基磺酸、乙烯基甲苯磺酸和苯乙烯磺酸)、丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸磺酸(例如，磺基乙基丙烯酸酯、磺基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、磺基丙基丙烯酸酯、磺基丙基甲基丙烯酸酯、2-羟基-3-甲基丙烯酰基氧基丙基磺酸和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙烷磺酸)，以及它们的组合。
在一些实施方案中，超吸收聚合物选自由以下各项组成的组：聚丙烯酸酯或其共聚物；酸酐如聚(马来酸酐)的聚合物或其共聚物；具有羧酸基团或其盐的聚合物，如丙烯酸、马来酸、甲基丙烯酸或其衍生物的聚合物；丙烯酰胺的聚合物(例如聚丙烯酰胺)或其共聚物；聚环氧乙烷(PEO)；聚乙烯醇(PVOH)；接枝共聚物；或其混合物。合适的丙烯酰胺的聚合物或其共聚物包括聚丙烯酰胺、polyAMPs(聚-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸)或其钠盐，以及丙烯酰胺-共-丙烯酸(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)。
在一些实施方案中，超吸收聚合物是聚丙烯酸酯或其共聚物。聚丙烯酸酯是来源于包含丙烯酸的酯的单体的合成聚合物，例如聚(甲基丙烯酸羟基酯)，以及丙烯酸及其衍生物的聚合物的盐的一个大组。
适用于本发明的聚丙烯酸酯或其共聚物包括聚丙烯酸钠、聚甲基丙烯酸钠，以及丙烯酸与其他单体的共聚物。另外的实例包括丙烯酸与乙烯基吡咯烷酮单体，任选地与二丙烯酸酯交联剂的共聚物，丙烯酸与马来酸或水解的马来酸酐的共聚物。共聚物还可以包含烯烃，如乙烯。
在一些实施方案中聚合物或共聚物是交联的。
聚丙烯酸酯纤维的一个实例是‘SAF’(TM)，由Technical Absorbent Limited(Grimsby，UK)出售的可商购纤维。SAF(TM)由丙烯酸(AA)甲基丙烯酸酯(MA)和少量的其中丙烯酸部分地中和为丙烯酸的钠盐(AANa)的特殊丙烯酸酯/甲基丙烯酸酯单体(SAMM)的交联聚合物形成。可以获得不同纤维长度，线密度和具有不同交联度的SAF(TM)纤维，从而产生不同的吸收水平。因此，在一些实施方案中，超吸收凝胶形成纤维是SAF。
在本发明的第二方面的一些实施方案中，超吸收凝胶形成纤维由接枝聚合物形成。接枝聚合物是接枝至另一个合适的聚合物的主链，如多糖主链上的聚合物。接枝聚合物可以是均聚物或共聚物。用于接枝聚合物的形成的合适的聚合物包括聚丙烯酸或丙烯酰胺-共-丙烯酸。这些聚合物可以接枝至脱乙酰壳多糖、纤维素、淀粉、瓜尔胶、角叉胶、海藻酸盐，或合成聚合物如PVOH的主链上。
在本发明的第二方面的一些实施方案中，超吸收凝胶形成纤维由多糖形成。合适的多糖包括海藻酸盐(即海藻酸的盐)、改性纤维素、改性脱乙酰壳多糖、瓜尔胶、角叉胶、果胶、淀粉或其混合物。术语‘改性的’将被理解为意指多糖分子已经被化学改性，例如通过附加官能团的共价连接。改性纤维素的实例包括羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、纤维素乙基磺酸酯(CES)和纤维素乙基磺酸酯。改性脱乙酰壳多糖的实例包括羧甲基脱乙酰壳多糖，乙基磺酸化脱乙酰壳多糖和羧乙基脱乙酰壳多糖。
在本发明的第二方面的一些实施方案中，超吸收凝胶形成纤维不由改性纤维素形成。在一些实施方案中，超吸收凝胶形成纤维不由CES形成。在一些实施方案中，超吸收凝胶形成纤维不由海藻酸盐形成。在其他实施方案中，超吸收凝胶形成纤维不由多糖形成。
在一些实施方案中，非凝胶形成纤维是天然存在的纤维，例如棉花。在其他实施方案中，非凝胶形成纤维是半合成纤维，尤其是基于纤维素的半合成纤维如人造丝(rayon)(也称为‘粘胶(viscose')’或‘粘胶人造丝(viscose-rayon)’)或天丝纤维(lyocellfibre)(由溶剂纺非改性纤维素形成)。在其他实施方案中，非凝胶形成纤维是(完全地)合成纤维如尼龙纤维(由聚酰胺制造)、丙烯酸纤维(由聚乙腈制造)，或由聚酯或聚烯烃(例如聚丙烯、聚乙烯)，或其共聚物制造的纤维。
在一些特定的实施方案中，非凝胶形成纤维是天丝纤维。这些可以通过有机溶剂纺丝过程获得，例如使用多种氧化胺作为溶剂。尤其是，具有水(约12％)的N-甲基吗啉N-氧化物(″NMNO″)被证明为特别有用的溶剂。用于制备纤维素纤维的方法的实例描述在McCorsley等，美国专利号4,142,913；4,144,080；4,211,574；4,246,221；和4,416,698等中。Jurkovi等，美国专利号5,252,284和Michels等，美国专利号5,417,909特别研究了用于将溶解在NMMO中的纤维素纺丝的挤出喷嘴的几何形状。Brandner等，美国专利号4,426,228是公开了使用多种化合物充当稳定剂以便防止纤维素和/或溶剂在加热的NMMO溶液中降解的相当大数目的专利中的示例。Franks等，美国专利号4,145,532和4,196,282研究了将纤维素溶解在氧化胺溶剂中并获得更高浓度的纤维素的困难性。这些专利全部通过引用结合在此。天丝纤维可在商品名‘TENCEL’(RTM)下商购自Lenzing AG，Austria。因此，在一些实施方案中，非凝胶形成纤维是TENCEL。
天然存在的非凝胶形成纤维，尤其是半合成纤维如基于纤维素的那些的使用是有益的，因为这些纤维提供强度，同时也能够吸收液体。在一些实施方案中，该材料不含有任何(完全地)合成的非凝胶形成纤维(即仅由天然存在的和/或半合成纤维构成的纤维共混物)。这些实施方案是特别有益的，因为在材料中没有非吸收纤维，从而最大化每克材料的吸收性。
在一些实施方案中，非凝胶形成纤维(纤维形式的)能够吸收每克纤维大于0.5，大于0.8，大于1.0，大于1.2，大于1.5，或大于2.0g液体。在一些实施方案中，非凝胶形成纤维(纤维形式)能够吸收每g纤维大约1g的液体。
在一些实施方案中，超吸收凝胶形成纤维是聚丙烯酸酯(例如SAF)并且非凝胶形成纤维是半合成纤维。在特定的实施方案中，超吸收凝胶形成纤维是聚丙烯酸酯(例如SAF)和非凝胶形成纤维是天丝纤维如TENCEL。
在一些实施方案中，吸收材料包含，以材料的总纤维含量的重量计，至少30％，至少40％，至少50％，至少60％，至少70％或至少80％的超吸收凝胶形成纤维。在一些实施方案中，吸收材料包含，以材料的总纤维含量的重量计，不大于90％，不大于80％，不大于70％，不大于60％，不大于50％或不大于40％的超吸收凝胶形成纤维。
在一些实施方案中，吸收材料包含，以材料的总纤维含量的重量计，至少10％，至少20％，至少30％，至少40％，至少50％或至少60％的非凝胶形成纤维。在一些实施方案中，吸收材料包含，以材料的总纤维含量的重量计，不大于70％，不大于60％，不大于50％，不大于40％，不大于30％或不大于20％的超吸收凝胶形成纤维。
在另外的实施方案中，吸收材料包含，以材料的总纤维含量的重量计，30至90％或40％至60％的超吸收凝胶形成纤维和10至70％或60％至40％的非凝胶形成纤维。在特定的实施方案中，材料包含50％超吸收凝胶形成纤维和50％的非凝胶形成纤维。
在一些实施方案中，吸收材料具有不大于500g/m2，不大于400g/m2，不大于300g/m2，不大于200g/m2，不大于150g/m2，不大于120g/m2，不大于100g/m2，不大于80g/m2，不大于60g/m2，不大于50g/m2或不大于40g/m2的重量。
在一些实施方案中，吸收材料具有每克材料大于18，大于19，大于20，大于22，大于24，大于26，或大于28克的液体(水或盐水)的吸收性。
本发明的吸收材料可以是薄片的形式。在一些实施方案中，材料是非织造的。材料可以通过将纤维梳理(carding)、空中压条(air-laying)和/或针刺结合(needle-bonding)，或通过使用非水性溶剂将纤维液力交缠(hydro-entangling)制备。在一些实施方案中，吸收材料通过包括对纤维进行梳理和任选地针刺结合的方法制成。这种方法是本领域技术人员公知的。
吸收材料可以包含一种或多种任选的成分如防腐剂，抗菌剂或其他药物活性剂。例如，可以包括抗生素(例如青霉素)、抗菌剂(如银，PHMB(聚己亚甲基双胍))、防腐剂(例如聚维酮碘)、消炎剂(如氢化可的松)，或其他试剂(如氧化锌)。这种任选的试剂可以通过喷雾、涂布、浸渍或通过本领域技术人员已知的任何其他方法施加至吸收材料或制品。
根据本发明的第三方面提供一种吸收制品，其包含根据本发明的第一方面的吸收材料。
吸收制品可以包括创伤敷料、一次性卫生制品如尿布(兜布)、一次性尿布和训练裤、女性护理产品，例如，棉球、卫生巾，或餐巾和裤衬，以及失禁产品。在特定的实施方案中，本发明提供包含根据本发明的第一或第二方面的吸收材料的创伤敷料。
在一些实施方案中，创伤敷料可以是药签、创伤贴、填料带、海绵、网和绷带的形式。
本发明的第一方面的吸收材料可以形成多个层中的一个。因此在一些实施方案中，创伤敷料是多层敷料，其可以包含至少2或至少3层。包含本发明的吸收材料的多层敷料比可商购的多层敷料更柔软并且吸收性更强，并且因此对患者提供提高的舒适度。它们也更加便于使用，因为与多个分开的组件相比，单个的、多层敷料对于护理者向伤口施用来说更简单且更迅速。
在一些实施方案中，创伤敷料包含第一层，所述第一层包含本发明的第一方面的吸收材料或由其组成，以及由任意合适的材料形成的第二层。第二层的材料可以根据其所需功能选择。例如，第二层可以提供吸收性、垫充、防水或支撑。多种合适的创伤敷料材料是可商购的并且将是本领域技术人员已知的。在一些实施方案中，第二层由另一种已知的吸收材料(如海藻酸盐)形成，其有益地增加敷料的吸收性。在其他实施方案中，创伤敷料包含结合至泡沫层的本发明的第一方面的吸收材料。泡沫可以是亲水泡沫如EP2498829中描述的那种。
在一些实施方案中，创伤敷料包含三个层。在一些特定的实施方案中，创伤敷料包含两个外层和一个内芯，其中内芯包含本发明的第一方面的吸收材料或由其组成。外层可以包含任意合适的材料，例如海藻酸盐、泡沫、CES、CMC或纤维素短纤浆和合适的粘合剂。外层可以形成创伤接触层。三层组合可用作用于空腔创伤的带敷料。通过提供两个创伤接触层和由本发明的第一方面的吸收材料形成的芯层，与现有技术比较敷料的吸收性增加。
在一些实施方案中，创伤敷料另外地包含创伤接触层。接触层是与施用有所述材料的表面(例如皮肤或创伤)接触的层。接触层便利地增加材料的吸收性，并且还可以有助于防止该材料粘结至表面。接触层还可以提供另外的益处，包括防止潮湿环境和/或递送治疗剂或其他试剂，例如有助于创伤愈合的试剂。
在一些实施方案中，创伤接触层是非织造的或多孔的聚合物膜，其被施用至敷料的一个或多个表面。在一些实施方案中，创伤接触层包含海藻酸盐，如海藻酸钙或海藻酸银或由其组成。
在一些实施方案中，创伤接触层包含以下各项或由以下各项组成：海藻酸盐、改性纤维素纤维(如羟甲基纤维素(CMC)或纤维素乙基磺酸酯(CES)、水凝胶或泡沫(例如聚氨酯、海藻酸盐、纤维素或改性纤维素泡沫)。合适的水凝胶可以包括交联的疏水聚合物。聚合物可以是多糖(例如海藻酸盐、明胶、果胶)或合成聚合物(例如，基于2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸(AMPS)、PEG、PVP、PVOH等的聚合物)。合适的水凝胶是可商购的，例如，得自Lohmann&Rauscher。
在一些实施方案中，创伤接触层包含海藻酸盐或由其组成。海藻酸盐盐可以包含单价阳离子或多价阳离子，尤其是二价阳离子，条件是二价阳离子不是Mg2+。在一些实施方案中，海藻酸盐是海藻酸钙、海藻酸钠钙(sodium calcium alginate)、海藻酸钠、海藻酸银、海藻酸铜或其混合物。在一些实施方案中，海藻酸盐是海藻酸钙。
可以使用具有一定范围的M/G比(D-甘露糖醛酸酯与L-古洛糖醛酸酯的比例)的海藻酸盐纤维。M∶G比中M含量的合适的范围为30∶70并且更优选为40∶60。
本发明的吸收材料可以通过任意合适的方式，如针刺、热结合、超声焊接、缝合、针脚式接合、粘合等，连接或结合至多层创伤敷料中的其他材料或层(如创伤接触层)。这种技术将是本领域技术人员已知的。
具体实施方式
现在将仅通过实施例描述本发明的实施方案。
实施例
实施例1：吸收性
使用样品梳理机(card)和横向折叠机(cross folder)用TENCEL纤维(LenzingFibres，Grimsby，UK)梳理SAF(Technical Absorbents，Grimsby，UK)从而产生梳理纤维网。将该梳理纤维网使用TexTex针刺机(needle loom)针刺从而产生材料A、B和C。通过称量5cmx5cm样品材料片(W1)测量吸收性。接下来，将样品在37℃放置在培养皿中的溶液A(在2L水中的16.6g NaCl和0.74g CaCl2.2H2O)中达30分钟。之后，通过夹持方形的一个角将该方形从培养皿取出，并且允许样品排水30秒。之后将样品再称重以获得最终重量(W2)。织物吸收性由((W2-W1)/W1)给出。
在吸收性测试之后立即对每个样品确定材料的保留值。
在记录培养皿吸收性测试中样品的重量之后，将样品放置在蓝色纸辊(八层)上。将重1358g并被认为相当于等于40mmHg的压力的透明塑胶(perspex)片放置在上部达30秒并且之后移除。将样品使用镊子移除并称重。根据式((W3-W1)/W1)确定保留值，其中W3是压缩之后的湿重并且W1是干重。
测量以下材料的吸收性和保留值，结果在下面的表1中给出：
A：40:60SAF：TENCEL(120g/m2)
B：50:50SAF：TENCEL(120g/m2)
C：60:40SAF：TENCEL(120g/m2)
D：海藻酸钙
E：DURAFIBER
F：AQUACEL Extra
表1
从以上数据可以看出，与海藻酸钙和其他商业创伤敷料产品相比，以40∶60或60∶40SAF∶TENCEL(以重量计)的比，材料的吸收性和保留值两者都提高。出乎意料地观察到，以50∶50SAF∶TENCEL(以重量计)的比，吸收性和保留值两者都显著地增加。
实施例2：抗拉强度
使用以下方案测量当变湿时材料A-F的抗拉强度。结果在下面的表2中给出。
1.将样品在横向(CD)/轴向(machine direction)(MD)上切割为10cm x2.5cm。
2.在距样品的每一端2.5cm处跨越宽度画一条线从而在中间给出5cm标记段。
3.使用通用测试机(Universal Testing Machine)(如由Instron制造的那些)，安装样品以使得每个钳夹的边缘在标记在织物上的线上
4.将2.5ml的溶液A缓慢地施加至钳夹之间的织物区段：
5.使其静置1分钟。
6.将十字头速度设定为100mm/分钟。开始测试并允许样品拉伸至断裂。
7.停止测试。移除样品。将十字头回至起始位置。
8.软件计算断裂负载、拉伸和以N/cm计的抗拉强度。
表2
湿抗拉强度(N/cm) A B C E F G
MD 11.3 8.0 7.0 1.0 2.5 2.4
CD 18.7 19.5 8.8 1.9 3.8 7.2
从表2中的数据可以看出，与已知的材料相比，SAF∶TENCEL共混物(材料A、B和C)的湿抗拉强度在轴向和横向上都显著地增加。与商业创伤敷料(F和G)相比，50∶50SAF∶TENCEL共混物的湿抗拉强度在轴向上大超过3倍，在横向上大超过2.5倍。出乎意料地，40∶60SAF∶TENCEL共混物在轴向上的湿抗拉强度比商业产品的大超过4倍，并且比海藻酸钙的大超过10倍。

Claims (3)

1.一种吸收材料，所述吸收材料包含超吸收凝胶形成纤维和非凝胶形成纤维的共混物，其中所述超吸收凝胶形成纤维由聚丙烯酸酯或其共聚物形成，其中所述非凝胶形成纤维是天丝纤维，并且其中所述吸收材料包含，以所述材料的总纤维含量的重量计，40至50％的所述超吸收凝胶形成纤维和60至50％的所述非凝胶形成纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸收材料，其中所述材料具有每克材料大于18克液体的吸收性。
3.一种创伤敷料，所述创伤敷料包含根据权利要求1所述的吸收材料。
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