CN1040047A - Exhaust air control equipment for air supply ducts - Google Patents

Abstract

Flow to a kind of equipment of acceptable response device from container with uniform mass velocity in order to the mixture of setting up and keep powdery solid and gas.This equipment has an air feed pipe that is hung in the particulate solids mixture, and it keeps uniform mass velocity as the fluidisation valve.Portion gas can upwards blow, to help this flowing.

Description

The discharge control device of air feed pipe

The invention relates to a kind of reliable high-pressure dry process coal-supply system.

The present invention is especially relevant with a kind of equipment, and it can make the mixture of particulate solids and gas enter the acceptable response device with uniform mass velocity under high temperature, high pressure.More particularly, the present invention can be the coal-gas producer pulverized coal conveying in the gas production process.

The fluctuation that conventional dependence gravity transfer solid coal-supply system (as the coal-supply system of coal burning boiler) can bear the mass velocity and the suspension density of bigger coal.

Produce various handling equipments, for example carried the equipment of cereal and coal.They all are tending towards utilizing the effect of gravity and make the solid particulate that is transported easier to be mobile.And United States Patent (USP) 3,289,396,3,367,724,4,529,336,3,424,352 and 4,067,623 some equipment that disclosed all are about providing flour by " effectively discharging " in the storage bin, and for fear of put up a bridge and discharging incomplete.But these equipment can not keep carrying equably to the acceptable response device with uniform mass velocity the mixture of crushed solid particles and gas.

The present invention is exactly this type of problem that will solve in this technology.

The invention provides a set of equipment, it can make the mixture of crushed solid particles and gas flow into the acceptable response device with uniform mass velocity from storage facilities.Its feature is: have a container that said mixture is imported, this container is convergent contour up and down, forms the sub-material mouth of at least one said mixture on the top; A ventilation plant is arranged in the said vesse, is above-mentioned crushed solid particles air feed; And be provided with the equipment of discharging crushed solid particles in the said vesse.

With reference now to accompanying drawing,, the present invention will be described in more detail with example:

Fig. 1. showed that is adopted a specific embodiments gasification system of the present invention;

Fig. 2. be the II-II sectional view among Fig. 1;

Fig. 3. be the isometric view of first optimum implementation of air supply device of the present invention;

Fig. 4. be the isometric view of second optimum implementation of the present invention;

Fig. 5. be the isometric view of another optimum implementation of the present invention.

In coal gasification reactor (hereinafter all being called gas producer), in 1000～3000 ℃ relatively-high temperature scope, under the pressure of about 1～70 bar, and under aerobic or the oxygen-containing gas existence, the imperfect combustion of carbon element fuel (such as coal) can produce coal gas. Such as needs, available nitrogen or other inert gas dilution water vapour, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxygen-containing gas (comprising air and oxygen-enriched air).

In the present invention, the mixture of fuel and gas is discharged from a feeding container that preferably has a plurality of No Exits. Each outlet is communicated with the burner of gas producer with at least one. Generally, the burner of gas producer is according to the diametric(al) positioned opposite. But this is required for the present invention wanting not. In general, burner has a discharge end, and it is located at the position of being convenient to flame and combustion medium importing gas producer.

In the production course of gas, particularly importantly pulverized solid fuel is sent into burner in the coal-gas producer in uniform mode.Giving the fluctuation of the mass velocity of coal-gas producer inner burner coal supply, is the determinative that influences coal-gas producer work.For example: this wave energy causes the poor combustion of fuel in the coal-gas producer, causes the burner surface inequality of being heated, thereby produces internal stress at burner surface.If the fluctuation of crushed solid particles quality of fuel flow rate will make to occur superheat region and temperature lower region in the coal-gas producer.The fuel of temperature lower region fails to vaporize fully as a result, is carbonic acid gas and water vapor and the fuel of overheated zone will change into unworthy product.In addition, the localized hyperthermia in the coal-gas producer will destroy the flame retardant coating that generally is located at the coal-gas producer internal surface.

Because coal is about 5 seconds or short in the residence time of the reaction zone of reactor, so the mass velocity of coal is preferably constant in the time range of this order of magnitude or in shorter time, to guarantee the constant area condition.

Several factors all has a significant impact burner coal supply mass velocity.The discharging of gravitation tank and by the pipe-line transportation of jar to coal-gas producer, the mass flow rate of fuel being transported to coal-gas producer is especially influential.

Under the particular case, the about 50～800kg/m of density ³The fuel and the mixture of gas be that pipe about 150mm is carried by diameter, will produce bigger pressure drop.This is the result of multiple reason combined influence.As: pipe friction loss, throttling and bending or the like.

The present invention has used a container that shrink the bottom downwards.Container has a discharge port at least in the bottom, and has the device of the solid air feed in constriction, is displaced into coal-gas producer to guarantee gas and solid mixture with uniform mass velocity.The pressure of air feed and flow rate are sent device and are as the criterion can keep powdery solid and gaseous mixture to be discharged into coal gas with uniform mass velocity.Moreover air supply device uses as the fluidization by-pass valve control, for the production operation under the various conditions provides very big handiness.As humidity of dissimilar coals, different coal or the like.

The mixture of keeping powdery solid and gas is discharged into coal-gas producer with uniform mass flow rate, thereby has prevented overheated zone and the low generation of distinguishing of temperature in the coal-gas producer, and this is one of advantage of the present invention.

Cross the appearance in low district owing to prevented overheated zone and temperature, thereby make the refractory liner of coal-gas producer obtain protection, this also is an advantage of the present invention.

Another advantage of the present invention is more effectively to utilize fuel in the production of coal gas.

This advantage of the present invention also comprises: can keep higher suspension density (greater than 200kg/m in the line of pipes between storage tank and coal-gas producer ³).This can reduce the gas consumption of air feed consumption and coal supply.Avoid the coal gas of coal-gas producer output diluted, thereby avoided the value of the product reduction.

Although mainly be to describe the present invention in the following literary composition,, equally also be suitable for according to method and apparatus of the present invention to reacting the solid fuel that solid and other can partially combusted meticulous differentiations with the powdery coal.As to brown coal, hard coal, bituminous coal, carbon black, refinery coke and similar fuel.With regard to the granularity of solid carbon fuel, more favourable situation is: the grain graininess 90%(weight of fuel) is less than 100 orders (ASTM-American Standard of Testing Materials).

In addition, the present invention can both use granular or powdery solid, for example, and the fine solid particle that takes down in resin, catalyzer, flying dust and bagroom and the electrostatic precipitator.

Method and apparatus of the present invention and its various advantages have above been described.To be for a more detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings below.Yet accompanying drawing is the flow process type, does not express utility appliance such as pump, compressor and cleaning equipment etc., and its whole value only are the usefulness as example or calculating.

Referring to Fig. 1, the equipment that the mixture that is used for keeping powdery solid and gas is discharged from storage tank with uniform mass velocity.Gravitation tank 11 among the figure is storage tank, operates under the pressure of 1～70 crust.Mixture enters acceptable response device such as coal-gas producer 9 by managing 40.This equipment generally comprises the device that mixture is imported gravitation tank 11, as opening for feed 10.Gravitation tank 11 generally makes material enter funnel shaped receiving trap (shown in 7), and this will do special the description in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.

Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the air supply device shown in 6 is arranged in the receiving device 7 of gasification system shown in Fig. 1.Air supply device 6 has the axle or the pipe 14 of a hollow, and it is supporting 16, one of a mounting flange that are fixed on its upper end and is making 14 positions that remain on bracing or strutting arrangement 27 stuck-at-s 4 about mid points of central position.Mounting flange 16 is porose 28, and number is a plural number, is fixed on the gravitation tank 11 by it.Flange 16 is supported on the air feed axle 14 by back up pad 29,29 can with 16 and 14 the welding.Pipe 32 outer rims 33 from flange 16 reach axle 14, are communicated with space in the axle.Production well 34 is arranged at axle 14 bottom, and number be a plural number, and this makes spools 14 to be communicated with the coal mixtures that flows through receiving device 7.Gaseous mixture is forced to flow to the mouth 35 of pipe 32 under pressure.Seal because of managing 14 top 36, so air-flow is downward through pipe 14,34 flow out from the hole, are the coal mixtures air feed in the receiving device 7.Bracing or strutting arrangement 27 can weld with pipe 14.A plurality of spacer piecess are arranged on its outer rim, make ventilation apparatus 6 remain on the center of receiving device 7.Attention is coal (solid) air feed by the air feed pipe, should not be only limited to use hole, the air feed pipe that also can use porous plug even sintering metal to make.The people who is familiar with this technology understands that technological process and machinery needs are depended in the selection of material.

In the simplest embodiment, centering unit 27 can be made of supporting disk 42 and spacer pieces 37.In the embodiment of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, centering unit 27 can be the up-small and down-big cone-shaped body of hollow, and the conical surface 41 is a perforated surfaces, but chassis 42 atresias, cone angle is smaller or equal to 120 °.Portion gas directly enters cone 27 in the air feed pipe 24, and the hole from the conical surface 41 discharges, and is the mixture air feed in the receiving device 7.This device (being designated as 27) is not only a centering unit, and in the hopper discharging process, centering unit can be thought as promoting mobile equipment.Yet the use of the ventilation apparatus of Ti Chuing here is novel, and it promotes material to flow to the conical part of device below 27.Air feed is used to overcome the friction and the intergranular friction on solid and cone surface, in addition, changes wind supply quantity, just can change load, and it has played the effect of control valve for fluids.

Fig. 3 represents that of the present invention another has the characteristics of superiority.The lower end 38 of air feed pipe 14 can be made into taper, and the discharge port 17 of it and receiving device 7 is adapted.Air feed pipe 14 can be made into portable, so that put in (withdrawing from) discharge port 17 (laying down) in place.Nozzle 38 and discharge port 17 constitute the fluidization valve, can further control material and flow into transport pipe 40 from receiving device.

Above-described embodiment utilizes the wall of container of receiving device 7 to come the splendid attire mixture, and makes it pass through discharge port 17 inflow line 40(referring to Fig. 1).Lining 8 in air feed pipe 14 and the receiving device 7 is used in combination, and is essential or favourable in some cases.At this moment the inwall 12 that constitutes of lining 8 is made of permeable material fully or uses a plurality of porous plugs.

Refer now to Fig. 2, establish one deck lining 8 in the receiving device 7, it is made by permeability or porous material.Air-flow is used to blow loose mixture.The inwall that lining 8 constitutes is convergent contour, and its cone angle preferably is no more than 90 ° less than 150 °, and it is restrained to discharge port.Device 7 has a discharge port that is located at the awl end points at least.

Receiving device 7 has a shell 13 that surrounds lining 8, forms an enclosed space (compiling the space) between inner casing 12 that lining 8 constitutes and shell 13.Shell 13 has an outlet 15 that is located at the lower end at least to discharge particle.The discharge port 17 of it and lining 8 is concentric.In the enclosed space of 12 on shell 13 and wall, be provided with a division board 22.It is close to the permeable part of wall 12 in the form of a ring in wall 12 outsides, and its effect is separated first area 18 and second area 19 exactly, forms 2 essentially independent spaces.Shell 13 also comprises some devices like this, makes gas optionally inject first district 18 and second district 19 respectively by managing 23 under pressure.For example, from compressed gas source 20, the time 1 air-flow can enter inlet.Although 20,21 is independent source of the gas, there is experience person all to know, can use same source of the gas.

Allow gas optionally to be infused in the insulated chamber that forms in the enclosed space of 12 on shell 13 and wall, the density of these gases can be different.As nitrogen or other rare gas element, and the synthetic gas of mainly forming by carbon monoxide, hydrogen, water.Inject first district 18 tolerance can greater than, be equal to or less than the tolerance that is injected into second district 19.Situation is preferably: with rare gas element injection region 18, synthetic gas injection region 19.The gas of injection region 18 mainly makes progress away, flows into gravitation tank 11 with control pressure.And the gas that is injected into district 19 is mainly walked downwards, is transported to coal-gas producer 9.

Lining 8 the most handy heavy solid materials are made, as stainless steel and 20 alloys.And can partly or entirely use the porous material lining, this can be metal or nonmetallic, as sintering powder metal, braiding stainless steel or porous ceramics.Concrete use anything to depend on the operational condition in the technological process and the kind of used coal.Porous material has the selective permeation ability.Porous material helps from the gas of compressed gas source evenly by lining 8, by lining 8 to preventing the crushed solid particles bridging the discharge port 17.

In numerous factors, aperture of porous material determine main type according to used coal.Obtain bigger production handiness, to use dissimilar coals, this needs different apertures, and therefore, lining 8 preferably can have the different porous linings that see through ability with another and exchange.

In addition, gas enters after the hole of porous material, will have a metering function.Even flow distribution when this has guaranteed that fluid flows through the porous material of the inwall 12 that is made of lining 8.Equally, porous material also can be used for controlling the apparent density of the mixture of lining 8 the insides, and the flow rate of discharging gravitation tanks 11 by discharge port 17.

If the stopper that lining uses a plurality of porous materials to make, the arrangement of hole (stopper) is to provide suitable air quantity to be as the criterion for the flowability that changes flour.For example, the hole of lining 8 can be distributed in 3 basic zones of opening wide, open-top 3%, and middle part (and the band of putting up a bridge) is 10%, the bottom is 5%.Lining 8 has 200 holes altogether approximately, and the diameter in each hole is about 14mm.

When adopting nitrogen and synthetic gas to inject air-supply duct 32, first district 18 and second district 19 respectively under pressure, tolerance and flow direction are by flow director 30,31 and under meter 25,26 controls.Its flow should be enough to make air feed pipe 14 and near porous wall 12 powdery solids to float.When being lower than this flow, the powdery solid above the porous material is floated, the gas of injection only makes porous material top float, and this is unfavorable.And the typical practice of this traditional just system, it has caused more inert gas dilution by the coal gas that produces in the coal-gas producer, so output low-value product.As top said suitable tolerance should be: when using the similar lining of transmitance, can in whole ventilation apparatus, produce uniform flow profile.

Perforated tube (14) below the parts (27) is used as diluent facilities, to promote steadily and reliably flowing through cone outlet 17.It equally also can be used for controlling the density of the coal in the pipeline of going to coal-gas producer.

Sliding velocity on cone 8 is that the apparent surface's speed between gas and the coal should be less than 50% of fluidizing velocity, preferably near zero in the gravitation tank.The particulate fluidization has increased the fluctuation of solid discharge mass flow rate from gravitation tank 11.

In addition, the tolerance from compressed gas source should not make the gas speed in the gravitation tank 11 surpass wherein solid termination falling velocity.The definition that stops falling velocity is: the gas speed when upwards the election power of flowing gas on solid particulate equals its gravity.Stop falling velocity if gas speed surpasses, solid will be discharged from drain 50 rather than discharge port 17.

Favourable situation is: the flow of source of the gas 20,21 can be by flow director 30,31 and under meter 25,26 control independently respectively, makes with respect to coal and make progress mobile tolerance and the tolerance that flows downward is controlled respectively.

For example: the suspension density of the powdery solid of discharging from gravitation tank 11 and the mixture of gas is 450kg/m ³, the homogeneous quality flow rate is 2000kg/hr, and nitrogen injecting quantity is about 100kg/hr in first district.If defeated nitrogen speed surpasses this value, suspension density will be lower than 450kg/m ³, the coal gas of coal-gas producer 9 outputs also will be by the nitrogen dilution from source of the gas.In addition, if defeated nitrogen speed is lower than selected value to a certain extent, then suspension density will be much higher than 450kg/m ³Whether this situation can cause flowing of less stable, depends on material and operational condition.

Air-flow should be from all directions and highly is blown into, so that the fluid velocity profile at control pressure and discharge port 17 places.If necessary, can use insulated chamber or gas injection above insulated chamber more than 2, this depends on the particulate physical properties that is transferred.

This selectivity is injected, and mixture density of controlling respectively in the gravitation tank 11 and the means of discharging the mixture density of gravitation tank 11 by outer discharge port 15 are provided.The suspension density that is suitable for because of the present invention is 200～500kg/m ³, the discharge port 15 of gravitation tank 11 of the present invention is than used much smaller of routine techniques.

To suspension density is 200～500kg/m ³Solid and gaseous mixture, the diameter of discharge port 17 is about 4～150mm among the present invention.This puts up a bridge when discharging discharge port 17 to prevent solid greater than the maximum bridging diameter of powdery solid.Axle head (38) is as the criterion not hinder to flow to the distance of cone outlet 17.Selectable value is: the width of annulus (37) is more than or equal to the minimum level spacing of cone to axis 14.Conventional coal-supply system flows coal by gravity, destroys with auxiliary blowing and puts up a bridge.Like this, in the outlet of gravitation tank, typical suspension density just is lower than 200kg/m ³, and corresponding gravitation tank exit diameter is greater than 150mm.And, do not wish that discharge port is greater than 150mm to mass flow rate used in the present invention.Because flow velocity and suspension density can drop to below the desirable limit, cause being sent to the fluctuation of mass flow rate of the mixture of the coal of coal-gas producer 9 and gas.

In addition, minor diameter discharge port 17 and insulated chamber gas injection combine, and its effect resembles the control solid and flows out velocity flow attitude valve.Like this, just can remove the accident shutdown valve on the pipeline between gravitation tank 11 and coal-gas producer.

On the other hand, the present invention emits gas by gravitation tank 11 tops (as exporting 50), and the gas speed of the solid particulate that flows through to keep up is about 2mm/s, thereby has eliminated local bridging phenomenon, makes the solid smooth flow to discharge port 17.

Annulus between parts 27 and the taper lining 8 is important, and its selection should be taken into account character of solid particulate (flowability) and inner-wall material.

With reference now to Fig. 4,, it has showed second optimum implementation of the present invention.The label of each several part is identical with Fig. 3.

First air supply device is linked to each other with pipe 32 by quill shaft 14 and forms.Second air supply device (just centering and bracing or strutting arrangement) can be welded on the pipe 14, and by pipe 32a with chew 35a and link to each other.Air communication is crossed and is chewed 35a and manage the inside that 32a directly enters awl 27, by the adverse current discharge basically of the punching conical surface 41, makes the further fluidisation of mixture in the receiving device 7.Like this, to can be used as air feed system independently be powdery solid air feed in the receiving device 7 to awl 27.Air-flow provides in the mode similar or identical with air feed pipe 14, and promptly source of the gas 20a is by controller 30a and under meter 25a control.Foregoing invention rises and promotes fluid the even of the part below the element 27 in receiving device 7 to flow.Giving the mealy solid particle air feed is in order to overcome the friction between intergranular friction and receiving device 7 and solid.In addition, change air quantity and just can change the solid take-off rate, thereby play the effect of flowrate control valve.Air feed pipe 32a can be concentric with pipe 14.

Although above illustrated first and second air supply device is fixed, in some applications, so long also make them portable, as shown in Figure 5.Wherein mark use among number and Fig. 3,4 identical.

Axle 14a is the extension of axle 14, and is slidingly connected with it.Element 27 is to be welded on the 14a, thereby can raise or reduction with axle 14a.37 of liners play guiding and centering effect, allow axle 14a to slide, and flowing of carbonaceous fuel significantly do not hindered.

The lower end 38 of pipe 14a can be made into taper, so that adapt with the discharge port 17 of receiving device 7.Air feed pipe 14a is made into to move within the specific limits, so that shift near (leaving) discharge port 17 (dismounting) in place.Nozzle 38 and discharge port b17 have formed another fluidisation valve, can further control material from receiving device 7 flowing to pipeline 40.

Air feed pipe 14a that is fixed together or air feed awl 27 by means of 43 represented hydro-cylinders, can move axially.Hydro-cylinder also is the part (referring to Fig. 2) of mounting flange 16 and brace rod 29.Air feed pipe 14a puts in hydro-cylinder 43 by opening 44, and fixedlys connected with piston 45 (as welding).The part of air feed axle 14a extends to piston more than 45, and and manages 14 and do slidably socket.Piston 45 is subjected to the thrust that makes progress of spring 46, and in hydro-cylinder 43, its position is controlled by liquid pressure, these liquid by hydraulic power source 47 by 49 inner chambers 48 that enter liquid cylinder 43 that enter the mouth.Therefore, the position of ventilation apparatus 6 is the liquid pressure control in origin self-hydraulic source.Certainly, be necessary for all slipping planes the suitable seal device is provided, all stagers of this point are clear.

The above-mentioned description of this invention only is illustrative.The various variations in detail of the method and apparatus that it was described still belong to the category of claim of the present invention under the situation of spirit of the present invention.

Claims (21)

CLAIMS 1. An apparatus for maintaining a mixture of comminuted solid particles and gas at a uniform mass flow rate from a storage apparatus to a receiving reactor. It is characterized in that: the above-mentioned mixture is introduced into the lower part of the converging storage device, the storage device has at least one discharge port arranged at the converging tip to discharge the above-mentioned mixture, and the above-mentioned storage device is also equipped with an air supply device for the above-mentioned pulverization The solid particles are supplied with air, and there is also a device for discharging the above-mentioned pulverized solid particles from the above-mentioned storage equipment. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air supply device is constituted as follows: The first pipeline is fixed in the above-mentioned storage device and is concentric with the above-mentioned outlet; The second pipeline is fixedly connected to the first pipeline, so that the insides of the first and second pipelines communicate with each other; means for injecting gas under pressure into said second line; There are a plurality of air holes communicating inside and outside the pipe on the above-mentioned first pipeline, which are used to blow air to the mixture of the above-mentioned powdery solid and gas. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the lower end of said first conduit is in close proximity to said discharge opening so as to form a fluidizing valve. 4. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that said first conduit is movable towards or away from said discharge opening. 5. Apparatus according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized by reversing means for reversing the flow of a portion of said "gas". 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that said reversing device is a top-up hollow cone surrounding said part of the first pipeline, the upper cone requires drilling and the inner space of said cone is the same as said Part of the air holes on the first pipeline are connected. 7. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that a housing surrounds the downwardly converging inner walls of said storage means, thereby defining an isolated compartment therebetween. In addition, there is a device for injecting gas into the isolation chamber. Here, part of the inner wall of the storage device is porous and permeable to the air flow. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that said isolation space is divided into a plurality of isolation chambers. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein said gas injection means comprises: means for injecting a first gas of selected density into said isolation chamber; A device for injecting another gas having a higher density than the first gas into the above-mentioned second pipeline. 10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein said means for injecting gas comprises: means for injecting a first gas of selected density into said isolation chamber; A device for injecting another gas having a lower density than the first gas into the above-mentioned second pipeline. 11. The equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that said air supply device is constituted as follows: The first air supply device is fixed in the above-mentioned storage equipment and is concentric with the above-mentioned discharge port to supply air for the above-mentioned mixture; The second air supply device is fixedly connected with the first air supply device to supply air for the above-mentioned mixture; A device for selectively injecting gas under pressure into the above-mentioned first and second air supply devices; There are a plurality of air holes on the first and second air supply devices, through which the above-mentioned gas is discharged into the mixture of the above-mentioned powdery solid and gas. 12. Apparatus according to claim 11, wherein a portion of said first air supply means is in close proximity to said discharge opening so as to form a fluidizing valve. 13. Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the first air supply means is a root canal. 14. The apparatus set forth in claim 11 wherein said second air supply means is a reversing means for reversing a portion of said air flow. 15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the above-mentioned reverse device is a top-up hollow cone surrounding part of the first air supply device, the upper cone surface is perforated according to requirements, and the inner space of the above-mentioned cone connected to the airflow. 16. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that said means for injecting gas flow comprises: means for injecting a first gas of selected density into the above-mentioned first gas supply means; A device for injecting a second gas having a density greater than that of the first gas into the second gas supply device. 17. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that said means for injecting gas flow comprises: means for injecting a first air stream of selected density into said first air supply means; A device for injecting a second gas having a density less than that of the first gas into the second air supply device. 18. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air supply device is constituted as follows: The first pipeline is installed in the above-mentioned storage equipment in a movable manner, and is concentric with the above-mentioned discharge port; The second pipeline and the first pipeline adopt a sliding connection, so that the first and second pipelines communicate with each other; means for injecting gas under pressure into said second line; There are a plurality of air holes on the above-mentioned first pipeline to communicate with the inside and outside of the pipe, through which the gas flows into the mixture of the above-mentioned powdery solid and gas; A device for moving the above-mentioned first pipeline relative to the outlet. 19. Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the means for the first line is a hydraulic cylinder. 20. Apparatus according to claim 19, characterized by reversing means for reversing the flow of said gas. 21. The device according to claim 20, wherein said reversing device is a top-up hollow cone surrounding part of said first pipeline, and the upper cone surface is perforated according to requirements, and the inner space of said cone and Part of the air holes on the first pipeline are connected.

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